85 research outputs found
Exclusive Breastfeeding and Decrease of Upper respiratory Infection Incidence among Infants Aged 6-12 Months in Kampar District, Riau Province
Get PDFUpper Respiratory Infection (URI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality of infants and toddlers in developing countries. The high infant morbidity and mortality rates in Indonesia are associated with the low exclusive breastfeeding ability. Breast milk is a natural drink for newborns in the first month of life that is beneficial not only for the babies, but also for mothers. The aim of study was to determine exclusive breastfeeding and decrease in incidence of URI among infants aged 6-12 months. This study was conducted by using case control design. Samples were taken by using cluster random sampling. Subject of study consisted of 162 cases and 162 control with infants aged 6-12 years. Cases were 162 infants aged 6-12 months suffering from URI within one last month and taken by mothers to primary health care that was selected location of study, while control was mothers who took their infants aged 6-12 months who did not suffer from URI within one last month to the selected primary health care. Data analysis included univariate, bivariate, stratification, and multivariate analysis with logistic regression. Results of study found that infants who were not exclusively breastfed were 1.69 times (95% CI: 1.02-2.80) more at risk of increasing URI incidence compared to infants who were breastfed exclusively after controlled by smoker in house and immunization variables. Health promotion of 6-month exclusive breastfeeding, provision of immunization, and anti-smoking program need to be implemented continuously to decrease the rates of morbidity and mortality due to URI disease
Trends. Salman Rushdie and Taslima Nasrin: Terrorists?
Get PDFThe author discusses fatwas that have been issued against United Kingdom\u27s Salman Rushdie and Bangladesh\u27s Taslima Nasrin
The Threat of Intolerance. Religious Extremism
Get PDFTaslima Nasrin, the writer from Bangladesh, shot into international fame and limelight with the publication of her novel 'Lajja' (Shame) which criticized Muslims for attacking minority Hindus in Bangladesh following the 1992 destruction of a mosque by Hindu zealots in neighbouring India. Nasrin's writing so angered Muslim sentiments in Bangladesh that Khaleda Zia's government ordered her arrest in 1994 on charges of blasphemy. After a year in hiding, Nasrin fled Bangladesh for four years of exile in Europe. Several Muslim religious leaders demanded her immediate arrest and trial. They warned the government of serious consequences if she is not put on trial for suggesting that the Qur'an should be rewritten. Nasrin has denied making the comments. However, it was finally confirmed that the 36-year old author should indeed stand trial. Nasrin has appealed to the international community for help
Program Hiv/aids untuk Rakyat
Get PDFIndonesia faces HIV/AIDS epidemy that is now developing tremendously and attacking mostly the young generation. HIV-AIDS has emerged and spread through behavior such as practicing free sex lifestyle and using drugs by sharing needles. The objective of this article is to review the currentHIV/AIDS problems and measures carried out in Indonesia to help protect the people from disaster. The proportion of Indonesian females suffering from HIV/ AIDS had been increasing sharply, whose mostly are household mothers and transmitted sexually. The existing anti retroviral treatmentis able to reduce HIV/AIDS transmission from mother to infant. The Government of Indonesian provides health services, medical treatment, nursing care as well as support without discrimination. Subsidized drugs were provided fully and continuously. PT Kimia Farma produces antiviral and has it distributed to the hospitals that serve HIV/AIDS patients. Measures to control the spread of HIV/AIDS are carried out through strengthening the knowledge of the people about HIV/AIDS and preventive action
Pengaruh Konsumsi Fruktosa pada Minuman Kemasan terhadap Toleransi Glukosa Terganggu pada Kelompok Usia Muda di Perkotaan di Indonesia
Get PDFPeningkatan konsumsi minuman kemasan (soft drinks/ bevereges) tampak nyata di dunia, termasuk Indonesia. Peningkatan ini terutama terjadi di kelompok usia muda. Konsumsi minuman tersebut berkaitan dengan gangguan metabolik, antara lain obesitas, toleransi glukosa terganggu (TGT) dan diabetes melitus. Hal ini disebabkan penggunaan pemanis tinggi fruktosa (high fructose corn syrup, HFCS). TGT terutama menjadi masalah kesehatan serius karena umumnya tidak menunjukkan gejala dan terlambat untuk dideteksi sehingga sering kali telah berprogresi menjadi diabetes mellitus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan konsumsi tinggi fruktosa dengan kejadian TGT pada usia muda, serta prevalensi kekerapan mengkonsumsi minuman tinggi fruktosa, baik secara nasional maupun pada tiap provinsi. Desain penelitian adalah potong lintang yang menggunakan data riset kesehatan dasar (RISKESDAS 2007). Analisis memperlihatkan bahwa konsumsi minuman tinggi fruktosa berhubungan dengan kejadian TGT usia muda setelah mengendalikan kovariat (OR 1,24, p=0,00). Prevalensi TGT pada kelompok usia muda di Indonesia adalah 5,7% dan prevelensi pengkonsumsi fruktosa tinggi sebesar 20,5%. Kontribusi konsumsi fruktosa tinggi terhadap kejadian TGT usia muda adalah 24,3%. Secara umum, prevalensi TGT pada usia muda di Indonesia cukup tinggi dan konsumsi minuman kemasan berpemanis tinggi fruktosa memiliki kontribusi yang signifikan dalam terjadinya TGT
Pengaruh Konsumsi Fruktosa pada Minuman Kemasan terhadap Toleransi Glukosa Terganggu pada Kelompok Usia Dewasa Muda di Perkotaan Indonesia
Get PDFPeningkatan konsumsi minuman kemasan (soft drink/beverages) tampak nyata di dunia, termasuk Indonesia. Peningkatan ini terutama terjadi di kelompok usia muda. Konsumsi soft drink/beverages ini berkaitan dengan gangguan metabolik, antara lain obesitas, toleransi glukosa terganggu (TGT) dan diabetes melitus. Hal ini disebabkan penggunaan pemanis tinggi fruktosa (high fructose corn syrup, HFCS). TGT terutama menjadi masalah kesehatan yang cukup serius karena umumnya tidak menunjukkan gejala dan terlambat untuk dideteksi sehingga sering kali telah berprogresi menjadi diabetes mellitus. Terdapat banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya TGT dengan faktor lingkungan menjadi faktor yang lebih dominan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan desain potong lintang yang menggunakan data riset kesehatan dasar (RISKESDAS 2007). Analisis data dimulai dari univariat, bivariat dan dilanjutkan dengan multivariat. Ditemukan bahwa prevalensi TGT pada kelompok usia muda di Indonesia adalah 5,7% dan prevelensi pengkonsumsi fruktosa tinggi sebesar 20,5%. Kontribusi konsumsi fruktosa tinggi terhadap kejadian TGT usia muda adalah 24,3%. Secara umum, prevalensi TGT pada usia muda di Indonesia cukup tinggi (melebihi 50% prevalensi di semua umur), dan konsumsi fruktosa memiliki kontribusi yang signifikan dalam terjadinya TGT.Kata kunci: konsumsi fruktosa, indeks fruktosa, TG
PENGETAHUAN DAN KEPATUHAN PENGGUNAAN KELAMBU BERINSEKTISIDA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS MANALU KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN SANGIHE PROVINSI SULAWESI UTARA
Get PDFProvinsi Sulawesi utara khususnya Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe merupakan salah satu daerah endemis malaria. Hampir setiap tahun kasus malaria mengalami peningkatan. Paling tidak pada 5 tahun terakhir, angka kesakitan malaria tinggi, dengan Annual Parasite Incidence (API) lebih dari 5per 1.000 penduduk, dengan jumlah kasus terbanyakdi wilayah kerja Puskesmas Manalu Kecamatan Tabukan Selatan, dengan kasus positif 226. Berdasarkan data tersebut maka wilayah ini menjadi salah satu daerah sasaran intervensi kelambu. Sejak tahun 2011 dilakukan pembagian kelambu berinsektisida di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Manaluyang merupakan kategori endemis malaria. Setiap Keluarga mendapatkan 1 atau 2 kelambu. Jika terdapat Ibu hamil atau balita maka akan mendapatkan tambahan kelambu. untuk wilayah Kalimantan dan Sulawesi pada tahun 2020 diharapakan dapat tercapai eliminasi malaria. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan dan kepatuhan penggunaan kelambu berinsektisida oleh masyarakat yang telah dibagikan sejak tahun 2011. Penelitian observasional ini dilakukan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Manalu, Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe, pada bulan April hingga Juni 2016. Selanjutnya dilakukan wawancara terhadap 103 Kepala Keluarga yang menerima kelambu. Hasilpenelitian menemukan, sebagian besar responden (98 persen) mempunyai pengetahuan yang baik tentang kelambu berinsektisida dan patuh menggunakan kelambu ketika tidur malam (83,1 persen), sekitar 96,1 persen memasang kelambu dengan benar, sekitar 85,7 persen responden memelihara dan mencuci kelambu dan sekitar 93,9 persen menjemur langsung di bawah sinar matahari. Saat ini, kelambu yang dimiliki masyarakat adalah kelambu berinsektisida (96,8 persen) dan kelambu biasa (3,2 persen). Meskipun telah mempunyai pengetahuan dan kepatuhan penggunaan kelambu berinsektisida yang baik, pada kenyataannya hingga saat ini endemisitas malaria masih tergolong tinggi (API lebih besar 5). Oleh sebab itu perlu dicari faktorlain, meliputi kondisi geografis wilayah, kondisi sosial masyarakat, dan usia kelambu. Geografis wilayahyang sebagian besar berupa rawa dan pantai (98,1 persen), kondisi ini dapat mempengaruhi banyak tempat perindukan nyamuk, sebagian besar masyarakat bekerja sebagai nelayan dengan aktifitas di luar rumah,sejak subuh sampai malam.Usia kelambu saat ini sudah sekitar 6 tahun sehingga perlu program replacement kelambu berinsektisida oleh pemerintah untuk mencegah secara optimal gigitan nyamuk ketikasedang tidur pada malam hari
ASSESS PREDIABETES RISK, AS A GOLDEN PERIOD FOR PREVENTION OF DIABETES
Get PDFÂ Objective: Prediabetes is a high-risk condition for diabetes development and several other health outcomes later in life, but little is known about the factors associated with this condition. On the other hand, by predicting the risk of prediabetes, it is also a golden period for prevent or delay the diabetes conversion. The aim here was to assess the prevalence, risk factor that associated, and build a model to assess prediabetes risk.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Palembang, Indonesia. Data were collected during January until May 2016. We recruited adult age >15 years from 16 districts in Palembang. Anthropometric, demographic, and clinical history data were measured by standard methods. Capillary blood glucose was measured by finger prick test, followed by confirmatory oral glucose tolerance tests.Results: Of a total of 1241 participants, the prevalence of prediabetes was 27.8% (345 participants) and 72.2% (896 participants) and those were normal blood glucose. Employment, age, exercise, alcohol consumption, body mass index, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, waist circumference, and hypercholesterol history were screened out as independent factors to build the prediction risk model.Conclusion: The prediabetes prediction model can be used easily and understood by health-related users to assess prediabetes risk. The intervention program, designed based on our prediabetes model to prevent or delay the conversion of prediabetes to diabetes in the population. The discovery of pharmacological therapies to prevent further conversion is needed.Â
ASSESS PREDIABETES RISK, AS A GOLDEN PERIOD FOR PREVENTION OF DIABETES
No full text Objective: Prediabetes is a high-risk condition for diabetes development and several other health outcomes later in life, but little is known about the factors associated with this condition. On the other hand, by predicting the risk of prediabetes, it is also a golden period for prevent or delay the diabetes conversion. The aim here was to assess the prevalence, risk factor that associated, and build a model to assess prediabetes risk.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Palembang, Indonesia. Data were collected during January until May 2016. We recruited adult age >15 years from 16 districts in Palembang. Anthropometric, demographic, and clinical history data were measured by standard methods. Capillary blood glucose was measured by finger prick test, followed by confirmatory oral glucose tolerance tests.Results: Of a total of 1241 participants, the prevalence of prediabetes was 27.8% (345 participants) and 72.2% (896 participants) and those were normal blood glucose. Employment, age, exercise, alcohol consumption, body mass index, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, waist circumference, and hypercholesterol history were screened out as independent factors to build the prediction risk model.Conclusion: The prediabetes prediction model can be used easily and understood by health-related users to assess prediabetes risk. The intervention program, designed based on our prediabetes model to prevent or delay the conversion of prediabetes to diabetes in the population. The discovery of pharmacological therapies to prevent further conversion is needed. </jats:p
Pengaruh Status Gizi Anak Usia di Bawah Lima Tahun terhadap Nilai Belajar Verbal dan Numerik
Get PDFKeberhasilan pembangunan suatu bangsa dipengaruhi oleh kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia yang secara esensil ditentukan oleh status gizi. Sekitar 1,3 juta anak dengan gizi buruk diperkirakan berpotensi kehilangan IQ sampai 22 juta poin. Kekurangan gizi pada usia dini diawal daur kehidupan terbukti memberikan dampak yang berat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui insiden kekurangan gizi pada baduta dan pasca baduta serta pengaruhnya pada prestasi belajar numerik dan verbal pada anak usia sekolah dasar. Penelitian dengan desain kohort retrospektif yang dilakukan pada 1200 sampel anak ini memperlihatkan hasil yang sangat konsisten mendukung penelitian sebelumnya. Semakin dini seorang anak menderita gizi kurang, semakin besar risiko untuk mengalami prestasi belajar yang rendah. Risiko prestasi verbal yang rendah pada anak usia baduta dengan gizi kurang dan setelah baduta adalah 6,5 dan 5 kali lebih tinggi daripada yang dengan gizi baik. Risiko prestasi numerik yang rendah pada anak dengan gizi kurang ketika usia baduta dan setelah baduta 25 dan 15 kali lebih besar daripada yang gizi baik. Prestasi verbal sangat berfluktuasi sesuai dengan status gizi individu sepanjang hayat. Sebaliknya, prestasi numeri, terlihat hanya dipengaruhi oleh status gizi pada usia balita. Gizi yang baik pada anak baduta dan pasca baduta dapat mencegah prestasi belajar yang rendah 44% dan 30%, tetapi untuk potensi belajar numerik, masing-masing dapat mencegah 80% dan 63%. Skor verbal sangat dipengaruhi oleh kondisi atau fluktuasi status gizi pada daur kehidupan, tetapi skor numerik hanya dipengaruhi status gizi individu pada lima tahun pertama kehidupan.Kata kunci : Status gizi, prestasi belajarAbstractThe success of national development is determined by availability of qualified human resources, which is essentially determined by nutritional status. About 1.3 milion malnourished children are predicted to lost around 22 million IQ points. Early malnutrition is known to have a great impact on later growth and development. The objective of this study is to investigate the incidence of malnutrition among children age under two years and post two years and their effect on verbal and numeric learning performance. This retrospective cohort study which was conducted on 1200 children shows consistent results that the earlier a child experienced malnutrition the lower the performance. The risk of having low verbal performance among malnourished children were 25 (children age under two years) and 15 times (children more than 2 years) greater compared to those of normally nourished children. Verbal performance is related to longlife nutrition status while numeric performance is more related to the first five-years of life. Good nutrition status could prevent low verbal performance of 44% and 30% for children under 2 year of age and children more than 2 year, respectively and help prevent 80% and 63% of low numeric performance.Keywords: Nutritional status, learning performanc
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