36 research outputs found
ETHICS IN MEDICAL EDUCATION IN CHINA: DISTINGUISHING EDUCATION OF ETHICS IN MEDICINE FROM MORAL PREACHING
No full textAcknowledgement -- Foreword / Qiu Rensong -- Introduction: a symbolic point of departure / Ole Doring -- Ethics and medical education / Du Zhizheng -- The Human Genome Project and its social impact: to educate the educators / Yang Huanming -- Education of medical ethics in China for the 21st century / Chen Renbiao, Qiu Xiangxing and Gao Zhiyan -- Reflections about how to compile teaching materials in Chinese medical ethics education / Ke Binzheng -- Bringing ethics to life: a personal statement on teaching medical ethics / Nie Jingbao -- Ethics education in medicine and moral preaching: reflections on a triangular relationship and its human core / Ole Doring -- A Confucian theory of medical ethics education / Lee Shui-chuen -- The concept of informed consent in German medical ethics / Nikola Biller-Andorno -- How does ethical decision-making enter clinical decision-making: a teacher's view on the role of clinical ethics in medicine education / Li Lun -- The legal status of euthanasia (anlesi) and its impact on medical education / Zhai Xiaomei -- The role of physical evidence in forensic practice / Li Shenbin, Gao Fang, Yang Huanming -- The important role of case studies in ethical teaching in medical education / Zhang Bin -- Medical ethics education in forensic science / Zhao Hui, Zhao Baohua, Li Caixia, Li Shenbing -- Ideas on reforming medical ethics education of China / Liu Xinshe, Han Wie, Li Shenbin -- Review 1: ethics education or moral preaching? -- Review 2: Sino-German international workshop "Ethics in medical education in China" -- Address of author
Characterization of morpho-agronomic traits and powdery mildew resistance in mung bean (Vigna radiata)
No full textThis research article was published by research square, 2024Background: Exploring genetic variation and screening for disease resistance is an important step in crop breeding initiatives but is lacking for many bean varieties including mung bean. The present study evaluated the diversity of 42 morpho-agronomic traits and screened mung bean genotypes for resistance to powdery mildew disease. A total of 132 mung bean and rice bean (R200) genotypes (as checks) were evaluated in an augmented incomplete block design across two cropping seasons. Pivot tables were used to analyse qualitative data, whereas the variation of 13 quantitative traits was examined using the generalized linear model (PROC GLM), agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC), and principal component analysis (PCA).
Result: The genotypes displayed a wide variation for the majority of traits evaluated and significant differences were observed among genotypes, block effect, and between seasons. Similarly, the effects due to checks, genotypes, and genotypes and controls were significant. One mung bean (G32) genotype and one rice bean (R200) exhibited resistance to powdery mildew under field conditions. Principal component analysis revealed that the first four PCs explained 59.77% of the total variation among the genotypes studied. In addition, cluster analysis grouped all the genotypes into four major clusters.
Conclusion: The trait variation recorded and resistance to powdery mildew disease provide valuable insight for developing breeding strategies especially with respect to reducing losses in mung bean and rice bean to powdery mildew
Mechanism of chirality conversion of crystals by Viedma ripening and temperature cycling
No full textGrinding chiral crystals in a saturated solution (Viedma ripening) and changing temperature of crystal suspension (temperature cycling) have become promising methods to convert chirality of crystals, and thereby chirality of molecules under racemizing condition of molecules. We discuss mechanisms of these processes by reviewing proposed mathematical models such as mass reaction rate equations, Becker-Doring models, various Monte Carlo models, and population balance models
Break, Repair, Learn, Break Less: Investigating User Preferences for Assignment of Divergent Phrasing Learning Burden in Human-Agent Interaction to Minimize Conversational Breakdowns
No full textConversational agents (CA) occasionally fail to understand the user's intention or respond inappropriately due to natural language complexity. These conversational breakdowns can happen because of low intent and entity prediction confidence scores. A promising repair strategy in such cases is that the CA proposes to users likely alternatives to proceed. If one of these options matches the user's intention, the breakdown is repaired successfully. We propose that successful repairs should be followed by a learning mechanism to minimize future breakdowns. After a successful repair, the CA, user, or both can learn each other's specific phrasing. This prevents similar phrasings from causing reoccurring breakdowns. We compared user preferences for these learning mechanisms in a scenario-based study with manufacturing workers (). Our result showed that users first prefer to share the learning burden with the CA (61.3%), followed by entirely outsourcing the learning burden to the CA (60.7%) as opposed to themselves.Internet of Thing
Sobre la representación del espacio y nuestra cultura visual contemporánea
No full textLa pregunta que pretende responder este trabajo está relacionada con la forma en que el arte en general, y el arte moderno en particular (limitada a la expresión pictórica en ambos casos), han representado al espacio real en planos netamente bidimensionales (superficies planas). En función de este objetivo, el autor sostiene que el punto de vista del espectador juega un papel fundamental, por lo que resulta igualmente importante considerar el tiempo histórico en que las obras de arte fueron creadas pues ayuda a explicar la recepción que se hacen de ellas: por lo general la representación del espacio en la pintura va acompañada de símbolos o valores cuyos significados difieren de un espectador a otro, dependiendo del tiempo de su exposición. Así, el autor sostiene que cualquier representación artística en cualquier estilo (figurativa o abstracta) contiene una representación implícita de espacio. Esta premisa se entiende mejor si también investigamos cómo nuestros ojos perciben las imágenes (cuerpos, figuras) que son representadas en planos bidimensionales y, de la misma manera, si diferenciamos entre el espacio pictórico y el espacio real.The main question that this paper tries to answer is how painting in general, and modern painting in particular, represents the real space (which has three dimensions) on a bi-dimensional plane (canvas, paper, mural). According to this aim, the author develops an approach where the point of view of the spectator is extremely important, remarking also the time when the artwork was created in order to understand better its historical reception: usually, the representation of space in painting contains symbols or values which meanings differ from one spectator to another, depending on the time of its exhibition. As the author states, any artistic representation in any style (figurative or even abstract) contains space. In order to appreciate better this premise, it is important also to investigate how our eyes perceive the images (bodies, figures) that are represented on bi-dimensional planes, as well as to understand the existence of two different realities linked to this question: the painterly space and the real space
The association of a SNP upstream of INSIG2 with body mass index is reproduced in several but not all cohorts
No full textA SNP upstream of the INSIG2 gene, rs7566605, was recently found to be associated with obesity as measured by body mass index (BMI) by Herbert and colleagues. The association between increased BMI and homozygosity for the minor allele was first observed in data from a genome-wide association scan of 86,604 SNPs in 923 related individuals from the Framingham Heart Study offspring cohort. The association was reproduced in four additional cohorts, but was not seen in a fifth cohort. To further assess the general reproducibility of this association, we genotyped rs7566605 in nine large cohorts from eight populations across multiple ethnicities (total n = 16,969). We tested this variant for association with BMI in each sample under a recessive model using family-based, population-based, and case-control designs. We observed a significant (p < 0.05) association in five cohorts but saw no association in three other cohorts. There was variability in the strength of association evidence across examination cycles in longitudinal data from unrelated individuals in the Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort. A combined analysis revealed significant independent validation of this association in both unrelated (p = 0.046) and family-based (p = 0.004) samples. The estimated risk conferred by this allele is small, and could easily be masked by small sample size, population stratification, or other confounders. These validation studies suggest that the original association is less likely to be spurious, but the failure to observe an association in every data set suggests that the effect of SNP rs7566605 on BMI may be heterogeneous across population samples
Effect of mole weight ratio of reaction on propagation of cellular detonations
No full textThe propagation of two-dimensional cellular detonations is investigated numerically using a one-step reversible reaction model. The effect of the average mole weight ratio W-B/W-A of the product and reactant on the one-dimensional Zeldovich-von Neumann-Doring (ZND) detonation and cellular detonation behavior is analyzed in detail. Several interesting cellular detonation phenomena are observed in the numerical simulations. These can be divided into five categories according to the cell patterns of detonation, i.e., regular, relatively regular, irregular, half-cell propagating, and decoupled detonation. The results indicate that differences in cell size under different values of W-B/W-A modify the cellular detonation behavior. The ZND detonation parameters under various W-B/W-A values are studied and related to the cell size. The results show that the reaction zone length and maximum heat release rate are clearly influenced by W-B/W-A. Furthermore, for both ZND detonation and cellular detonation, the reaction zone length decreases as W-B/W-A increases, which effectively reduces the cell size. To elucidate the effects of the reaction zone length on cell size, thermoacoustic instability theory is introduced to investigate the acoustic perturbations in the reaction zone. This allows the correlation between the propagation frequency and cell number along the width of the duct to be determined. Correlation analysis indicates that the cell number has a strong linear dependence on the perturbation frequency. (C) 2022 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Effect of mole weight ratio of reaction on propagation of cellular detonations
No full textThe propagation of two-dimensional cellular detonations is investigated numerically using a one-step reversible reaction model. The effect of the average mole weight ratio W-B/W-A of the product and reactant on the one-dimensional Zeldovich-von Neumann-Doring (ZND) detonation and cellular detonation behavior is analyzed in detail. Several interesting cellular detonation phenomena are observed in the numerical simulations. These can be divided into five categories according to the cell patterns of detonation, i.e., regular, relatively regular, irregular, half-cell propagating, and decoupled detonation. The results indicate that differences in cell size under different values of W-B/W-A modify the cellular detonation behavior. The ZND detonation parameters under various W-B/W-A values are studied and related to the cell size. The results show that the reaction zone length and maximum heat release rate are clearly influenced by W-B/W-A. Furthermore, for both ZND detonation and cellular detonation, the reaction zone length decreases as W-B/W-A increases, which effectively reduces the cell size. To elucidate the effects of the reaction zone length on cell size, thermoacoustic instability theory is introduced to investigate the acoustic perturbations in the reaction zone. This allows the correlation between the propagation frequency and cell number along the width of the duct to be determined. Correlation analysis indicates that the cell number has a strong linear dependence on the perturbation frequency. (C) 2022 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Agricultural and Economic Convergence in the EU Integration Process: Do Geographical Relationships Matter?
No full textIn the light of the reaffirmed importance of agricultural convergence within the integration process, the paper provides a preliminary investigation of the impact of the enlargement from the EU-15 to the EU-27 on agricultural real b-convergence and, with reference to the EU-27, of its relationship with economic catching-up process. The empirical analysis, based on a GWR approach, takes into account the regional spatial interdependences in estimating local parameters of convergence. The approach adopted allows to overcome the contradictory results from OLS estimations and parametric spatial econometric models pointed out by the literature and primarily connected to the existence of no unique convergence rate all over Europe. The analysis is based on a sample of 259 EU-27 regions at NUTS 2 level and is referred to the time period from 1991-2007.Regional convergence, Spatial analysis, GWR approach, International Relations/Trade,
