164 research outputs found
Pietro Verri’s Contribution to the Economic Theory of the 18th Century: Commercial Society, Civil Society and Governance of the Economy
No full text'Count Pietro Verri (1728-97) - Schumpeter writes (History, p. 178) - - would have to be included in any list of the greatest economists'. Within the Milanese school, he certainly stands out, alongside with Cesare Beccaria, during one of the most interesting periods from a history of analysis point of view. Luigi Cossa's famous introduction to the study of political economy rates Pietro Verri to be inferior to Beccaria in ingenuity and scientific cultivation, but greatly to be ahead of him as an economist.1 This judgement by Cossa, in particular, seems to echo the relative position of the two men in the history of ideas, particularly after Beccaria's rise to fame with a book - On crimes and punishments - which had in fact been largely inspired by Verri himself and defended by him.2 It is proposed in the present paper to revisit some of the basic tenets of Pietro Verri's political economy, with more in view than dwell on specific intuitions and theorems: namely relate those to Verri's own - quite original - conception of the economy. The scholarly work of Pietro Verri - with a special reference to his Meditazioni sulla economia politica of 1771 - provides the first systematic contribution stemming from the quarters of Lombard enlightenment in the field of political economy, especially so if one considers that Cesare Beccaria's parallel work - namely his Elementi di economia pubblica, conceived and drafted at the same time as Verri's Meditazioni - would only be published posthumously several years later. From the vantage point afforded by Verri's political economy, we gain a considerably attractive view of the most significant elements and characteristic concepts of Lombard enlightenment during the latter half of the 18th century; Verri, moreover, as we shall see, builds on a number of them in a new and original way. This paper is aimed at discussing Verri's political economy mainly along two distinct, but related, lines. In the first place the conception of commercial society is considered such as it is treated by the author particularly in his Meditazioni. In this perspective the analysis of such issues as competition and the market or money and taxation occupy a central place. Secondly it will be necessary to emphasise that Verri's approach has little to do either with forms of pure economics on one side - largely yet to be born throughout the 18th century - or, on the other side, with such conceptions of the polis - contrariwise well alive among his own contemporaries - as are founded on a sovereign authority conceived to be situated above the law. What Verri's political economy ultimately amounts to is an economic conception of civil society. The latter has natural strong connections with his own fact-mindedness - emphasised by Schumpeter - as well as with his deep practical involvement in administrative affairs and in the reforming process taking place during the latter half of the 18th century in Milan. In our view, a thorough investigation along the mentioned lines is the precondition for an understanding of the intellectual stature and of the scholarly contribution of Pietro Verri. His main ground is distinctly analytical and only by appreciating his analysis is it possible to shed light on the meaning and intellectual significance also of his practical contributions. Moreover Verri's pronouncements on the criticism of despotic government, the relevance of intermediate powers or bodies and on multiple levels of governance will be examined in a new and original light, showing how close they are to the gist of his analysis.
Il 'genio del diritto' : da Beccaria all'utilitarismo di Bentham
No full textThe purpose of the thesis is twofold. The first objective is to illustrate the philosophy of Cesare Beccaria through the study of his articles on II caffe and his major work On crimes and punishments. The author presents a conceptual and practical solution to two problems: the administration of justice and the foundation of law. The second objective of the thesis is to retrace the steps of the international spread of his thought in France and the Anglo-Saxon world: France is only concerned with the administration of justice; England is responsive to both the concepts of the Italian scholar through William Blackstone (justice) and Jeremy Bentham (law). Bentham finds in the theory of the social contract of Beccaria the principle of Utilitarianism, a social philosophy that he will develop. The Founding Fathers of the United States will be sensitive to both aspects of the thought of the Milanese author, directly and through Blackstone's and Bentham's works
Iluminismo e absolutismo no modelo jurídico-penal de Cesare Beccaria
No full textCesare Beccaria, known as the author who, elaborating a system of criminal law based on illuminists principles, has created the bases of the modern liberal criminal law, had, however, very deep bonds with the Austrian absolutism. Thus, in the present paper, we will analyze some points of the politic structure where Beccaria produced his work Dei Delitti e delle Pene, seeking to exa- mine the understanding about the way Illuminism, in the context of the Habsburg absolutism’s formation, would operate in the elaboration of the Italian jurist’s legal criminal model.Cesare Beccaria, tido como o autor que, elaborando um sistema de direito penal com base em princípios iluministas, criou as bases do moderno direito penal de cunho liberal, possuía, entretanto, vínculos muito profundos com o absolutismo austríaco. Assim, no presente trabalho, analisaremos alguns pontos da tessitura política em que Beccaria produziu a obra Dei Delitti e delle Pene, procurando aprofundar a compreensão sobre o modo como o Iluminismo, no contexto de formação do absolutismo habsbúrgico, funcionaria na elaboração do modelo jurídico-penal do jurista italiano
Iluminismo e absolutismo no modelo jurídico-penal de Cesare Beccaria
No full textCesare Beccaria, known as the author who, elaborating a system of criminal law based on illuminists principles, has created the bases of the modern liberal criminal law, had, however, very deep bonds with the Austrian absolutism. Thus, in the present paper, we will analyze some points of the politic structure where Beccaria produced his work Dei Delitti e delle Pene, seeking to exa- mine the understanding about the way Illuminism, in the context of the Habsburg absolutism’s formation, would operate in the elaboration of the Italian jurist’s legal criminal model.Cesare Beccaria, tido como o autor que, elaborando um sistema de direito penal com base em princípios iluministas, criou as bases do moderno direito penal de cunho liberal, possuía, entretanto, vínculos muito profundos com o absolutismo austríaco. Assim, no presente trabalho, analisaremos alguns pontos da tessitura política em que Beccaria produziu a obra Dei Delitti e delle Pene, procurando aprofundar a compreensão sobre o modo como o Iluminismo, no contexto de formação do absolutismo habsbúrgico, funcionaria na elaboração do modelo jurídico-penal do jurista italiano
Tentativa analítica sobre o contrabando
No full textThis small essay was published by Cesare Beccaria in the periodical Il Caffé, where the Milanese illuminists of the Società dei Pugni used to publish their works in the eighteenth century. In this article, written in 1764 – when “On Crimes and Punishments” was published –, Beccaria sets forth an economic analysis of the smuggling issue. The author joints elements such as taxes, the value of the smuggled goods and the Treasury’s surveillance intensity. The author formulates a theorem which, from those elements, allows the public policy officers to know how much smuggling should be expected from the merchants.Este pequeno ensaio foi publicado por Cesare Beccaria no periódico Il Caffé, no qual eram veiculadas as produções dos iluministas milaneses que compunham a Società dei Pugni na segunda metade do século XVIII. Neste artigo, redigido em 1764 – mesmo ano da publicação do célebre “Dos Delitos e das Penas” –, Beccaria traça uma análise econômica a respeito da questão do contrabando, na qual articula elementos como os tributos, o valor da mercadoria e a intensidade da vigilância do Tesouro. O autor formula um teorema que, a partir daqueles elementos, permite que os formuladores de políticas públicas saibam quanto se deve esperar de contrabando por parte dos mercadores.
Dietro il Retablo : «Addio Teresa Blasco, addio Marchesina Beccaria»
No full textTeresa Blasco, la donna di cui si innamora il protagonista di Retablo, Fabrizio Clerici, è un personaggio storico, moglie di Cesare Beccaria e protagonista delle cronache della Milano illuminista. L'articolo, utilizzando documenti dell'epoca, ricostruisce le vicende di Teresa, dall'epoca del suo tormentato matrimonio con l'autore de Dei delitti e delle pene, fino alla sua morte.Teresa Blasco, the woman that Fabrizio Clerici, the protagonist of Retablo, is in love with, is a historical character, wife of Cesare Beccaria and protagonist of the chronicles of the Milan followers of the Enlightenment movement. The article, using documents from the period, rebuilds the vicissitudes of Teresa's life, from the time of her tormented marriage to the author of Dei delitti e delle pene, until her death
Dietro il Retablo: 'Addio Teresa Blasco, addio Marchesina Beccaria'
No full textTeresa Blasco, the woman that Fabrizio Clerici, the protagonist of Retablo, is in love with, is a historical character, wife of Cesare Beccaria and protagonist of the chronicles of the Milan followers of the Enlightenment movement. The article, using documents from the period, rebuilds the vicissitudes of Teresa's life, from the time of her tormented marriage to the author of Dei delitti e delle pene, until her deathTeresa Blasco, la donna di cui si innamora il protagonista di Retablo, Fabrizio Clerici, è un personaggio storico, moglie di Cesare Beccaria e protagonista delle cronache della Milano illuminista. L'articolo, utilizzando documenti dell'epoca, ricostruisce le vicende di Teresa, dall'epoca del suo tormentato matrimonio con l'autore de Dei delitti e delle pene, fino alla sua mort
Dietro il Retablo: 'Addio Teresa Blasco, addio Marchesina Beccaria'
No full textTeresa Blasco, the woman that Fabrizio Clerici, the protagonist of Retablo, is in love with, is a historical character, wife of Cesare Beccaria and protagonist of the chronicles of the Milan followers of the Enlightenment movement. The article, using documents from the period, rebuilds the vicissitudes of Teresa's life, from the time of her tormented marriage to the author of Dei delitti e delle pene, until her deathTeresa Blasco, la donna di cui si innamora il protagonista di Retablo, Fabrizio Clerici, è un personaggio storico, moglie di Cesare Beccaria e protagonista delle cronache della Milano illuminista. L'articolo, utilizzando documenti dell'epoca, ricostruisce le vicende di Teresa, dall'epoca del suo tormentato matrimonio con l'autore de Dei delitti e delle pene, fino alla sua mort
Revisiting Beccaria\u27s Vision: The Enlightenment, America\u27s Death Penalty, and the Abolition Movement
No full textIn 1764, Cesare Beccaria, a 26-year-old Italian, penned . The treatise argued that state-sanctioned executions and torture violate natural law. As we near the 250th anniversary of its publication, author John D. Bessler provides a comprehensive review of the abolition movement, from before Beccaria\u27s time to the present. Bessler reviews Beccaria\u27s influence on Enlightenment thinkers and more importantly, on America\u27s Founding Fathers. The Article also provides an extensive review of Eighth Amendment jurisprudence and then contrasts it with the trend in International Law towards the abolition of the death penalty. It then discusses the current state of the death penalty in light of the Supreme Court\u27s most recent decision in and concludes that there is every reason to believe that America\u27s death penalty may finally be in its death throes
Dietro il Retablo : «Addio Teresa Blasco, addio Marchesina Beccaria»
No full textTeresa Blasco, la donna di cui si innamora il protagonista di Retablo, Fabrizio Clerici, è un personaggio storico, moglie di Cesare Beccaria e protagonista delle cronache della Milano illuminista. L'articolo, utilizzando documenti dell'epoca, ricostruisce le vicende di Teresa, dall'epoca del suo tormentato matrimonio con l'autore de Dei delitti e delle pene, fino alla sua morte.Teresa Blasco, the woman that Fabrizio Clerici, the protagonist of Retablo, is in love with, is a historical character, wife of Cesare Beccaria and protagonist of the chronicles of the Milan followers of the Enlightenment movement. The article, using documents from the period, rebuilds the vicissitudes of Teresa's life, from the time of her tormented marriage to the author of Dei delitti e delle pene, until her death
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