1,528 research outputs found
Quantum Griffiths Inequalities
No full textWe present a general framework of Griffiths inequalities for quantum systems. Our approach is based on operator inequalities associated with self-dual cones and provides a consistent viewpoint of the Griffiths inequality. As examples, we discuss the quantum Ising model, quantum rotor model, Bose-Hubbard model, and Hubbard model. We present a model-independent structure that governs the correlation inequalities
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Gaming addiction in adolescence (revisited)
No full textGaming addiction has become a topic of increasing research interest. Over the last 25 years, I have written many articles on adolescent video gaming for Education and Health as it is one of the research fields that is constantly evolving. In fact, over the last decade, there has been a significant increase in the number of scientific studies examining various aspects of online addiction particularly among adolescents and young adults (Kuss & Griffiths, 2012; Kuss, Griffiths, Karila & Billieux, 2014). Although the amount and the quality of research in the field has progressed much over this period, it is still in its infancy compared to other more established behavioural addictions (such as pathological gambling). This article briefly examines (i) how adolescent gaming addiction research has changed over the last three decades, (ii) how online gaming addiction has gained genuine psychiatric status, (iii) excessive gaming as an addiction, and (iv) where the gaming addiction field is going
Constitutive inflammation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition dictate sensitivity to nivolumab in CONFIRM: a placebo-controlled, randomised phase III trial
No full textLeveraging adaptive tumour immunity to control mesothelioma via immune checkpoint blockade is now a standard therapeutic approach. However, the determinants of sensitivity remain elusive. Low non-synonymous mutation burden and programmed death-ligand 1 expression, an abundance of immunosuppressive immune cell infiltration, and 9p21 deletion should all mitigate responses to therapy. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a double blind, placebo-controlled, randomized phase III trial of the PD1 inhibitor, nivolumab (ClinicalTrial.gov registration: NCT03063450). After 37.2 months of follow-up, the primary endpoint of progression free-survival, but not overall survival was met. The nivolumab response rate was 10.3%, and related grade 3 or above adverse events occurred in 20.4% versus 7.2% for placebo. Progression-free and overall survival were longer in nivolumab-treated responders versus non-responders. In an exploratory multiomic analysis, blinded whole exome, transcriptome and multiplex immune profiling were used to interrogate R- versus NR-subgroups. Non-synonymous and neoantigen mutation burden were no different between groups, however R-mesotheliomas were infiltrated with activated CD8+ T- and CD19+ B-lymphocytes, organised into tertiary lymphoid structures. B-cell infiltration correlated with pro-inflammatory chemokines including IL24 and CCL19. Conversely, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and mitosis were associated with resistance to nivolumab. These findings illuminate features which can be leveraged to advance precision immunotherapy in this rare cancer setting
Nitrite and myocardial ischaemia reperfusion injury. Where are we now?
No full textCardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide despite major advances in technology and treatment, with coronary heart disease (CHD) being a key contributor. Following an acute myocardial infarction (AMI), it is imperative that blood flow is rapidly restored to the ischaemic myocardium. However, this restoration is associated with an increased risk of additional complications and further cardiomyocyte death, termed myocardial ischaemia reperfusion injury (IRI). Endogenously produced nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in protecting the myocardium from IRI. It is well established that NO mediates many of its downstream functions through the ‘canonical’ NO-sGC-cGMP pathway, which is vital for cardiovascular homeostasis; however, this pathway can become impaired in the face of inadequate delivery of necessary substrates, in particular L-arginine, oxygen and reducing equivalents. Recently, it has been shown that during conditions of ischaemia an alternative pathway for NO generation exists, which has become known as the ‘nitrate–nitrite–NO pathway’. This pathway has been reported to improve endothelial dysfunction, protect against myocardial IRI and attenuate infarct size in various experimental models. Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests that nitrite itself provides multi-faceted protection, in an NO-independent fashion, against a myriad of pathophysiologies attributed to IRI. In this review, we explore the existing pre-clinical and clinical evidence for the role of nitrate and nitrite in cardioprotection and discuss the lessons learnt from the clinical trials for nitrite as a perconditioning agent. We also discuss the potential future for nitrite as a pre-conditioning intervention in man.</p
A Systematic Review of Online Sex Addiction and Clinical Treatments Using CONSORT Evaluation
No full textResearchers have suggested that the advances of the Internet over the past two decades have gradually eliminated traditional offline methods of obtaining sexual material. Additionally, research on cybersex and/or online sex addictions has increased alongside the development of online technology. The present study extended the findings from Griffiths’ (2012) systematic empirical review of online sex addiction by additionally investigating empirical studies that implemented and/or documented clinical treatments for online sex addiction in adults. A total of nine studies were identified and then each underwent a CONSORT evaluation. The main findings of the present review provide some evidence to suggest that some treatments (both psychological and/or pharmacological) provide positive outcomes among those experiencing difficulties with online sex addiction. Similar to Griffiths’ original review, this study recommends that further research is warranted to establish the efficacy of empirically driven treatments for online sex addiction
Interactive television quizzes as gambling: a cause for concern?
No full textRecently, there has been a significant increase in the number of UK television shows in which viewers call into the show using a premium-rate telephone service. At one level it could be argued that in these instances viewers are participating in a lottery. Viewers are typically asked to call a premium-rate telephone line to answer a simple question. Winners are then chosen from all those viewers with the correct answer. It could also be argued that the viewer is staking money (i.e., the cost of the premium-rate telephone call) on the outcome of a future event (i.e., whether they will get the correct answer). This again could be defined as a form of gambling. Interactive television quiz shows share many of the dimensions of interactive television gambling and also raise the same concerns about vulnerable and susceptible populations. These concerns are discussed
Psycholinguistic Credibility Assessment of News Reports About A 142-Year Old Mass Murder
No full textabstract: This presentation demonstrates how credibility assessment may be used on historical news and literary documents to determine the veracity of victims and witnesses even when formal statements were never made, or were lost to history. The presentation analyzes first hand accounts of the "Wickenburg Massacre" of 1871.Presented by Griffiths at the American Academy of Forensic Sciences annual meeting, February 2014 in Seattle, WA,
The Alysiinae (Hym. Braconidae) parasites of the Agromyzidae (Diptera). VII Supplement.
No full textZusätzliche Informationen aus der Sammlung europäischer Alysiinae (haupsächlich Dacnusini) des Autors werden veröffentlicht aus Anlaß der Übergabe dieser Sammlung an das British Museum (Natural History). Zehn neue Arten werden beschrieben, zwei in Dacnusa Haliday (D. arctica spec. nov. und D. euphrasiella spec. nov.), drei in Exotela Förster (E. viciae spec. nov., E. lathyri spec. nov. und E. chromatomyia spec. nov.) und fünf in Chorebus Haliday (C. galii spec. nov., C. rostratae spec. nov., C. chenopodii spec. nov., C. claripennis spec. nov. und C. eucodonis spec. nov.). Chorebus stenocentrus (Thomson) wird neu beschrieben.Nomenklatorische Handlungenchenopodii Griffiths, 1984 (Chorebus), spec. n.claripennis Griffiths, 1984 (Chorebus), spec. n.eucodonis Griffiths, 1984 (Chorebus), spec. n.galii Griffiths, 1984 (Chorebus), spec. n.rostratae Griffiths, 1984 (Chorebus), spec. n.stenocentrus (Thomson, 1895) (Chorebus), comb. n. hitherto Dacnusa (Dacnusa) stenocentraarctica Griffiths, 1984 (Dacnusa), spec. n.cerpheres (Nixon, 1948) (Dacnusa), comb. n. hitherto Rhizarcha cerphereseuphrasiella Griffiths, 1984 (Dacnusa), spec. n.chromatomyiae Griffiths, 1984 (Exotela), spec. n.lathyri Griffiths, 1984 (Exotela), spec. n.viciae Griffiths, 1984 (Exotela), spec. n.Supplementary information from the author´s collection of European Alysiinae (mainly Dacnusini) is here published on the occasion of the deposition of that collection in the British Museum (Natural History). Ten new species are described, two in Dacnusa Haliday (D. arctica spec. nov. and D. euphrasiella spec. nov.), three in Exotela Förster (E. viciae spec. nov., E. lathyri spec. nov. and E. chromatomyia spec. nov.), and five in Chorebus Haliday (C. galii spec. nov., C. rostratae spec. nov., C. chenopodii spec. nov., C. claripennis spec. nov. and C. eucodonis spec. nov.). Chorebus stenocentrus (Thomson) is redescribed.Nomenclatural Actschenopodii Griffiths, 1984 (Chorebus), spec. n.claripennis Griffiths, 1984 (Chorebus), spec. n.eucodonis Griffiths, 1984 (Chorebus), spec. n.galii Griffiths, 1984 (Chorebus), spec. n.rostratae Griffiths, 1984 (Chorebus), spec. n.stenocentrus (Thomson, 1895) (Chorebus), comb. n. hitherto Dacnusa (Dacnusa) stenocentraarctica Griffiths, 1984 (Dacnusa), spec. n.cerpheres (Nixon, 1948) (Dacnusa), comb. n. hitherto Rhizarcha cerphereseuphrasiella Griffiths, 1984 (Dacnusa), spec. n.chromatomyiae Griffiths, 1984 (Exotela), spec. n.lathyri Griffiths, 1984 (Exotela), spec. n.viciae Griffiths, 1984 (Exotela), spec. n
Book Review: The World: A Family History of Humanity
No full textAuthor: Simon Sebag Montefiore
Reviewed by Lieutenant Colonel Zachary Griffiths (US Army), Special Assistant to the Chief of Staff of the Army
The Harding Project’s Lieutenant Colonel Zachary Griffiths reviews this best-selling, epic in scope history of the world framed by powerful families and gives an honest evaluation of the book’s potential value (and shortcomings) for soldiers. Griffiths notes that the book provides insight into the “richness of the human experience” with “vignettes to give color to historical military campaigns and humanize those campaigns’ participants.”https://press.armywarcollege.edu/parameters_bookshelf/1057/thumbnail.jp
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