75,887 research outputs found
The Internationalisation (Transnationalisation) of the SME Sector as a Factor of Competitiveness
No full textAs part of a wider research program we analysed the theoretical frameworks and the developments of the process of internationalisation (transnationalisation) of small- and medium-sized enterprises in the European Union and specifically in Hungary and Spain. We tried to highlight the barriers and trends of internationalisation. We consider internationalisation of the SME sector as a crucial factor in increasing competitiveness and as an important condition for sustainable and dynamic growth and improving employment (Europe 2020). We made policy recommendation mostly for the government in terms of how to promote the process. We carried out analyses of documents and databases, interviews, and online data collection
The Benefits of Being Economics Professor A (and not Z)
No full textAlphabetic name ordering on multi-authored academic papers, which is the convention in the economics discipline and various other disciplines, is to the advantage of people whose last name initials are placed early in the alphabet. As it turns out, Professor A, who has been a first author more often than Professor Z, will have published more articles and experienced afaster growth rate over the course of her career as a result of reputation and visibility. Moreover, authors know that name ordering matters and indeed take ordering seriously: Several characteristics of an author group composition determine the decision to deviate from the default alphabetic name order to a significant extent.performance measurement, incentives, economists, name ordering
Przedstawianie rzeczywistości jest jej częścią i odwrotnie: Krzysztof Gajewski, Reprezentacje komunizmu. PRL z perspektywy badań literackich i kulturowych
No full textThis essay contains reflections on the problems of discourse that appear in analyzing written historical sources. The author refers to Krzysztof Gajewski’s book, Reprezentacje komunizmu. PRL z perspektywy badań literackich i kulturowych [The Representation of Communism: The PPR from the Perspective of Literary and Cultural Studies] (2018). The primary findings concern the necessity of taking into account the linguistic framework of the given era
Final word on Jersey Dutch
No full textIn this article, William Z. Shetter compares and contrasts the dialects that developed between different Dutch colonies in the New World. He explores in-depth the nuances of Jersey Dutch, and provides theories to explain how Dutch and colonial languages blended. The article is reprinted from American Speech, December 1958, Volum XXXIII, No. 4
Internationalisation (Transnationalisation) of the Enterprise Sector
No full textAbstract:
As part of a wider research program we analysed the theoretical framework and the recent developments of the process of internationalisation (transnationalisation) of the small- and medium-sized enterprises generally in the European Union and with a specific view on Hungary and Spain. We tried to highlight the trends and barriers of internationalisation. We carried out document analyses, interviews, analyses of statistical databases and an own data collection with online survey
Modifying somatotopy in the primary motor cortex after facial nerve lesions in adult rats
No full textModifying somatotopy in the primary motor cortex after facial nerve lesions in adult rats
No full textFacial nerve injury-induced disinhibition in the primary motor cortices of both hemispheres
No full textUnilateral facial nerve transection induces plastic reorganization of the somatotopic order in the primary motor cortex area (MI). This process is biphasic and starts with a transient disinhibition of connections between cortical areas in both hemispheres. Little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Here, cortical excitability has been studied by paired pulse electrical stimulation, applied either within the MI or peripherally to the trigeminal nerve, while the responses were recorded bilaterally in the MI. The ratios between the amplitudes of the second and first evoked potentials (EPs or fEPSPs) were taken as measures of the inhibitory capacity in the MI ipsilateral or contralateral to the nerve injury. A skin wound or unilateral facial nerve exposure immediately caused a transient facilitation, which was followed by a reset to some level of inhibition in the MI on both sides. After facial nerve transection, the first relatively mild reduction of inhibition started shortly (within 10 min) after denervation. This was followed by a second step, involving a stronger decrease in inhibition, 40-45 min later. Previous publications have proved that sensory nerve injury (deafferentation) induces disinhibition in corresponding areas of the sensory cortex. It is now demonstrated that sham operation and, to an even greater extent, unilateral transection of the purely motoric facial nerve (deefferentation), each induce extended disinhibition in the MIs on both sides
Influence of sample preparation optimization on the accuracy of dose assessment of an automatic non-fluorescent MN scoring system
No full textPurpose: Automatizing the scoring of the cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus assay spares a lot of valuable time. The dose-effect relationship can be applied reliably for dose estimation if the quality of the slides is the same from the perspective of the used image processing algorithm. This aspect brings in additional requirements against the quality of the slides compared to the conventional visual scoring. Materials and methods: An add-in software was created to the non-fluorescent RS-MN automatic MN scoring system which is capable of measuring quantitatively the degree of typical anomalies. The image processing is less reliable when the presence of these anomalies is more frequent. The behavior of the designed sample quality parameters (SQPs) was tested on in vitro irradiated peripheral blood samples (0, 1, and 2 Gy) obtained from a healthy donor and also on samples from patients undergoing low dose-rate brachytherapy. Results: We examined 20 different SQPs and identified two that are independent and correlate significantly with the error of the fully automatic MN frequency. One is related to the size of the cells and the other reflects the homogeneity of the environment. An equation was established which presents a connection between the error of the auto MN frequency and the SQPs. By adding a fourth cleaning step to the conventional sample preparation and changing the pre-dripping temperature of the slide, the SQP can be modified, and consequently, the sample quality can be improved. The gain in accuracy is 54 ± 10 MN per 1000 binucleated cells, which corresponds to the effects of 0.5 Gy. Around the lowest limit of detection (<0.5 Gy), it means a 50–100% drop in the error of dose, which is significant. With sample quality harmonization, the positive predictive value was raised to 80–93% depending on the dose. Conclusions: With the technique described in this paper, the suitability for automated scoring of a micronucleus slide can be tested quantitatively and objectively. A method is presented with which in some cases the uncertainty of the assessed doses due to variance in sample quality can be decreased or if it is not possible its bias can be predicted. The proposed protocol leads to more reliable estimation of dose. The SQPs are designed in a way that they have the potential to be adapted to similar systems
Do spółdzielni produkcyjnej i z powrotem. Przemiany własności w powojennych narracjach pamiętnikarskich
No full textThe article analyses representations of the experience of changes in ownership in the diaries of Poles ideologically involved in creating production cooperatives in Poland after WWII. The author uses unpublished archival materials from the competition for “New Peasants Diaries” [Nowe pamiętniki chłopów, 1955–1956] and diaries published in the volumes Young Rural Generation of the Polish People’s Republic [„Młode pokolenie wsi Polski Ludowej”, 1963–1967]. The first part of the article focuses on the experiences and hopes associated with the process of creating socialist ownership and tries to answer the question of how cooperative members understood the challenges of the future in the context of socialism. Following this, the article analyses the diaries of rural youth. These narratives describe the process of liquidating the cooperatives and how the idea of production cooperatives existedafter 1956.
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słowa kluczowe: pamiętniki, spółdzielnie produkcyjne, kolektywizacja, socjalizm,własność, historia ludowaArtykuł dotyczy analizy reprezentacji doświadczenia przemian własnościowych w pamiętnikach osób zaangażowanych ideowo w tworzenie spółdzielni produkcyjnych w Polsce po drugiej wojnie światowej. Autorka korzysta z większości nieopublikowanych materiałów archiwalnych z konkursu na „Nowe pamiętniki chłopów” (nadsyłanych w latach 1955-1956) oraz wypowiedzi opublikowanych w tomach „Młode pokolenie wsi Polski Ludowej” (1963-1977). Pierwsza część artykułu skupia się na doświadczeniach i nadziejach związanych z procesem tworzenia własności socjalistycznej, starając się odpowiedzieć na pytanie jak członkowie spółdzielni rozumieli wymagania przyszłości w kontekście socjalizmu. W kolejnych częściach artykułu analizowane są narracje młodego pokolenia, które opisuje proces likwidacji tej własności, a także sposoby istnienia idei spółdzielni po 1956 roku
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