131,139 research outputs found
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
On the various strategies for cancer treatment with the Plasma Gun
No full textInternational audienceThis contribution consists in the state of art on the in vivo experiments performed for yet with the plasma source developed for years at GREMI, so called Plasma Gun (PG) [1], for cancer treatment following various approaches and plasma delivery strategies. Beyond the first demonstration for in vivo tumor regression achieved with the FE-DBD [2] on subcutaneous heterotopic brain tumors and successive plasma-induced biological process analysis [3], PG has been used in various tumor treatment protocols. Tumor regression following PG treatment was proven for orthotopic pancreatic carcinoma alone or in combination with chemotherapy delivery [4], but also for orthotopic colorectal tumor models. While these two later experiments emphasized the possibility to deliver single or multiple plasma fractions on fragile organs, a more relevant protocol for therapeutic applications was also recently reported [5] dealing with mouse lung tissue inflammation induced through endoscopic PG plasma delivery. These lung inflammation studies have proven the potentialities of plasma delivery using a micro and flexible plasma endoscope based on PG technology performed with very moderate gas flow rate. Finally, a different approach based on in situ locoregional plasma-induced tissue oxygenation was recently reported opening new opportunities for combined plasma and chemotherapeutic or radiotherapeutic strategies. This work is supported through APR Région Centre PLASMED and PLASMEDNORM and ANR 2010 BLAN 093003. References [1] E. Robert, V. Sarron, D. Riès, S. Dozias, M. Vandamme and J.M. Pouvesle Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 21 034017 (2012). [2] M. Vandamme, E. Robert, S. Pesnel, E. Barbosa, S. Dozias, J. Sobilo, S. Lerondel, A. Le Pape and J.M. Pouvesle Plasma Process. Polym.7:264-73 (2010). [3] M. Vandamme, E. Robert, S. Lerondel, V. Sarron, D. Riès, S. Dozias, J. Sobilo, D. Gosset, C. Kieda, B. Legrain, J.M. Pouvesle and A. Le Pape Int J Cancer. doi: 10.1002/ijc.26252 (2011). [4] L. Brullé, M. Vandamme, D. Riès, E. Martel, E. Robert, S. Lerondel, V. Trichet, S. Richard, J.M. Pouvesle and A. Le Pape Plos one 7 (12) e52653 (2012). [5] E. Robert, M. Vandamme, L. Brullé, S. Lerondel, A. Le Pape, V. Sarron, D. Riès, T. Darny, S. Dozias, G. Collet, C. Kieda and J.M. Pouvesle Clinical Plasma Medicine, http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.cpme.2013.10.002i (2013). [6] G. Collet, E. Robert, A. Lenoir, M. Vandamme, T. Darny, S. Dozias, C. Kieda and J.M. Pouvesle accepted in Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. (2014)
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Scholarly Communication and Publishing Lunch and Learn Talk #11: The ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund
No full textAt the May 2014 talk, you will learn about the ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund--what it is, why we do it, how it works, and how the program is going so far
The R&D Tax Incentives
No full textThis article sets out some background information and reflections of the author on the R&D tax incentive schemes included in the Common Corporate Tax Base (CCTB) Proposal. In particular the author analyzes the stimulus to private R&D through ad hoc tax incentives included in the CCTB Proposal and dives into the actual provisions included in the Proposal highlighting the most relevant issues connected with their design and interpretation. Moreover, the author explores the interaction between the CCTB Proposal and the granting by Member States of domestic R&D tax incentives
Photoisomerization and Relaxation Dynamics of a Structurally Modified Biomimetic Photoswitch
No full textRecent experimental and theoretical studies on N-alkylated indanylidene pyrroline Schiff bases (NAIP) show that these compounds exhibit biomimetic photoisomerization analogous to that in the chromophore of rhodopsin. The NAIP compounds studied previously isomerize rapidly and often evolve coherently on the ground-electronic surface after reaction. We present the results of transient electronic absorption spectroscopy on dMe-OMe-NAIP, a newly synthesized NAIP analogue that differs from other NAIP compounds in the substituents on its pyrrolinium ring. Following excitation with 400 nm light, dMe-OMe-NAIP relaxes from the electronic-excited state in less than 500 fs, which is slower than in other analogues, and does not show the prominent oscillations observed in other NAIP compounds. A reduction in the amount of twisting between the rings caused by removal of the methyl group is likely responsible for the slower isomerization. Measurements in solvents of varying viscosity and structure suggest that intramolecular processes dominate the relaxation of nascent photoproducts. © 2012 American Chemical Society
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