315 research outputs found
Supplemental Material - Poisoning patterns and factors associated with treatment outcomes among patients: A case study of Kiambu county hospitals, Kenya
No full textSupplemental Material for Poisoning patterns and factors associated with treatment outcomes among patients: A case study of Kiambu county hospitals, Kenya by James Maina Githinji, Michael Mungoma, Kinara Fossa, Jesse Ngugi, Samwel Ondiek, Prabhjot Juttla, Alfred Owino Odongo, Moses Ndiritu and Magoma Mwancha-Kwasa in Toxicology Research and Application</p
Vision, Image and Symbol
No full textDuring the Fifties and the Early Sixties Hans Jonas developed a theory of man based on a series of concepts as separation of form from matter, image and symbol. By reflecting on these themes, Jonas seems to refer to the aesthetic abilities man embodies as the essence of human life. In this article I try to analyse Jonas’ thoughts on man and to determine to what extent it is possible to consider his theory as an aesthetic anthropology. Eventually, I discuss what Aesthetics may win by directing its attention to this author.</p
Etica funzionale. Considerazioni filosofiche sulla teoria dell’agire morale artificiale
No full textThe purpose of Machine Ethics is to develop autonomous technologies that are able to manage not just the technical aspects of a tasks, but also the ethical ones. As a consequence, the notion of Artificial Moral Agent (AMA) has become a fundamental element of the discussion. Its meaning, however, remains rather unclear. Depending on the author or the context, the same expression stands for essentially different concepts. This casts a suspicious light on the philosophical significance of Machine Ethics. In particular, the risk arises of discarding Machine Ethics as a whole on the basis of accusations that, however, apply exclusively to one specific understanding of what AMAs are – but not to other, more adequate and convincing conceptualisations. To avoid this pitfall, this essay tries to elaborate a philosophically sound interpretation of AMAs and to sketch its primary component, i.e., the notion of functional ethics
Hematomas na fossa craniana posterior Haematomata in the posterior fossa
No full textSão relatados 6 casos de hematomas sub-tentorias (um de hematoma subdural crônico, quatro de hematomas intra-cerebelares, um de hematoma extra-dural). Salientando a pequena freqüência dos hematomas da fossa craniana posterior, o autor mostra a necessidade de vários exames complementares para o diagnóstico exato, indispensável para a aplicação de terapêutica cirúrgica adequada.Six cases of sub-tentorial haematomata (one chronic sub-dural, four intra-cerebellar, one extra-dural) are reported. Emphasizing the relative rarity of haematomata in the posterior cranial fossa, the author claims the necessity of complementary examinations for proper diagnosis, indispensable for adequate surgical treatment
Prevalence and determinants of self-reported hypertension in urban poor settlements of Johannesburg
No full textA research report submitted to the School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Epidemiology and Biostatistics. November 2017.Background: Hypertension is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease in Africa. Cardiovascular disease is rated as the number one cause of death in Africa. Previously, hypertension was known to predominantly affect the affluent population but recently the condition has been emerging even among the poorer population, rendering it a greater burden. In South Africa its prevalence level has significantly escalated, particularly in urban areas, with higher incidence among the poor. The prevalence of self-reported hypertension and its risk factors is not well documented in the urban impoverished settlements. Understanding determinants and the prevalence of self-reported hypertension in these areas will help develop improved awareness, prevention and control strategies. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and determinants of self-reported hypertension in five urban impoverished sites in Johannesburg, South Africa.
Methods: Secondary data analysis was done on data from the HEAD study which involved a sample of households from five urban poor areas. Prevalence levels of self-reported hypertension were estimated within the study areas. Summary measures of the data were computed and presented in a descriptive table. Distribution of the potential risk factors by prevalence of self-reported hypertension was also done. Lastly, binary logistic regression was used to model the unadjusted and adjusted association between the identified risk factors and self-reported hypertension.
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Results: The prevalence of self-reported hypertension among households in the five urban impoverished sites was 20 percent (n=107). The independent predictors of hypertension were study area (Riverlea, Hillbrow), race, age, gender (0.25-0.49 and ≥0.75), work (0.5-0.74, and ≥0.75), monthly income (ZAR 1000-2000, 2001-5000, and >5000), presence of another non-communicable disease and socioeconomic status (middle). Results from the adjusted model showed that race, sex, age and presence of at least one other non-communicable disease are were significantly associated with self-reported hypertension
Conclusion: The study’s findings strengthen the case that age, sex, race, and co-morbid non-communicable diseases are associated with self-reported hypertension. Interventions that target the urban poor population and that focus on increasing awareness and context specific risk reduction are recommended. Further, the association with these factors should be confirmed by carrying out a more robust population-based study to inform policyLG201
Avaliação técnico-econômica de alternativas de lodos ativados no tratamento de esgotos domésticos
No full textTCC(graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro Tecnológico. Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental.O tratamento de esgotos no Brasil situa-se num cenário de grandes desafios, sendo o sistema de Lodos Ativados uma importante tecnologia, largamente utilizada e com elevada eficiência de tratamento. Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar os custos e benefícios de três sistemas de tratamento de esgotos, por variantes da tecnologia de lodos ativados, dimensionados para atender uma população de 100.000 habitantes. É estabelecido um cenário de mesmos parâmetros ambientais para as alternativas consideradas, com as seguintes premissas: (i) necessidade de 90% de eficiência na remoção de carga orgânica (DQO); (ii) necessidade de nitrificação (80%) e (iii) desnitrificação (60%); (iv) estabilização do lodo por processos aeróbios ou anaeróbios.Para estabelecer a comparação entre as alternativas, é aplicada a metodologia de custo do ciclo de vida. Esta metodologia se traduz num método de cálculo da totalidade dos custos inerentes ao projeto, durante toda a vida do mesmo. Os custos e benefícios associados aos respectivos sistemas de tratamento de esgotos são identificados e classificados. Os custos refletem todas as despesas do projeto em questão, desde as primeiras despesas até o fim da vida útil do projeto, e são classificados como custos de investimento inicial, e custos de OM&R (operação, manutenção e reparação). Com o objetivo de simplificar o estudo, o custo de desidratação do lodo não será considerado, apenas será considerado o custo para disposição de lodo em aterro sanitário. Os custos das alternativas avaliadas relevam principalmente os seguintes aspectos: área construída, custos de implantação de obras civis e aquisição de equipamentos, consumo de energia, custo de disposição de lodo, potencial de aproveitamento energético do biogás
La réception d'André Gide dans la presse italienne (1895-1947)
No full textThis study focuses André Gide’s reception in the Italian press, starting from 1895, date of the first mention of the author’s name in a periodical, up to 1947, when he was awarded with the Nobel Prize. This long period is characterised by significant historical changes which profoundly affected the world of culture and literature in Europe and, more particularly, in Italy. Between the end of the 19th century to the second post-war period, two world conflicts, twenty years of dictatorship and a civil war led to an evolution of the Italian society, culture and literature. All these changes represent the historical background of Gide’s reception. Leading public figure and great European, Gide cultivates a preferential relationship with Italy; at first, this country is the destination of his first trips and, a short while afterward, a place of work and of dialogue with the local intelligentsia. The considerable presence of the author in the Italian newspapers and magazines reflects the importance of his works in Italy.
My work consisted in two different phases. First, the researching phase, in which I gathered articles and unpublished materials to trace Gide’s presence in the Italian cultural network. Second, the analysing phase, in which I studied the whole material from a critical perspective. The two world wars mark two periods of difficulty in the cultural contacts within Europe and determine the irreversible change of the panorama of the following years. For this reason, I decided to draw up a chronological partition, based on the evolution of the receiving country. I divided my study into three periods: the first one lasts from 1895 to the end of the First World War (1918); the second one, from 1919 to 1943, covers the interwar period and the beginning of the Second World War; the third one, is from the end of fascism (1943) to 1947. Through the analysis of the Italian articles devoted to Gide, which constitute my primary corpus, I will define the critical perspective of Italian intellectuals about the French writer. At the same time, the precise definition of the author’s historical and biographical relations with Italy will be essential to draw a panorama of cross-relations: the interest of Italian intellectuals in contemporary French literature overlaps with Gide’s interest in Italian culture and literature
Clinical observation on posterior fossa tumors
No full text의학과/석사[한글]
[영문]
The posterior fossa, which contains about one fourth of the intracranial contents, is the site of known about tow thirds of pediatric intracranial tumors.
In adults such tumors are less common and the prognosis may be very poor.
However, it is important to recognize the earliest symptoms because of the relatively high ease rate of operable management and the possibility for a high cure rate in some cases.
A series of 51 pathologically verified posterior fossa tumors seen at the Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University, Severance Hospital over several years were studied. These tumors were explored surgically, and the diagnosis being made through histological examination.
The cases were reviewed as to history, development and progression of the neurological features, laboratory findings, roentgenograms, differential diagnosis, operative methods and findings, and pathology. The author emphasized some interesting points which are illustrated as follows;
1. Among 51 cases of posterior fossa tumors, 25 cases of acoustic neuroma, 9cases of astrocytoma, 9 cases of medulloblastoma, 2 cases of ependymoma, 3 cases of pontine glioma and 3 cases of cysticercosis in the fourth ventricle were found,
comprising 21 males and 30 females.
2. The 25 operated cases of acoustic neuroma were between the age of 20 and 60. Eighteen cases (69.2%) of the remaining posterior fossa tumors were below the age
of 15.
3. The author was able to make the correct plain film diagnosis of acoustic neuroma in 13 cases(52%) of 25 cases. The prominent angiographic and ventriculographic finding of posterior fossa tumors was ventricular dilatation.
4. Ventriculogram was very important in the diagnosis of the fourth ventricle tumors. The conray ventriculogram had the special benefit in accurately outlining and demonstrating the invasive pattern of fourth ventricle tumors.
The Conray showed C.S.F. flow in malignant and other large tumors in the fourth ventricle better than was shown by previous pneumo-ventriculograms.
5. The Electroencephalogram showed an abnormal pattern in 62.2 per cent of 29 posterior fossa tumors.restrictio
Longitudinal cerebellar diffusion tensor imaging changes in posterior fossa syndrome
No full textAbstractPosterior fossa syndrome is a severe transient loss of language that frequently complicates resection of tumors of the cerebellum. The associated pathophysiology and relevant anatomy to this language deficit remains controversial. We performed a retrospective analysis of all cerebellar tumor resections at Seattle Children's Hospital from 2010 to 2015. Diffusion tensor imaging was performed on each of the patients as part of their clinical scan. Patients included in the study were divided into groups based on language functioning following resection: intact (N=19), mild deficit (N=19), and posterior fossa syndrome (N=9). Patients with posterior fossa syndrome showed white matter changes evidenced by reductions in fractional anisotropy in the left and right superior cerebellar peduncle following resection, and these changes were still evident 1-year after surgery. These changes were greater in the superior cerebellar peduncle than elsewhere in the cerebellum. Prior to surgery, posterior fossa patients did not show changes in fractional anisotropy however differences were observed in mean and radial diffusivity measures in comparison to other groups which may provide a radiographic marker of those at greatest risk of developing post-operative language loss
Incidence Of Clavicular Rhomboid Fossa (impression For Costoclavicular Ligament) In The Brazilian Population: Forensic Application.
No full textIn the last years, anthropology has been widely explored mainly when related to bones due to its morphologic characteristics, such as the rhomboid fossa of the clavicle. This study examined the incidence of the rhomboid fossa in paired clavicles of Brazilian subjects obtained from 209 adult bodies of known age and sex (107 males and 102 females) on which postmortem examinations had been performed by the senior author. The data were submitted to qualitative statistical analysis according to Fisher. There was a statistical difference (p= 5.98 x 10-23) between sexes related to the frequency of the rhomboid fossa. The fossa was absent in 97,1% of the female clavicles and the incidence of bilateral fossa was present in 2,9% of females. The incidence of bilateral fossa was 29% for male clavicles. The sexual or side differences in the incidence of the fossa could be found in this study, and qualitative analysis can corroborate sex determination of unidentified bodies in forensic medicine.2712-
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