971 research outputs found
Lyctocoris ichikawai Yamada & Yasunaga, sp. nov.
No full textLyctocoris ichikawai Yamada & Yasunaga, sp. nov. (Figs. 1–22) Diagnosis. Distinguished from congeners by the following combination of characters: hemelytra blackish brown with pale yellow markings on basal and median part of clavus, basal part of endocorium, apical part along claval suture and medial fracture in endocorium, and basal part of embolium; membrane smoky dark brown, but subbasal area and area along four veins always semitransparent; labium reaching metasternum; parameres strongly acute at apex; left paramere apically not bent inwardly; genital apophysis rounded at apex, constricted near middle, broadened at base. Description. Coloration. Body (Figs. 1, 20) generally blackish brown. Head (Figs. 1, 3) blackish brown, apex tinged with pale brown; eyes reddish brown; ocelli red to reddish brown. Antennae (Figs. 1, 3) generally fuscous, basal half of segment II tinged with yellowish brown. Labium (Fig. 2) yellowish brown; segment I and II blackish brown. Pronotum (Figs. 1, 3) blackish brown, with posterior margin narrowly pale yellow. Scutellum (Fig. 1) same color as pronotum, with apex pale yellow. Hemelytra (Fig. 1) blackish brown; basal and median part of clavus, basal part of endocorium, apical part along claval suture and medial fracture in endocorium, and basal part of embolium with pale yellow markings; membrane smoky dark brown, but subbasal area and area along four veins always semitransparent. Venter of thorax generally blackish brown. Ostiolar peritreme and evaporatorium (Figs. 2, 4) fuscous. Legs (Fig. 2) blackish brown; coxa brown; trochanter and basal and apical femur pale yellow. Abdomen (Fig. 2) brown to blackish brown; side of each sternum tinged with reddish brown. Structure. Body (Fig. 1) oval, densely covered with short, silky, recumbent setae. Head (Figs. 1, 3, 10) excluding neck about 0.75 times as long as width across eyes, dorsal surface shining; anteocular portion about 0.7 times as long as length of eye in dorsal view; vertex about 1.5 times as wide as width of eye in dorsal view; postocular portion constricted; neck very short; ocelli placed between the eyes, anterior of an imaginary line that passes through the posterior margin of eyes. Antennal segment I (Figs. 1, 3, 10) reaching apex of head, sparsely covered with short recumbent setae; segment II (Figs. 1, 3, 10) about 0.75 times as long as head width across eyes, slightly thickened toward apex, covered with suberect setae, each seta about as long as width of the segment; segments III and IV (Figs. 1, 3, 10) covered with long erect setae intermixed with short recumbent setae, longest seta about twice as long as width of respective segment; segment IV (Figs. 1, 3, 10) weakly flattened, slightly longer than segment III. Labium reaching metasternum; segment III about 2.8 times as long as segment II; segment IV slightly longer than segment II. Pronotum (Figs. 1, 3, 10) trapezoidal, shining; anterior half weakly swollen; posterior half shallowly depressed medially; anterior margin nearly straight, width slightly narrower than mesal length; lateral margin carinate, strongly rounded at anterior angle; posterior margin concave, width about 2.8 times as wide as anterior pronotal width; collar indistinct. Scutellum (Fig. 1) shining, about 0.7 times as long as basal width, shallowly punctate on basal half, rugose on apical half. Hemelytra (Figs. 1, 11) discernibly narrowed toward apex, densely covered with short, silky, recumbent setae and tiny punctures; embolial margin about 1.8 times as long as cuneal margin; maximum width of endocorium about 1.5 times width of embolium; membrane with four distinct veins, middle two veins slightly curved. Ostiolar peritreme (Figs. 4, 6) sharply bending at middle and gradually narrowed anteriad, slightly expanding posteriad at the bend, extending to anterior margin of metapleuron. Fore and mid coxae with several spine-like setae around apex; fore trochanter with brush-like setae on ventral side; fore tibia (Fig. 12) with 23–26 small teeth on ventral side and a few stout spines on apical half, and with large fossula spongiosa at apex; mid tibia (Fig. 13) with 22–23 small teeth on ventral side, apically with fossula spongiosa smaller than that of fore tibia; mid and hind tibiae (Figs. 13, 14) covered with short suberect setae intermixed with several stout spines about as long as width of respective tibia. Abdomen densely covered beneath with short, silky recumbent setae; scissure on abdominal tergite reaching to posterior margin of segment III. Male genitalia (Figs. 5, 7–9, 15– 18): Pygophore (Fig. 15) densely furnished with short erect setae on posterodorsal and posteroventral surface. Parameres (Figs. 16, 17) strongly acute at apex; left paramere curved at middle, apically not bent inwardly, moderately rounded on outer margin, weakly serrate on inner side of apical half; right paramere about half the length of left paramere, weakly serrate on inner side. Phallobase (Fig. 18) symmetrical, with a hole at anterior 1 / 3, slightly narrowed anteriad, deeply emarginate inwardly on posterior margin. Aedeagus (Figs. 5, 7, 8) very long, strongly coiled upwardly, apically with long and straight acus. Female genitalia (Fig. 19): Genital apophysis (Fig. 19) rounded at apex, reaching anterior margin of sternum VI, constricted near middle, broadened at base. Measurements [3 (n= 10)/ Ƥ (n= 10), value for holotype male in parentheses]. Body length 4.50–4.85 (4.85)/ 4.55–5.05; head length (excluding neck) 0.58–0.70 (0.64)/ 0.64–0.68; head width across eyes 0.82–0.91 (0.85)/ 0.86–0.91; vertex width 0.43–0.47 (0.43)/ 0.45–0.48; width between ocelli 0.32–0.35 (0.33)/ 0.33–0.37; lengths of antennal segments I–IV respectively 0.20–0.23 (0.20)/ 0.20–0.22, 0.62–0.69 (0.62)/ 0.63–0.68, 0.42–0.45 (0.42)/ 0.42–0.45, and 0.49–0.52 (0.49)/ 0.49–0.53; lengths of labial segments II–IV respectively 0.36–0.44 (0.44)/ 0.38–0.42, 1.06–1.15 (1.10)/ 1.05–1.20, and 0.45–0.49 (0.45)/ 0.46–0.50; anterior pronotal width 0.58–0.64 (0.59)/ 0.62–0.65; mesal pronotal length 0.63–0.70 (0.66)/ 0.65–0.72; basal pronotal width 1.65–1.87 (1.69)/ 1.68–1.90; length of embolial margin 1.50–1.68 (1.55)/ 1.53–1.68; length of cuneal margin 0.83–0.92 (0.85)/ 0.87–0.96; maximum width across hemelytra 1.86–2.06 (1.87)/ 1.86–2.17. Etymology. Named after Toshihide Ichikawa, the third author, who first discovered this new species and provided the knowledge of its biology. Type material. HOLOTYPE: 3 (Figs. 1 –3, 5, 7–9), ‘[Shikoku] / Kinbuchi Forest Park / Higashiueta-chô / Takamatsu-shi / Kagawa Pref. / 19–20.vii. 2003 / K. Yamada leg.’ (TKPM). PARATYPES: JAPAN [Shikoku] Kagawa Pref.: Miki-chô, Ikenobe, Yoshidagawa Riv.: 13, 28.iv. 2003, T. Ichikawa; 13, 18.viii. 2009, T. Ichikawa; 232 Ƥ, 21.v. 2010, K. Yamada & T. Ichikawa. Takamatsu-shi, Sogouhigashi-machi: 13, 24.vii. 2009, T. Ichikawa; 33 (one in Fig. 15), 5.viii. 2009, T. Ichikawa; 43, 21.v. 2010, K. Yamada & T. Ichikawa; 53 (one in Fig. 20), 25.v. 2011, K. Yamada. Same locality as holotype: 13, 21.viii. 2002, T. Ichikawa; 43 (one in Figs. 4, 6), 11.iv. 2003, T. Ichikawa; 934 Ƥ (one in Fig. 19), 25.iv. 2003, T. Ichikawa; 231 Ƥ, 5.v. 2003, M. Takai; 131 Ƥ, same date, S. Akagi; 23, same date, E. Doi; 1132 Ƥ, same date, T. Yasunaga (AMNH, TYCN); 63 (one in Fig. 10; another in Figs. 11 –14, 16– 18) 2 Ƥ, same data as holotype; 231 Ƥ, 18.viii. 2003, T. Ichikawa; 43, 28.v. 2004, K. Yamada. Takamatsu-shi, Nishiueta-chô: 13, 10.iv. 2007, T. Ichikawa. [Kyushu] Kumamoto Pref.: Koushi-shi, Sakae: 33, vii. 2003, T. Yasunaga. Distribution. Japan (Shikoku, Kyushu). Remarks. This new species is most similar in general appearance to L. zhangi, from which it can be distinguished by the larger body size [3.5–3.9 mm in L. zhangi], parameres strongly acute at apex [blunt at apex], and acus straight [curved]. Also, whereas L. ichikawai resembles L. variegatus in the shape of the male genitalia, the following external characters of the former are significantly different from the latter: posterior margin of pronotum narrowly pale yellow [broadly pale yellow in L. variegatus]; clavus blackish brown, with pale yellow markings on basal and median part [almost pale yellow excluding darkened area along claval suture and inner margin]; embolium blackish brown, with pale yellow markings on basal part [mostly pale yellow, with dark brown on median part]; and apex of left paramere not bent inwardly [rather slender and slightly bent inwardly].Published as part of Yamada, Kazutaka, Yasunaga, Tomohide & Ichikawa, Toshihide, 2012, A new species of Lyctocoridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cimicoidea) feeding on the exuded sap of Sawtooth Oak, Quercus acutissima, in Japan, pp. 65-74 in Zootaxa 3525 on pages 67-71, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.28272
Plagiodinium ballux sp. nov. (Dinophyceae), a deep (36 m) sand dwelling dinoflagellate from subtropical Japan
No full textA new species of marine sand-dwelling dinoflagellate, Plagiodinium ballux N. Yamada, Dawut, R. Terada & T. Horiguchi is described from a deep (36 m) seafloor off Takeshima Island, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan in the subtropical region of the northwest Pacific. The species is thecate and superficially resembles species of Prorocentrum, but possesses an extremely small epitheca. The cell varies from ovoid to a rounded square, and is small (15.0-22.5 mu m in length) and laterally compressed. The thecal plates are smooth and the thecal plate arrangement (Po, 1 ', 0a, 5 '', 5C, 2S, 5"', 0p, 1 '''') is similar to that of Plagiodinium belizeanum, the type species of the genus. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rDNA and partial LSU rDNA reveal that the dinoflagellate is closely related to P. belizeanum, but it can be clearly distinguished by its size and cell shape. This suite of morphological and molecular differences leads to the conclusion that this deep benthic dinoflagellate represents a new species of the genus Plagiodinium
Pilophorus suwimonae Yasunaga, Yamada & Artchawakom, 2014, new species
No full textPilophorus suwimonae new species (Figs. 1 A–B, 4, 5, 7) Diagnosis. Readily distinguished from any other congeners by its fuscous, rather elongate, antlike body, nearly matt dorsal surface, two dark stripes on the antennal segment I, very short and sparse scalelike setae on hemelytron, a ventral, mesal keel on male genital segment, and both noticeably long, flagellum and a median spine on endosoma. Description. Male: Body generally fuscous, rather elongate, antlike, moderately constricted (HCR = 0.67); dorsal surface matt, weakly shining, with sparsely distributed, short, silky, semierect setae. Head triangular in frontal view. Antenna dark brown; segment I creamy yellow, with two dark reddish brown stripes dorsally; segment III weakly incrassate toward apex; basal half of segment III and extreme base of IV yellowish white. Labium shiny chocolate brown, broad, exceeding procoxa but not reaching base of mesocoxa. Pronotum weakly constricted anteriorly; pleura uniformly pruinosed or shagreened; scutellum somewhat swollen, with uniformly distributed, reclining, silvery, scalelike setae. Hemelytron with a short fascia composed of rather long scalelike setae on median part of corium and a confluent posterior fascia with very short, scalelike setae; membrane dark smoky brown. All coxae and trochanters creamy yellow, except for apical half of mesocoxa dark reddish brown; profemur yellowish brown, with a dark, dorsal stripe at apical 2 / 3; meso- and metafemora dark brown, except for yellow extreme bases; all tibiae dark brown, except for apical halves of pro- and mesotibiae and apical 1 / 3 of metatibia pale reddish brown; tarsi pale brown; tarsomeres III brown. Abdomen shiny fuscous; genital segment ventrally with a keel mesally. Male genitalia (Figs. 5, 7): Left paramere with a slender, dorsal protuberance. Endosoma elongate, rather strongly curved, nearly J-shaped, with a subapical spine and a long flagellum. Female: Unknown. Measurements. ♂: Total body length 3.3; length from apex of clypeus to cuneal fracture 2.62; width of head across eyes 0.80; head height 0.78; width of vertex 0.34; lengths of antennal segments I −IV 0.24, 1.06, 0.30, 0.35; basal width of pronotum 0.84; minimum width across hemelytron 0.68; maximum width across hemelytron 1.02; and length of metatibia 1.72. Etymology. Named after the wife of the third author, Suwimon, who supported a recent survey in Chaiyaphum Province. Biology. Unknown. Holotype: ♂, THAILAND: Chaiyaphum: Chulabhom Dam, 16 ˚ 32−33 'N, 101 ˚ 38−39 'E, 760−780 m, at light, 16 Apr 2013, T. Yasunaga et al. (AMNH _PBI 00380149) (DOA).Published as part of Yasunaga, Tomohide, Yamada, Kazutaka & Artchawakom, Taksin, 2014, Additional records and descriptions of the ant-mimetic plant bug genus Pilophorus from Thailand (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae: Pilophorini), pp. 1-15 in Zootaxa 3795 (1) on page 13, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3795.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/28601
Laminin-10/11 and Fibronectin Differentially Prevent Apoptosis Induced by Serum Removal via Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt- and MEK1/ERK-dependent Pathways
No full textThis research was originally published in the Journal of Biological Chemistry. Jianguo Gu, Akemi Fujibayashi, Kenneth M. Yamada and Kiyotoshi Sekiguchi. Laminin-10/11 and Fibronectin Differentially Prevent Apoptosis Induced by Serum Removal via Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt- and MEK1/ERK-dependent Pathways. J. Biol. Chem. 2003; 277: 19922–19928 © the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyCell adhesion to the extracellular matrix inhibits apoptosis, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the signals transduced by different matrix components are not well understood. Here, we examined integrin-mediated antiapoptotic signals from laminin-10/11 in comparison with those from fibronectin, the best characterized extracellular adhesive ligand. We found that the activation of protein kinase B/Akt in cells adhering to laminin-10/11 can rescue cell apoptosis induced by serum removal. Consistent with this, wortmannin, a specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, or ectopic expression of a dominant-negative mutant of Akt selectively accelerated cell death upon serum removal. In contrast to laminin-10/11, fibronectin rescued cells from serum depletion-induced apoptosis mainly through the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway. Cell survival on fibronectin but not laminin was significantly reduced by treatment with PD98059, a specific inhibitor of mitogen- or extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase-1 (MEK1) and by expression of a dominant-negative mutant of MEK1. Laminin-10/11 was more potent than fibronectin in preventing apoptosis induced by serum depletion. These results, taken together, demonstrate laminin-10/11 potency as a survival factor and demonstrate that different extracellular matrix components can transduce distinct survival signals through preferential activation of subsets of multiple integrin-mediated signaling pathways
Orius (Orius) taksini Yamada and Yasunaga, sp. nov.
No full textOrius (Orius) taksini Yamada and Yasunaga, sp. nov. (Figures 2E – H, 5C,D, 6B, 9B, 11B, 14D – F, 19B) Type materials Holotype. ♂ (Figures 2E, F, 5C, 6B, 9B, 11B, 14D – F), THAILAND, Nakhon Ratchasima, Sakaerat Environmental Research Station, N 14°29ʹ24.4ʺ – 30ʹ37.5ʺ, E101°54ʹ37.8ʺ – 55ʹ49.7ʺ, 372 – 601 m alt., 23 – 25 January 2009, T. Yasunaga leg ’ (DOA). Paratypes. Thailand: Saraburi: one ♀ (Figure 19B), Kyusei Nature Farming Center, Champakpaew, Kaengkoi, 14°32ʹ75.8ʺN, 101°04ʹ71.5ʺE, 60 m alt., 20 January 2009, K. Yamada (TKPM); one ♀ (Figures 2G, H, 5D), same locality, T. Yasunaga (TKPM). Diagnosis Recognised by the following characters: hemelytra yellowish brown, cuneus widely darkened (Figure 2E, G); legs pale yellow, coxae and trochanters brown to blackish brown (Figure 2F, H); male antennal segment II much thickened, fusiform (Figures 5C, 9B); cone very thin, gradually acute apicad; denticule small, finger shaped; flagellum gently curved, exceeding the tip of cone (Figure 14D – F); copulatory tube very small, consisting of three distinct parts: apical membranous section, sclerotised cylindrical section, and basal duct (Figure 19B). Description Colouration. Head blackish brown, with pale yellow apex; eyes reddish brown, area surrounding ocellus reddish brown (Figures 2E, G, 5C, D). Antennae uniformly pale yellow, but male with apex of segment II and whole of segments III and IV with fuscous tinge (Figure 5C, D). Labium pale yellow; apex of segment IV somewhat fuscous (Figure 2F, H). Pronotum and scutellum uniformly blackish brown (Figure 5C, D). Hemelytra yellowish brown with cuneus widely darkened; membrane uniformly greyish brown (Figure 2E, G). Legs pale yellow; coxae and trochanters brown to blackish brown; tarsi pale yellow, with darkened apex (Figure 2F, H). Venter of thorax blackish brown. Abdomen brown to blackish brown (Figure 2F, H). Structure. Body oblong oval (Figure 2E, G). Head smooth, shiny, about 0.7 times as long as width across eyes, sparsely covered with short decumbent setae, and with a longer erect seta on each side of clypeus, near anteromedial margin of each eye, and between eye and ocellus; ante-ocular portion 0.6 – 0.7 times as long as length of eye in dorsal view; vertex about 1.9 times as wide as eye in dorsal view in male, about 2.2 times in female; eye oblong, about 1.5 times as long as eye width in dorsal view; postocular portion constricted; neck shortened (Figure 9B). Antennal segment I stout, exceeding apex of head, sparsely covered with short suberect setae; segment II thickened, fusiform, 0.66 times as long as head width across eyes in male, 0.56 times in female, densely covered with suberect setae which are shorter than half width of the segment in male, a little shorter than width of the segment in female; segments III and IV narrower than maximum width of segment II, covered with long erect setae intermixed with short decumbent setae, longest seta about as long as width of respective segment; segment III equal length to segment IV (Figures 5C, D, 9B). Labium slightly exceeding the procoxae, sparsely covered with short suberect setae. Pronotum impunctate, shiny, sparsely covered with long decumbent setae; anterior margin slightly concave, width about 1.2 times as wide as mesal length; lateral margin nearly straight, curved at anterior corner in female; lateral carinae weakly expanded anteriorly; posterior margin shallowly concave, width 2.1 – 2.3 times as wide as anterior pronotal width; collar narrow, with transverse weak groove and suberect setae, demarcated by shallow impression from callus; callus strongly convex, impunctate, with scattered long setae, demarcated posteriorly by deep transverse impression (Figures 5C, D, 9B). Scutellum nearly equilateral, much shorter than basal width, depressed through middle, uniformly covered with long decumbent setae. Hemelytra impunctate, overall densely covered with short decumbent setae; maximum width of endocorium about twice as wide as embolium; cuneal margin about 0.5 times as long as embolial margin; membrane with single visible vein located near costal margin. Ostiolar peritreme similar in general shape to O. sakaerat; anterior area to median furrow in ostiolar peritreme smooth, a little wider than maximum width of posterior area to median furrow; posterior area weakly squamous entirely; supracoxal area smooth, without rugosity (Figure 6B). Legs densely covered with decumbent setae, male trochanters with one small tooth in ventral side; male protibiae with a row of 17 small fuscous teeth on ventral side. Male genitalia (Figures 11B, 14D–F). Pygophore globular shaped but somewhat dorsoventrally depressed, posteroventrally covered with six long, stout setae intermixed with short, erect setae along outer margin, of which the longest setae are shorter than half length of pygophore (Figure 11B); mediodorsal surface densely distributed with short, suberect setae; cone very thin, gradually acute apicad (Figure 14D); denticule small, finger shaped, arising from inner side of cone (Figure 14D, E); flagellum gently curved, basally not adjacent to the paramere body, exceeding the tip of cone in dorsal view (Figure 14D – F). Female genitalia (Figure 19B). Copulatory tube very small, fused on left part of intersegmental membrane between sterna VII and VIII in dorsal view, consisting of three distinct parts: apical membranous section, sclerotised cylindrical section, and basal duct; apical membranous section somewhat tubular; sclerotised cylindrical section thickened; basal duct very thin, merging into intersegmental membrane. Measurements (mm) [♂ (n = 1, holotype)/ ♀ (n = 2)]. Body length 1.65/1.85 – 1.90; head length (excluding neck) 0.24/0.24 – 0.25; head width across eyes 0.35/0.36 – 0.37; vertex width 0.16/0.18 – 0.19; width between ocelli 0.14/0.16; lengths of antennal segments I – IV: I – 0.08/0.09, II – 0.23/0.20 – 0.21, III – 0.18/0.16 – 0.17, IV – 0.18/0.17 – 0.18; lengths of labial segments II – IV: II – 0.09/0.09, III – 0.24/0.24 – 0.25, IV – 0.18/0.20; anterior pronotal width 0.31/0.31 – 0.32; mesal pronotal length 0.25/0.26 – 0.27; basal pronotal width 0.66/0.70 – 0.72; length of embolial margin 0.55/0.56 – 0.58; length of cuneal margin 0.29/0.29 – 0.35; maximum width across hemelytra 0.71/0.72 – 0.79. Etymology Named for the third author of this paper, Mr. Taksin Artchawakom, who greatly supported our field investigations; a noun in genitive case. Distribution Northeastern Thailand (Nakhon Ratchasima, Saraburi). Remarks In general appearance, Orius taksini resembles O. conchaconus Ghauri, 1972 from Pakistan and O. ugandensis Hernández & Stonedahl, 1999 from Uganda, but is distinguished from conchaconus by the presence of denticule (in conchaconus, lacking) and the gently curved flagellum (in conchaconus, strongly bifurcate), and from ugandensis by the very thin and gradually acute apex of cone (in ugandensis, wide and rounded) and the denticule arising from inner side of cone (in ugandensis, near outer margin of cone). Habitat Collected on flowers of Mangifera indica (Anacardiaceae) and on unidentified tropical broadleaved trees.Published as part of Yamada, Kazutaka, Yasunaga, Tomohide & Artchawakom, Taksin, 2015, The flower bug genus Orius Wolff, 1811 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Anthocoridae: Oriini) of Thailand, pp. 1103-1157 in Journal of Natural History 50 on pages 1119-1122, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2015.1104393, http://zenodo.org/record/399037
Behavioral Heterogeneity Affects Individual Performances in Experimental and Computational Lowest Unique Integer Games
No full textThis study computationally examines (1) how the behaviors of subjects are represented, (2) whether the classification of subjects is related to the scale of the game, and (3) what kind of behavioral models are successful in small-sized lowest unique integer games (LUIGs). In a LUIG, N (≥ 3) players submit a positive integer up to M(> 1) and the player choosing the smallest number not chosen by anyone else wins. For this purpose, the author considers four LUIGs with N = {3, 4} and M = {3, 4} and uses the behavioral data obtained in the laboratory experiment by Yamada and Hanaki [1]. For computational experiments, the author calibrates the parameters of typical learning models for each subject and then pursues round robin competitions. The main findings are in the following: First, the subjects who played not differently from the mixed-strategy Nash equilibrium (MSE) prediction tended to made use of not only their choices but also the game outcomes. Meanwhile those who deviated from the MSE prediction took care of only their choices as the complexity of the game increased. Second, the heterogeneity of player strategies depends on both the number of players (N) and the upper limit (M). Third, when groups consist of different agents like in the earlier laboratory experiment, sticking behavior is quite effective to win
Decoupled textures for broadband absorption enhancement beyond Lambertian light trapping limit in thin-film silicon-based solar cells
No full textWe present a modelling study of thin silicon based solar cells endowed with periodic and decoupled front/back textures. After careful optimization, the proposed device models exhibit absorption beyond the Lambertian light trapping limit for a wide range of light angles of incidence. The advanced light management scheme is applied to (nano)crystalline silicon solar cells, where the benefits of texturing the absorber rather than the supporting layers is clear and to barium (di)silicide solar cells, which could achieve an implied photocurrent densityof41.1 mA/cm2 for a thickness of only 2 \mum.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Photovoltaic Materials and DevicesElectrical Sustainable Energ
Vibrational assignment for the band system of the SiN radical: The 0-0 band of and
No full text1 Chikashi Yamada and Eizi Hirota, J. Chem. Phys. 82, 2547 (1985).Author Institution: Institute for Molecular Science; Nagoya UniversityThe vibrational assignment for the A-X system of the SiN was reexamined by observing the spectra in the region of and in natural abundance. The original assignment of Mulliken for the A state was found to be correct, rather than the one currently accepted; the spectrum was assigned to the 0-0 band of the A-X system. The vibrational and isotopic variations observed for the - type doubling and spin orbit interaction constants of the A state and for the spin-rotation interaction constants of the X state were explained by treating the electronic matrix elements of the spin-orbit interaction and of the orbital angular momentum between A/X, B/A and D/X states as parameters
Cooperative activity of alpha 4 beta 1 and alpha 4 beta 7 integrins in mediating human B-cell lymphoma adhesion and chemotaxis on fibronectin through recognition of multiple synergizing binding sites within the central cell-binding domain
No full textWe have quantitated the relative contributions of the constitutively active alpha4beta1 and alpha4beta7 integrins and the domains embodying their cognate binding sites in mediating human B-cell lymphoma adhesion and chemotaxis on fibronectin. By cooperating, the central cell-binding and IIICS carboxy-terminal domains were entirely responsible for the adhesion activity displayed by fibronectin, and their relative contribution to this process was estimated to be 30% versus 70%. Assessment of the leukocyte-substrate binding strength (ie, dynes/cell) indicated a 10-fold higher avidity of the cell-IIICS domain interaction. The two integrins interchangeably recognized both domains, but differed quantitatively in their participation in the adhesive event, as well as in domain preference. The use of 3Fn (according to the nomenclature proposed by Bork and Koonin [Curr Opin Struct Biol 6:366, 1996] for the type III fibronectin modules) module-specific antibodies and recombinant polypeptides showed that alpha4 integrins recognized both the RGD sequence (3Fn10) and an apparently novel synergistic site located within the 3Fn8 module; even in this case, the integrins displayed a distinct binding site preference. Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta)/IL-2-induced chemotaxis also involved cooperative function of the central cell-binding and IIICS domains, but the mechanisms regulating this phenomenon differed markedly from those controlling cell adhesion. First, the relative contribution of the individual domains was comparable, but neither of the individual domains promoted migration to the extent observed on intact fibronectin. Secondly, alpha4beta1 and alpha4beta7 integrins were both involved in the domain-binding necessary for initiation of migration, but the relative contribution of each receptor in the chemotactic process was less disparate than for initial cell adhesion. Thirdly, the mode by which chemotactic B-lymphoma movement was supported by the central cell-binding domain differed from that sustaining cell adhesion in that it involved independent recognition of either the 3Fn8 or the 3Fn9 module, which acted in synergy with the 3Fn10 module. Our data provide novel evidence concerning the relative importance of the constitutively active alpha4beta1 and alpha4beta7 integrins for the interaction of B-cell lymphoma cells with fibronectin, and they emphasize a multiple and diverse recognition of sites responsible for either anchorage or locomotion of tumor leukocytes on this matrix molecule
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