42 research outputs found
Lusitania Liberata: Images in the Service of Diplomacy
No full textThe book Lusitania Liberata was printed in London in 1645. It was a colossal publication, numbering 794 pages and containing fourteen engravings by John Droeshout. These images were among the first to establish an iconography of the new Braganza dynasty in Portugal. These pictorial inventions bolstered, and in turn were supported by, the voluminous textual arguments that the book’s author, António de Sousa de Macedo, gathered to justify John IV’s elevation to the Portuguese throne. Sources tell us that the English king Charles I. even discussed passages of the book with the author. Apart from this illustrious reader, the book also found many buyers across Europe, where it circulated among a wide audience.
This talk focuses on these pictorial innovations in the service of Portuguese power, drawing upon a chapter from Krass’s forthcoming book on the global visualization of the Portuguese Restoration of 1640
Healthy eating in the context of social inequalities: The influence of socioeconomic factors on attitudes and dietary behavior
No full textSoziale Ungleichheiten im Ernährungsverhalten sind eine wesentliche Ursache gesundheitlicher Ungleichheiten. Einstellungen zur gesunden Ernährung beeinflussen das Ernährungsverhalten, wobei sozioökonomische Unterschiede bestehen. Ein besseres Verständnis dieser Zusammenhänge ist entscheidend für gezielte Interventionen. Diese kumultative Dissertation untersucht Einstellungen zur gesunden Ernährung, ihren Einfluss auf das Ernährungsverhalten und die Rolle sozioökonomischer Faktoren anhand eines systematischen Reviews und zweier Sekundäranalysen bevölkerungsbasierter Daten aus Deutschland und Europa.
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass i) die Allgemeinbevölkerung unterschiedliche Perspektiven zur (gesunden) Ernährung hat, ii) sozioökonomische Unterschiede in diesen Bedeutungen bestehen, iii) niedrigere sozioökonomische Gruppen ungünstigere Ernährungsverhaltensweisen zeigen, iv) positive ernährungsbezogene Einstellungen die Ernährungsqualität verbessern und v) diese Einstellungen als vermittelnder Faktor zwischen sozioökonomischem Status und Ernährungsverhalten wirken. Damit bestätigen die Ergebnisse sozial-kognitive Verhaltenstheorien, wonach Einstellungen das Ernährungsverhalten maßgeblich beeinflussen.
Für Forschung und Praxis ergeben sich daraus wichtige Implikationen. Zukünftige Studien sollten intersektionale Perspektiven einbeziehen, um Gruppen mit besonderem Bedarf an Ernährungsinterventionen zu identifizieren. Zudem ist eine einheitliche Erfassung ernährungsbezogener Einstellungen im Zusammenhang mit sozioökonomischen Faktoren entscheidend. Um soziale Unterschiede im Ernährungsverhalten besser zu verstehen, sollten weitere Mediatoren untersucht werden. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen den Bedarf an Interventionen, die Ernährungswissen und -kompetenzen fördern sowie eine positive Wahrnehmung gesunder Ernährung stärken. Besondere Berücksichtigung sollten die Bedürfnisse sozioökonomisch benachteiligter Gruppen finden, um Ungleichheiten zu reduzieren
Perspectives on Healthy Eating of Adult Populations in High-Income Countries: A Qualitative Evidence Synthesis
No full text<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec>
<jats:title>Background</jats:title>
<jats:p>Understanding how individuals currently perceive healthy eating is essential for developing food policies and dietary recommendations that improve the health and well-being of populations. The purpose of this qualitative evidence synthesis was to systematically outline the views and understandings of healthy eating, focusing on how foods are classified as healthy and unhealthy and what meanings are attached to food and eating by the general adult population in high-income countries.</jats:p>
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<jats:title>Methods</jats:title>
<jats:p>A systematic search of four electronic databases was conducted and yielded 24 relevant primary qualitative studies of generally healthy, community-dwelling adults.</jats:p>
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<jats:title>Results</jats:title>
<jats:p>Thematic synthesis of the included studies identified three analytic themes: constructions of healthy and unhealthy eating, considerations on dietary recommendations, and meanings attached to food and eating. Study participants generally understood what constitutes a healthy and unhealthy diet which was in line with dietary recommendations, but those of lower socioeconomic status exhibited gaps in nutrition knowledge. Participants expressed diverse opinions on dietary recommendations, including skepticism and a lack of trust. Food and eating were associated with various meanings, including pleasure, stress relief, and feelings of guilt. Moral, health, and sociocultural considerations also played a role in dietary behaviors.</jats:p>
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<jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title>
<jats:p>The findings suggest that improving population diet requires considering how dietary recommendations are phrased and communicated to ensure that healthy eating is associated with pleasure and immediate well-being. This review provides valuable insights for developing consumer-oriented, practicable, and acceptable food policies and dietary recommendations that effectively improve population health and well-being.</jats:p>
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Socioeconomic differences in animal food consumption: Education rather than income makes a difference
No full textBACKGROUND/AIMS: Evidence points toward more sustainable and health-conscious dietary behaviors among individuals with higher socioeconomic status. However, these differences vary considerably depending on which indicator of socioeconomic status is examined. Here, we present a systematic parallel investigation of multiple indicators of socioeconomic status as predictors of animal food consumption frequency and selected food-related behaviors in Germany. METHODS: Data from the German subsample of two large representative European consumer studies (Study 1 n = 1,954; Study 2 n = 2,045) was used. We assessed the associations between the socioeconomic indicators income, current occupation as well as education and consumption frequency of animal foods and selected food-related behaviors in separate ordinal logistic regressions. RESULTS: Individuals with higher educational attainment engaged in more sustainable and health-conscious dietary behaviors, indicated by significant associations between educational attainment and the consumption frequency of animal foods. Low- and middle-income participants consumed processed meat more frequently (Study 1 only; medium income: OR 1.5, CI 1.09–2.05, p = 0.012; low income: OR 1.43, CI 1.01–2.05, p = 0.047) and fish less frequently (Study 2 only; medium income: OR 0.76, CI 0.59–0.97, p = 0.026; low income: OR 0.061, CI 0.46–0.82, p < 0.001) than participants with high income. Current occupation did not predict the consumption of animal foods or food-related behaviors. Intake frequency of animal-based foods indicates that most participants exceeded national dietary recommendations for meat and processed meat and remained below recommendations for fish and dairy/eggs intake. CONCLUSION: Educational attainment appears to be the strongest and most consistent socioeconomic indicator of sustainable dietary choices in Germany based on current large, representative studies. Future efforts should be directed toward education interventions about nutrition and interpretation of food labels to compensate for differences in dietary behavior among groups with different levels of education
Evaluation of Integrated Degree Courses at Select Thuringian Higher Education Institutions
No full textDurch die vorliegende Fallstudie sollen Potenziale der Optimierung und Weiterentwicklung sowie Erweiterung der dualen Studienangebote aufgedeckt und Handlungsvorschläge unterbreitet werden. Optimierungsvorschläge werden sich auch auf die empirischen Ergebnisse zu den Modellen und Kooperationen zwischen Hochschulen, Studierenden, den beteiligten Unternehmen und Berufsschulen sowie weiteren Ausbildungsstätten und Kammern stützen.
Die Autorin thematisiert umfassend Aspekte des dualen Studiums in Thüringen. Das duale Studium darf als eine in der öffentlichen und bildungspolitischen Diskussion beachtete Variante einer dualen beruflichen Bildung und eines wenig bekannten Weges in mittlere berufliche Positionen angesehen werden, ebenso befassen sich die Hochschulentwicklung und die Qualifikationsforschung kaum mit diesem Bildungsweg.
Die Arbeit versteht sich als eine Fallstudie zum Stand und zu den Entwicklungsperspektiven des dualen Studiums in Thüringen, beschrieben und untersucht an Studiengängen der Fachhochschulen in Erfurt und Schmalkalden. Kern der Arbeit sind empirische Untersuchungen über die jeweiligen Erfahrungen mit dem dualen Studium und Erwartungen an das duale Studium.The present case study reveals what potential there is for optimising and extending the collaboration of the universities/colleges and the students with the participating business organisations and vocational schools, other training facilities and chambers.
This has become necessary not least because the number of school leavers qualified to go on to university, and of college graduates, leaving the state of Thuringia, and all of eastern Germany, or even Germany as a whole, has been causing a precarious problem for the German economy.
Statistics concerning integrated degree programmes are deficient all over the country. Numerous integrated degree courses are offered by universi¬ties/colleges on their websites and listed in their prospectuses, but detailed statistics about enrolment, students, graduates and dropouts, or course evaluations with a view to the actors are not available. Studies looking in detail into the collaboration between the parties involved are nonexistent. This case study is intended to show on the one hand what offers there are in Thuringia and what advancement is possible.
The Universities of Applied Sciences of Schmalkalden and Erfurt selected for the present study have become aware of the lack of statistics about students in integrated degree courses since they were approached about interviews. Working together with the author the two universities have made good their statistical shortfall and are now continuing to elicit data on that basis
Under the Sign of “Masculinity”
No full textIn ihrer von der Universität Kassel angenommenen Dissertation verfolgt die Germanistin Urte Helduser die diskursiven Verbindungen der frühen Moderne mit den Konstruktionen von Geschlecht anhand einer Reihe von – in der Regel von Männern verfassten – literartheoretischen und -programmatischer Schriften der frühen Moderne. Schnell ist man von ihrer mit reichem Quellenmaterial belegten These überzeugt, dass sich die literarische Moderne um 1900 der Kategorie Geschlecht „zur programmatischen Selbstverständigung“ bediente. (S. 13) Wie die Autorin zeigt, fungierte der Rekurs auf die Kategorie Geschlecht in literarischen Programmen und poetologischen Entwürfen unterschiedlicher Provenienz gegenüber konkurrierenden Modernekonzepten jeweils als „ausschließende Diskursstrategie“. (S. 37)Germanist Urte Helduser’s dissertation (University of Kassel) pursues the construction of gender in early literary theoretical and programmatic texts of modernism mostly written by men. The reader is quickly convinced by her thesis that literary modernists around 1900 used the category of gender as a form of “programmatic self-understanding,” a thesis that she supports with extensive source material (13). As the author shows, the appeal to the category of gender in literary programmatic and poetologic projects, texts of different origin than those representing competing concepts of modernism, functions as an “exclusionary discourse strategy” (37)
Radiative transfer of ultrasound
No full textRadiative transfer theory is used to model the multiple scattering of diffuse ultrasonic waves in two types of random media. The first type is an isotropic, homogeneous medium containing randomly oriented, randomly located scatterers. The scatterers are assumed to be uncorrelated. This assumption allows an equation of transfer to be written which governs the multiply scattered intensities. This ultrasonic radiative transfer equation (URTE) contains single scattering and propagation parameters that are calculated using the elastic wave equation. Polarization effects are included through the introduction of an elastodynamic Stokes vector which contains a longitudinal Stokes parameter and four shear Stokes parameters similar to the four Stokes parameters used in optical radiative transfer theory. The theory is applied to a statistically homogeneous isotropic half space containing randomly distributed spherical voids illuminated by a harmonic plane wave.This approach is then extended to continuous polycrystalline media. In this case, because a representative scatterer is not readily identified, the URTE is derived directly from the elastic wave equation and first principles. Appropriate ensemble averaging of the elastic wave equation leads to Dyson and Bethe-Salpeter equations which govern the mean Green's function and the covariance of the Green's function, respectively. These equations are expanded for weak heterogeneity and the URTE obtained. The result is valid for attenuations that are small compared with a wave number. Along with steady-state solutions, results are presented for the time-dependent intensity backscattered from a polycrystalline medium submerged in a water bath and excited with a short burst of ultrasonic energy. It is shown that the radiative transfer solutions approach the appropriate single scattering and diffusion limits one would expect, providing confidence in the proposed model. It is anticipated that this work may be applicable to microstructural characterization through the study of the time, space, ultrasonic frequency, and angular dependence of diffusely scattered ultrasound in elastic media.Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T12:31:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Consumer attitudes towards dietary behaviors : a mediator between socioeconomic status and diet quality in European adults
No full textBackground: Socioeconomic disparities in dietary behaviors are well-known, but underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We investigated whether consumer attitudes toward dietary behaviors mediate the relationship between socioeconomic factors and diet quality. Methods: This analysis included 4051 adult participants from eight European countries of the I.Family study (2013/2014). Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, and diet quality was measured by adherence to dietary recommendations using the Healthy Dietary Adherence Score. Socioeconomic factors included education, income, and social vulnerabilities (migrant background, experiencing unemployment in the household, single parenthood). Structural equation modeling was used to model pathways between predictors, outcome, and mediators, which also allowed for accounting of the clustered study design, incorporating random intercepts for country. Results: Education and income were positively, and unemployment was negatively associated with diet quality. Attitudes reflecting favorable dietary behaviors were positively associated with diet quality, while unfavorable attitudes were inversely associated. Analysis of the path between socioeconomic factors and attitudes revealed a heterogeneous association pattern. Trusting food advertisements and frequently using ready-to-eat foods partially mediated the association between education, income, and diet quality. The association between single parenthood and diet quality was fully mediated by comparing food labels, valuing organic products, and using ready-to-eat foods. Conclusion: Our findings suggest a mediating role of consumer attitudes in the association between socioeconomic factors and diet quality, but results were not consistent across socioeconomic factors. Our findings may inform the development of interventions and regulations promoting healthy diet, such as restricting food advertisments.Peer reviewe
El Planetario de Pamplona: 30 años de cultura científica en Navarra [Iruñeko Planetarioa: kultura zientifikoak 30 urte Nafarroan]
No full textThe author makes a personal analysis of the trajectory of the Pamplona Planetarium in the context of Spanish science centres and the trends in science communication that have developed over the last three decades. The publicly-owned centre in Navarre, which celebrates its thirtieth anniversary in 2023, has been configured as one of the most active nodes in the connection between science and society, maintaining this role as new agents have been incorporated to form an advanced and rich ecosystem, but one that still has shortcomings and needs. El autor realiza un análisis personal de la trayectoria del Planetario de Pamplona en el contexto de los centros de ciencia españoles y las tendencias en comunicación de la ciencia que se han ido desarrollando en los tres últimos decenios. El centro navarro, de titularidad pública, que celebra en 2023 su trigésimo aniversario, se ha ido configurando como uno de los nodos más activos de la conexión entre ciencia y sociedad, manteniendo ese papel conforme se iban incorporando nuevos agentes que forman actualmente un ecosistema avanzado y rico, pero todavía con carencias y necesidades.Egileak Iruñeko Planetarioak egindako ibilbidearen azterketa pertsonala egiten du, Espainiako zientzia zentroen testuinguruan, eta azken hiru hamarkadetan zientziaren komunikazioan garatu diren joerak kontuan hartuta. Planetarioa titulartasun publikokoa da, eta 2023an hogeita hamargarren urteurrena ospatzen ari da. Zientziaren eta gizartearen arteko loturaren eragile aktiboenetakoa izatera iritsi da, eginkizun horri eutsi baitio eragile berriak sartu ahala. Eragile horiek ekosistema aurreratu eta aberats bat osatzen dute gaur egun, baina oraindik ere gabezia eta behar handiak ditu
Amable Arias en la vanguardia vasca
No full textAmable Arias, sufrió a los 9 años un grave accidente que provocó una fractura de la pelvis que le produciría diversos trastornos a lo largo de su existencia. Trasladado a los 15 años con su familia a San Sebastián, llegó a ser un personaje notable del mundo artístico de esa ciudad. En el presente trabajo se intenta ilustrar la relación entre sus producciones plásticas y literarias con algunos avatares de su existencia, como la constelación edípica, la emigración, sus depresiones y el compromiso con la vanguardia y la política vascas de la generación de la postguerra. También se aborda la relación de su producción artística con sus alteraciones corporales. En ese sentido, se intenta finalmente hacer un paralelismo con la gran pintora mejicana Frida Kahlo.Amable Ariasek, 9 urte zituela, istripu larri bat izan zuen, pelbisa hautsi zuen eta horrek hainbat arazo eragin zizkion bizitza osoan zehar. Handik, 15 urte zituelarik, Donostiara joan zen familiarekin eta pertsonaia nabarmena izatera iritsi zen hiri horretako arte munduan. Azterlan honetan, bere produkzio plastiko eta literarioen eta haren existentziaren gorabehera batzuen -konstelazio edipikoa, emigrazioa, depresioak eta gerra ondoko euskal abangoardia eta politikarekiko konpromisoa-arteko harremanak argitzen saiatzen gara. Era berean, arte produkzioaren eta gorputz aldakuntzen arteko harremanari ekiten diogu gero. Ildo horretatik, azkenik Frida Kahlorekiko paralelismoa egiten saiatzen gara.Amable Arias fut victime d'un grave accident à l'âge de 9 ans qui lui provoqua une fracture du bassin dont il souffrit tout au long de son existence. Il déménagea avec sa famille à Saint-Sébastien où il se distingua dans le monde artistique. Dans ce travail on tente d'illustrer la relation entre ses productions plastiques et littéraires avec quelques événements fâcheux de son existence, comme la constellation oedipienne, l'émigration, ses dépressions et le compromis avec l'avant-garde et la politique basque de la génération de l'après-guerre. On aborde également la relation de sa production artistique avec ses modifications corporelles. Dans ce sens, on tente finalement de faire un parallélisme avec la grande peintre mexicaine Frida Kahlo.Amable Arias, when he was 9 years old, suffered a serious accident that provoked a pelvis fracture that would bring him him various affections throughout his existence. After some years he moved with his family to San Sebastian, where he was to become a notable character of the artistic world of that town. The present work attempts to illustrate the relation between his plastic and literary productions with certain avatars of his existence, like the oedipal constellation, emigration, his depressions and the commitment with the Basque vanguard and politics in the postwar generation. The relationship between his artistic production and his corporal alterations is also studied. In that sense, the author finally attempts to make a parallelism with the great Mexican painter Frida Kahlo
