173,108 research outputs found

    Optimum projection angle for attaining maximum distance in a soccer punt kick

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    Copyright @ Journal of Sports Science and Medicine 2011.This article has been made available through the Brunel Open Access Publishing Fund.To produce the greatest horizontal distance in a punt kick the ball must be projected at an appropriate angle. Here, we investigated the optimum projection angle that maximises the distance attained in a punt kick by a soccer goalkeeper. Two male players performed many maximum-effort kicks using projection angles of between 10 degrees and 90 degrees. The kicks were recorded by a video camera at 100 Hz and a 2-D biomechanical analysis was conducted to obtain measures of the projection velocity, projection angle, projection height, ball spin rate, and foot velocity at impact. The player's optimum projection angle was calculated by substituting mathematical equations for the relationships between the projection variables into the equations for the aerodynamic flight of a soccer ball. The calculated optimum projection angles were in agreement with the player's preferred projection angles (40 degrees and 44 degrees). In projectile sports even a small dependence of projection velocity on projection angle is sufficient to produce a substantial shift in the optimum projection angle away from 45 degrees. In the punt kicks studied here, the optimum projection angle was close to 45 degrees because the projection velocity of the ball remained almost constant across all projection angles. This result is in contrast to throwing and jumping for maximum distance, where the projection velocity the athlete is able to achieve decreases substantially with increasing projection angle and so the optimum projection angle is well below 45 degrees.This article is made available through the Brunel University Open Access Publishing Fund

    Kick-off-meeting fondazione inf-act

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    Addressing Unmet Needs on Emerging Infectious Diseases

    Interactive Floor Kick and Play.

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    Three different game modes are supported: (A) Touch Arm Kick Play, (B) Stampede Kick Play, and (C) Dodging Kick Play.</p

    What’s the Difference: A Study of the Nature and Extent of Racism in Rugby League

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    At the start of the 1993/4 season the Commission for Racial Equality (CRE) and the Professional Footballers' Association launched the 'Let's Kick Racism Out of Football' campaign which subsequently gained the support of the Football Association, the FA Premier, the Endsleigh League and the Football Trust (CRE/PFA, 1994). That campaign led to discussions between the Rugby Football League (RFL), Leeds City Council and the Commission for Racial Equality (CRE) with a view to taking action to address racism in rugby league. Some sports though have become renowned as being sites for racialist confrontations, most notably football, as recorded in Hill's (1989) account of John Barnes' experiences and Holland's (1994) work on the terraces at Newcastle, Leeds and Bolton. General impressions suggested that the position in rugby league was not as bad as in football, but racist abuse and occasional incidents of banana throwing and monkey chants have all been recorded at rugby league matches. Concern about racism at matches has also been expressed recently in the letters pages of the rugby league press and players have talked about their own experiences on television. Since we live in a racist society it would be remarkable if there was no evidence of racism in sport. Nonetheless, as the National Governing Body of the sport, the RFL recognised that this was not a reason for taking no action if it were demonstrated that there are cases of racism in rugby league. However, before embarking on direct action it was decided that information was needed on the nature and extent of racism within the game. To that end Leeds Metropolitan University was asked to survey attitudes and it was agreed that this investigation should have three main components: a) the attitudes of the clubs b) the attitudes of (black and white) players c) the attitudes of spectators At this stage we have been concerned only with the professional game, thou

    Did comets kick-start life on Earth? Chemists find missing piece of puzzle

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    First paragraph: The origin of life on Earth has been a matter of intense debate throughout human history. Even today, scientists don’t know whether the molecular building blocks of life were created on Earth or whether they were brought here by comets and meteorites. This is obviously hugely important – if they were delivered to Earth then it seems plausible that they may have been transported to other planets, too.https://theconversation.com/did-comets-kick-start-life-on-earth-chemists-find-missing-piece-of-puzzle-5736

    The kinematic analysis of three taekwondo kicking movements.

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    [[abstract]]The purpose of this study was to compare and describe the kinematic characteristics of the lower limb joints of three kicking movements in Taekwondo. Five elite female athletes served as subjects in this study. Two Peak high-speed cameras (120Hz) were synchronized to record three kicking movements. The maximum foot velocity duration of movement and the minimum knee angle in these three kicking movements have significant differences. Back round-kick and Back-kick are not whip-like movements. As for the curve of foot velocity, there is twin peak in Back round-kick. It is also notably different from the other kicking movements

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Kinematic Patterns Associated with the Vertical Force Produced during the Eggbeater Kick

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    The purpose of this study was to determine the kinematic patterns that maximized the vertical force produced during the water polo eggbeater kick. Twelve water polo players were tested executing the eggbeater kick with the trunk aligned vertically and with the upper limbs above water while trying to maintain as high a position as possible out of the water for nine eggbeater kick cycles. Lower limb joint angular kinematics, pitch angles and speed of the feet were calculated. The vertical force produced during the eggbeater kick cycle was calculated using inverse dynamics for the independent lower body segments and combined upper body segments, and a participant-specific second degree regression equation for the weight and buoyancy contributions. Vertical force normalized to body weight was associated with hip flexion (Average, r=0.691; Maximum, r=0.791; Range of Motion, r=0.710), hip abduction (Maximum, r=0.654), knee flexion (Average, r=0.716; Minimum, r=0.653) and knee flexion-extension angular velocity (r=0.758). Effective orientation of the hips resulted in fast horizontal motion of the feet with positive pitch angles. Vertical motion of the feet was negatively associated with vertical force. A multiple regression model comprising the non-collinear variables of maximum hip abduction, hip flexion range of motion and knee flexion angular velocity accounted for 81% of the variance in normalized vertical force. For high performance in the water polo eggbeater kick players should execute fast horizontal motion with the feet by having large abduction and flexion of the hips, and fast extension and flexion of the knees

    Kick-Off-Meeting

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    Slides from kick-off hybrid meeting in October 202
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