28 research outputs found
A Study of the Impact of Organizational Social Capital on the Improvement of Knowledge Management in Yazd\\\'s Welfare Organization
No full textIntroduction
Organizational social capital is defined as a source of social relations within the organization. As a sort of collective criteria, social capital has a vital role in organizations and it is said to be a managerial phenomenon with strong emphasis on trust, common values, joint behaviors, communication, cooperation, mutual commitment, and networking. In fact, this type of capital is an important organizational capability, which can affect organizations for creation and distribution of knowledge. In other words, it is a sustainable organizational advantage. Usually, transferring information and knowledge at macro and micro levels among people and organizations depends on people who do such transmission urgently and fast. They can in fact influence the advancement of interpersonal relationships. Because of this, the importance of communication and interpersonal relationship among personnel based on trust plays a key role in developing and utilizing knowledge. If an organization can improve effective interpersonal relationships among its staff, groups and different departments, then information transaction may work effectively and an efficient management of organizational knowledge can be assured. In this regard, creating and developing a culture based on social capital is essential for knowledge management in organizations. Hence the author of this paper decided to study and examine the relationship between social capital, and different dimensions, processes and angles of knowledge management.
Material and Methods
To proceed with research methodology, first a deep and careful literature review took place in the context of social capital and knowledge management. Also, in order to implement and carry out the research, personnel of the Welfare Organization in Yazd Province were determined as statistical population. The sample size was calculated according to Cochran formula using random sampling method. In order to collect data, standard questionnaires were applied (Filliusetal (2000) for knowledge management and Ghoshal (1998) for social capital). Further, for data analysis, relevant statistical tools such as correlation coefficient and regression were applied.
Discussion of Results and Conclusion
The findings of the research show that there is a positive and significant relationship between knowledge management and social capital in the sense that with improvement in organizational social capital, knowledge management improves as well. Our findings showed that development of social capital in the Yazd's Welfare Organization strongly boost up knowledge management. Therefore, advancement in social capital leads to creation and transference of knowledge in the organization.
Other findings of the study also show that three dimensions of social capital reinforce knowledge management activities in organization. In other words, social, relational and structural capitals have positive and significant relationships with knowledge management. Because of what was found in this study, it is expected that significant relationships between dimensions of social capital and knowledge management lead to the advancement of knowledge management in any welfare organization.
In general and with respect to these findings, it is concluded that social organizations should try to promote their social capital for an effective management of organizational knowledge. They can invest in social capital by means of effective communicational training programs, and cultivating a proper climate in the relationships of managers and employees so they can become learning and creative organizations
Development of an Updated Global Land In Situ‐Based Data Set of Temperature and Precipitation Extremes: HadEX3
No full textWe present the second update to a data set of gridded land‐based temperature and precipitation extremes indices: HadEX3. This consists of 17 temperature and 12 precipitation indices derived from daily, in situ observations and recommended by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI). These indices have been calculated at around 7,000 locations for temperature and 17,000 for precipitation. The annual (and monthly) indices have been interpolated on a 1.875°×1.25° longitude‐latitude grid, covering 1901–2018. We show changes in these indices by examining ”global”‐average time series in comparison with previous observational data sets and also estimating the uncertainty resulting from the nonuniform distribution of meteorological stations. Both the short and long time scale behavior of HadEX3 agrees well with existing products. Changes in the temperature indices are widespread and consistent with global‐scale warming. The extremes related to daily minimum temperatures are changing faster than the maximum. Spatial changes in the linear trends of precipitation indices over 1950–2018 are less spatially coherent than those for temperature indices. Globally, there are more heavy precipitation events that are also more intense and contribute a greater fraction to the total. Some of the indices use a reference period for calculating exceedance thresholds. We present a comparison between using 1961–1990 and 1981–2010. The differences between the time series of the temperature indices observed over longer time scales are shown to be the result of the interaction of the reference period with a warming climate. The gridded netCDF files and, where possible, underlying station indices are available from www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadex3 and www.climdex.org.Robert Dunn was supported by the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme funded by BEIS and Defra (GA01101) and thanks Nick Rayner and Lizzie Good for helpful comments on the manuscript. Lisa Alexander is supported by the Australian Research Council (ARC) Grants DP160103439 and CE170100023. Markus Donat acknowledges funding by the Spanish Ministry for the Economy, Industry and Competitiveness Ramón y Cajal 2017 Grant Reference RYC‐2017‐22964. Mohd Noor'Arifin Bin Hj Yussof and Muhammad Khairul Izzat Bin Ibrahim thank the Brunei Darussalam Meteorological Department (BDMD). Ying Sun was supported by China funding agencies 2018YFA0605604 and 2018YFC1507702. Fatemeh Rahimzadeh and Mahbobeh Khoshkam thank I.R. of Iranian Meteorological Organization (IRIMO) and the Atmospheric Science and Meteorological Organization Research Center (ASMERC) for Data and also sharing their experiences, especially Abbas Rangbar. Jose Marengo was supported by the National Institute of Science and Technology for Climate Change Phase 2 under CNPq Grant 465501/2014‐1, FAPESP Grants 2014/50848‐9 and 2015/03804‐9, and the National Coordination for High Level Education and Training (CAPES) Grant 88887.136402‐00INCT. The team that worked on the data in West Africa received funding from the UK's National Environment Research Council (NERC)/Department for International Development DFID) Future Climate For Africa programme, under the AMMA‐2050 project (Grants NE/M020428/1 and NE/M019969/1). Data from Southeast Asia (excl. Indonesia) was supported by work on using ClimPACT2 during the Second Workshop on ASEAN Regional Climate Data, Analysis and Projections (ARCDAP‐2), 25–29 March 2019, Singapore, jointly funded by Meteorological Service Singapore and WMO through the Canada‐Climate Risk and Early Warning Systems (CREWS) initiative. This research was supported by Thai Meteorological Department (TMD) and Thailand Science Research and Innovation (TSRI) under Grant RDG6030003. Daily data for Mexico were provided by the Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (SMN) of Comisión Nacional del Agua (CONAGUA). We acknowledge the data providers in the ECA&D project (https://www.ecad.eu), the SACA&D project (https://saca-bmkg.knmi.nl), and the LACA&D project (https://ciifen.knmi.nl). We thank the three anonymous reviewers for their detailed comments which improved the manuscript.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version
GJB2-related hearing loss in central Iran: Review of the spectrum and frequency of gene mutations
No full textMutations in the GJB2 gene are a main cause of autosomal-recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss (ARNSHL) in many populations. Previous studies have estimated the average frequency of GJB2 mutations to be similar to 16% in Iran, but would vary among different ethnic groups. Here, we have taken together and reviewed results from our two previous publications and data from searching other published mutation reports to provide a comprehensive collection of data for GJB2 mutations and HL in central Iran. In all, 332 unrelated families were included and analyzed for the prevalence and type of the GJB2 gene mutations. In total, the frequency of GJB2 mutations was found to be 16% in the central provinces, which is significantly higher than those identified in southern populations of Iran. Also, c.35delG was the most frequent mutation in the related population. The present study suggests that mutations in the GJB2 gene, especially c.35delG, are important causes of HL in central Iran and can be used as a basis of genetic counseling and clinical guidelines in this region.
Keywords
Author Keywords:clinical guidelines; GJB2; Iranian population; nonsyndromic hearing los
Genetics of Hearing Loss in North Iran Population: An Update of Spectrum and Frequency of GJB2 Mutations
No full textDiagnosis of pre-lingual hearing loss (HL) is difficult owing to the high number of genes responsible. The most frequent cause of HL is DFNB1 due to mutations in the GJB2 gene. It represents up to 40% of HL cases in some populations. In Iran, it has previously been shown that DFNB1 accounts for 16-18% of cars but varies among different ethnic groups. Here, we reviewed results from our three previous publications and data from other published mutation reports to provide a comprehensive collection of data for GJB2 mutations and HL in northern Iran. In total, 903 unrelated families from six different provinces, viz., Gilan, Mazandaran, Golestan, Ghazvin, Semnan, and Tehran, were included and analyzed for the type and prevalence of GJB2 mutations. A total of 23 different genetic variants were detected from which 18 GJB2 mutations were identified. GJB2 mutations were 20.7% in the studied northern provinces, which was significantly higher than that reported in southern populations of Iran. Moreover, a gradient in the frequency of GJB2 mutations from north to south Iran was observed. c.35delG was the most common mutation, accounting for 58.4% of the cases studied. This study suggests that c.35delG mutation in GJB2 is the most important cause of HL in northern Iran.
Keywords
Author Keywords:Genetic counseling; Gap junction protein beta 2; Hearing loss; GJB2 insertion
KeyWords Plus:CONGENITAL DEAFNESS; PREVALENCE; FAMILIES; GENES; IDENTIFICATION; IMPAIRMENT; 35DELG; ARNSHL; SOUT
RETRACTED ARTICLE: The prevalence of electronic cigarettes vaping globally: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textAbstract Background The purpose of this systematic review study was to determine the national, regional, and global prevalence of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) vaping. Method The articles were searched in July 2020 without a time limit in Web of Science (ISI), Scopus, PubMed, and Ovid-MEDLINE. At first, the titles and abstracts of the articles were reviewed, and if they were appropriate, they entered the second stage of screening. In the second stage, the whole articles were reviewed and articles that met the inclusion criteria were selected. In this study, search, selection of studies, qualitative evaluation, and data extraction were performed by two authors independently, and any disagreement between the two authors was reviewed and corrected by a third author. Results In this study, the lifetime and current prevalence of e-cigarettes vaping globally were 23% and 11%, respectively. Lifetime and current prevalence of e-cigarettes vaping in women were 16% and 8%, respectively. Also, lifetime and current prevalence of e-cigarettes vaping in men were 22% and 12%, respectively. In this study, the current prevalence of e-cigarettes vaping in who had lifetime smoked conventional cigarette was 39%, and in current smokers was 43%. The lifetime prevalence of e-cigarettes vaping in the Continents of America, Europe, Asia, and Oceania were 24%, 26%, 16%, and 25%, respectively. The current prevalence of e-cigarettes vaping in the Continents of America, Europe, Asia, and Oceania were 10%, 14%, 11%, and 6%, respectively. Conclusions Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the popularity of e-cigarettes is increasing globally. Therefore, it is necessary for countries to have more control over the consumption and distribution of e-cigarettes, as well as to formulate the laws prohibiting about the e-cigarettes vaping in public places. There is also a need to design and conduct information campaigns to increase community awareness about e-cigarettes vaping
Additional file 1: of Indoor concentrations of VOCs in beauty salons; association with cosmetic practices and health risk assessment
No full textMore details of the chemical analyses and the detailed results of the statistical analyses are presented in the Additional file; other information is also available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. (DOCX 70Â kb
Genetics of hereditary hearing loss in east Iran population: A systematic review of GJB2 mutations
No full textMutations in the GJB2 gene are the most common cause of pre-lingual hearing loss (HL) worldwide. Previous studies have shown the frequency of GJB2 mutations to be 16% in Iran, but varies among different ethnic groups. Here, we have reviewed results from previous published mutation reports to provide a comprehensive collection of data for GJB2 mutations and HL in eastern Iran. We conducted a systematic literature review of PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases for articles published before March, 2019. The literature search was performed by 2 independent researchers. The primary data of these studies including the number of samples, allelic frequency, and so on were extracted. Six studies involving 812 unrelated families from four different eastern provinces were included and analyzed for the type and prevalence of GJB2 mutations. A total of 19 different genetic variants were detected. GJB2 mutations were 8.8% in the studied eastern provinces, which was lower than that reported in northern populations of Iran. Moreover, a gradient in the frequency of GJB2 mutations from north to south Iran was observed. c.35delG was the most frequent mutation, accounting for 48.5% % of the populations studied. However, this mutation was absent in the Baluchi population. This review shows that particular rare mutations are frequent in some Iranian ethnic groups, and should be considered for genetic counselling.
Keywords
Author Keywords:Iranian population; genetic counseling; GJB2; non-syndromic hearing loss
KeyWords Plus:HIGH CARRIER FREQUENCY; DEAFNESS MUTATION; SPECTRUM; FAMILIES; CONNEXIN-26; PREVALENCE; 35DELG; GENES; IDENTIFICATION; IMPAIRMEN
Observed Global Changes in Sector-Relevant Climate Extremes Indices—An Extension to HadEX3
No full textGlobal gridded data sets of observed extremes indices underpin assessments of changes in climate extremes. However, similar efforts to enable the assessment of indices relevant to different sectors of society have been missing. Here we present a data set of sector-specific indices, based on daily station data, that extends the HadEX3 data set of climate extremes indices. These additional indices, which can be used singly or in combinations, have been recommended by the World Meteorological Organization and are intended to empower decision makers in different sectors with accurate historical information about how sector-relevant measures of the climate are changing, especially in regions where in situ daily temperature and rainfall data are hard to come by. The annual and/or monthly indices have been interpolated on to a 1.875° × 1.25° longitude-latitude grid for 1901–2018. We show changes in globally-averaged time series of these indices in comparison with reanalysis products. Changes in temperature-based indices are consistent with global scale warming, with days with Tmax > 30°C (TXge30) increasing virtually everywhere with potential impacts on crop fertility. At the other end of the scale, the number of days with Tmin < −2°C (TNltm2) are reducing, decreasing potential damage from frosts. Changes in heat wave characteristics show increases in the number, duration and intensity of these extreme events in most places. The gridded netCDF files and, where possible, the underlying station indices are available fromAll software, with the exception of Climpact2 which is in R (Ihaka & Gentleman, 1996; R Core Team, 2013), have been written in Python 3 (Python Software Foundation, 2013). The dependencies and interplay between them have been controlled using a Rose (Shin et al., 2019)/Cylc suite (Oliver et al., 2018). RJHD was supported by the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme funded by DSIT and by the UK-China Research & Innovation Partnership Fund through the Met Office Climate Science for Service Partnership (CSSP) China under the International Science Partnerships Fund (ISPF), and thanks Kate Willett, Lizzie Good and Nick Rayner for useful discussions and comments. LVA was supported by Australian Research Council Grant CE170100023. MGD is grateful for funding by the Horizon 2020 LANDMARC project (grant agreement no. 869367). JM was supported by the RED-CLIMA (Red Española e Iberoamericana sobre Variabilidad Climática y Servicios Climáticos en Ecosistemas Terrestres y Marinos: RED-CLIMA) Project, under Grant INCCLO0023 from the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas LINCGLOBAL CSIC from Spain. Additional funding comes from National Institute of Science and Technology for Climate Change Phase 2 under CNPq Grant 465501/2014-1; FAPESP Grant 2014/50848-9; and the National Coordination for Higher Education and Training (CAPES) Grants 88887.136402–00INCT. Data from Southeast Asia (excl. Indonesia) was supported by work on using ClimPACT2 during the Second Workshop on ASEAN Regional Climate Data, Analysis and Projections (ARCDAP-2), 25–29 March 2019, Singapore, jointly funded by Meteorological Service Singapore and WMO through the Canada-Climate Risk and Early Warning Systems (CREWS) initiative. Daily data for Mexico were provided by the Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (SMN) of Comisión Nacional del Agua (CONAGUA). The Pacific data is associated with an ET-SCI workshop in Fiji over 7–11 December 2015 funded by Environment Canada. Additional detail available via https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0748.1. We acknowledge the data providers in the ECA&D project (http://www.ecad.eu), the SACA&D project (https://sacad.database.bmkg.go.id), and the LACA&D project. We thank Thelma Cinco and Rosaline de Guzman (PAGASA-DOST, Philippines), Imke Durre and Matthew Menne (NOAA-NCEI), Tin Mar Htay (Department of Meteorology and Hydrology, Myanmar), Mahbobeh Khoshkam (I.R. of Iran Meteorological Organization), Gerald Lim and Lim Li-Sha (Meteorological Service Singapore, Singapore), Maria de los Milagros Skansi (Servicio Meteorológico Nacional, Argentina), Chalump Oonariya and Nichanun Trachow (Thai Meteorological Department, Thailand), Cham Pham (National center for Hydro-Meteorological Forecasting of Vietnam, Vietnam), Fatemeh Rahimzadeh (formerly Atmospheric Science and Meteorological Research Center, Iran), Ernesto Salgado Rubio (Servicio Meteorológico Nacional, Honduras), Ardhasena Sopaheluwakan (Agency for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG), Indonesia), Lucie Vincent (Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canada) for supplying data used in this work. We also thank all those who have supplied data for all the HadEX datasets over the past two decades.Peer Reviewed"Article signat per 29 autors/es: Robert J. H. Dunn, Nicholas Herold, Lisa V. Alexander, Markus G. Donat, Rob Allan, Margot Bador, Manola Brunet, Vincent Cheng, Wan Maisarah Wan Ibadullah, Muhammad Khairul Izzat Bin Ibrahim, Andries Kruger, Hisayuki Kubota, Tanya J. R. Lippmann, Jose Marengo, Sifiso Mbatha, Simon McGree, Sandile Ngwenya, Jose Daniel Pabon Caicedo, Andrea Ramos, Jim Salinger, Gerard van der Schrier, Arvind Srivastava, Blair Trewin, Ricardo Vásquez Yáñez, Jorge Vazquez-Aguirre, Claudia Villaroel Jiménez, Russ Vose, Mohd Noor’Arifin Bin Hj Yussof, Xuebin Zhang"Postprint (published version
“Current incidence of injuries in Iran; findings of STEPS survey 2021”
No full textAbstract
Background:
The updated epidemiology of injuries at the national and sub-national levels are required for policymakers to effectively handle the burden of injuries. This paper aimed to assess the incidence and risk factors of different injuries in Iran based on a recent national survey.
Methods:
We used data from Iran Stepwise approach to surveillance (STEPS) Survey 2021, a population-based study in urban and rural areas of Iran's 31 provinces. A multistage clustered probability design and weighting adjustments were used to select eligible individuals and generate estimations. We estimated the incidence of injuries, assessed sociodemographic variables, and identified potential behavioral risk factors associated with injuries, and results were reported for sociodemographic and geographic stratifications.
Result:
Data from 27,874 participants of the STEPS survey were assessed, of which 1538 (5.5 %, 95 % CI: [5.2–5.8]) reported having an injury in the past 12 months. Falls (44.4 %) were the most common cause of injury, followed by road traffic injury (21.7 %) and exposure to mechanical forces (16.5 %). Except for falls and burns, males had a higher proportion of all types of injuries. Logistic regression analysis showed that being male (OR: 1.7, [1.5, 2.0]) and being an occasional or heavy alcohol drinker (OR: 2.0, [1.3, 3.0] and OR: 2.7, [1.7, 4.1] respectively) were significant risk factors associated with road traffic injuries. Seatbelt use was 90.0 % among both drivers and front-seat passengers, while the use of safety car seats for children was as low as 9.4 %. Injury incidence varied significantly among provinces, with the highest incidence among males observed in Razavi Khorasan (11.2 %) and among females observed in Tehran (12.0 %).
Conclusion:
This study investigated the updated epidemiology of injuries in Iran and revealed socioeconomic and geographic disparities across country. This epidemiological information can be used to modify injury prevention programs.Abstract
Background:
The updated epidemiology of injuries at the national and sub-national levels are required for policymakers to effectively handle the burden of injuries. This paper aimed to assess the incidence and risk factors of different injuries in Iran based on a recent national survey.
Methods:
We used data from Iran Stepwise approach to surveillance (STEPS) Survey 2021, a population-based study in urban and rural areas of Iran's 31 provinces. A multistage clustered probability design and weighting adjustments were used to select eligible individuals and generate estimations. We estimated the incidence of injuries, assessed sociodemographic variables, and identified potential behavioral risk factors associated with injuries, and results were reported for sociodemographic and geographic stratifications.
Result:
Data from 27,874 participants of the STEPS survey were assessed, of which 1538 (5.5 %, 95 % CI: [5.2–5.8]) reported having an injury in the past 12 months. Falls (44.4 %) were the most common cause of injury, followed by road traffic injury (21.7 %) and exposure to mechanical forces (16.5 %). Except for falls and burns, males had a higher proportion of all types of injuries. Logistic regression analysis showed that being male (OR: 1.7, [1.5, 2.0]) and being an occasional or heavy alcohol drinker (OR: 2.0, [1.3, 3.0] and OR: 2.7, [1.7, 4.1] respectively) were significant risk factors associated with road traffic injuries. Seatbelt use was 90.0 % among both drivers and front-seat passengers, while the use of safety car seats for children was as low as 9.4 %. Injury incidence varied significantly among provinces, with the highest incidence among males observed in Razavi Khorasan (11.2 %) and among females observed in Tehran (12.0 %).
Conclusion:
This study investigated the updated epidemiology of injuries in Iran and revealed socioeconomic and geographic disparities across country. This epidemiological information can be used to modify injury prevention programs
Mapping disparities in education across low- and middle-income countries
No full textEducational attainment is an important social determinant of maternal, newborn, and child health1–3. As a tool for promoting gender equity, it has gained increasing traction in popular media, international aid strategies, and global agenda-setting4–6. The global health agenda is increasingly focused on evidence of precision public health, which illustrates the subnational distribution of disease and illness7,8; however, an agenda focused on future equity must integrate comparable evidence on the distribution of social determinants of health9–11. Here we expand on the available precision SDG evidence by estimating the subnational distribution of educational attainment, including the proportions of individuals who have completed key levels of schooling, across all low- and middle-income countries from 2000 to 2017. Previous analyses have focused on geographical disparities in average attainment across Africa or for specific countries, but—to our knowledge—no analysis has examined the subnational proportions of individuals who completed specific levels of education across all low- and middle-income countries12–14. By geolocating subnational data for more than 184 million person-years across 528 data sources, we precisely identify inequalities across geography as well as within populations. © 2019, The Author(s)
