1,721,008 research outputs found
Effect of food matrix on the content and bioavailability of flavonoids
No full textTomas, Merve/0000-0003-1057-7914; Ozdal, Tugba/0000-0001-8344-5336; Capanoglu, Esra/0000-0003-0335-9433; Kamiloglu, Senem/0000-0003-3902-4360Background:Dietary flavonoids have drawn great interest owing to their potential positive effects on health, which considerably rely on their bioaccessibility, transport and further metabolism in the body. One of the key parameters that influence the flavonoid bioavailability is the interaction of these compounds with other nutrients present in the human diet. Scope and Approach:This review highlights the current findings on the influence of co-ingestion of flavonoids with other macro- (carbohydrates, lipids and proteins) and micro-constituents (vitamins, minerals, and other micronutrients) in foods. Key Findings and Conclusions:Majority of both in vitro and in vivo studies in the literature suggest that proteins, dietary fiber, and minerals may induce disadvantageous impact on the bioavailability of flavonoids. On the other hand, lipids, digestible carbohydrates, vitamins, alkaloids, carotenoids and other flavonoids are likely to improve flavonoid bioavailability. Nevertheless, interaction of flavonoids with food matrix components is a complicated parameter that needs to be explored further in order to ensure utmost positive health effects to humans
Recent advances on anti-diabetic potential of pigmented phytochemicals in foods and medicinal plants
No full textType 2 diabetes is marked by elevated blood sugar levels and linked to impaired insulin secretion and resistance to insulin. Researchers are continuously investigating different classes of phytochemicals including natural pigments for their potential direct or indirect advantages in the prevention and/or control of diabetes. In this review, clinical trials, animal studies, and cell culture models, as well as in vitro enzyme inhibition assays and in silico molecular docking studies were covered for pigmented phytochemicals including anthocyanins, carotenoids, betalains, chlorophylls, curcumin, and phycocyanins. Recent research has shown that the anti-diabetic effects of pigments include (1) inhibition of ROS formation, (2) downregulation of inflammatory response like inhibiting COX, or regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6), (3) regulation of multiple signal pathways such as NF-kappa B, AMPK, MAPK, (4) inhibition of cell apoptosis, according to the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax; and cell proliferation via PI3K/Akt pathways, and (5) digestive enzyme inhibition, such as alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase, among others
Guidelines for cell viability assays
No full textCapanoglu, Esra/0000-0003-0335-9433; Kamiloglu, Senem/0000-0003-3902-4360; SARI, Gulce/0000-0002-8585-5889Recently, the interest in the application of cell viability assays has been increasing in various fields. Cell viability assays may be broadly classified as (a) dye exclusion assays, (b) colorimetric assays, (c) fluorometric assays, (d) luminometric assays, and (e) flow cytometric assays. Dye exclusion assays include trypan blue, eosin, congo red, and erythrosine B stain assays, whereas 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS), 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT), 2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2H tetrazolium, monosodium salt (WST-1), 2-(2-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, monosodium salt (WST-8), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), sulforhodamine B (SRB), neutral red uptake (NRU), and crystal violet stain (CVS) assays are among the colorimetric assays. Similarly, resazurin and 5-carboxyfluorescein diacetate acetoxymethyl ester (5-CFDA-AM) assays are based on fluorometric measurements, whereas luminometric assays comprise adenosine triphosphate and real-time viability assays. Major flow cytometric assays include membrane asymmetry, membrane permeability, and mitochondria assays. In this guideline, the mechanisms and the practice of assessment of the most common cell viability assays applied in research labs are discussed in detail. An ideal cell viability assay should be safe, rapid, reliable, efficient, and time- and cost-effective, and should not interfere with the test compound. Overall, it can be concluded that more than one cell viability assay should be applied in order to obtain reliable results
Determination of methylparaben by differential pulse voltammetry using a glassy carbon electrode modified with polypyrrole
No full textA new modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) based on a synthesized polypyrrole (PPy) was developed for the determination of methylparaben by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). PPy was covalently immobilized on GCE surface using tetraethyl ammonium perchlorate (TEAP) and acetonitrile (ACN). Methylparaben was oxidized by differential pulse voltammetry and a peak was observed at 1.20 V. The calibration curve obtained with differential pulse voltammetry was linear in the concentration range from 0.01 to 5 mM methylparaben with a limit of detection of 8 x10(-3) mM and RSD of 0.11%. The improved method was applied to the determination of methylparaben in cream samples using the differential pulse voltammetry method
Bioavailability and bioactivity of black carrot polyphenols using in vitro digestion models combined with a co-culture model of intestinal and endothelial cell lines
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Polyphenol content in figs (Ficus carica L.) : effect of sun-drying
No full textIn order to investigate the effect of sun-drying on the health-related constituents as well as bioaccessibility of figs; total phenolics, flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins, antioxidant capacity and major phenolic compounds were determined for two commercial figs (Sarilop and Bursa siyahi) with different color (yellow and purple). In addition, release of phytochemical was studied by simulating of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. In both varieties, rutin and cyanidin-3-rutinoside were confirmed as the major flavonol and anthocyanin, respectively. For both varieties, analyses of total phenolics, anthocyanins and antioxidant activity revealed lower levels after sun-drying. On the other hand, 75 and 71% higher total flavonoid and proanthocyanidin contents were observed for yellow figs
Investigating the in vitro bioaccessibility of polyphenols in fresh and sun-dried figs (Ficus carica L.)
No full textIn this study, in order to evaluate the in vitro bioaccessibility of fresh and sun-dried figs, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total proanthocyanidin content (TPA) and the major phenolic compounds were determined at different phases of simulated gastrointestinal (GI) tract digestion for Sarilop and Bursa siyahi fig varieties. Four major phenolic compounds (chlorogenic acid, rutin, cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) and cyanidin-3-rutinoside (C3R)) were investigated for GI tract digestion. The results of in vitro GI tract digestion revealed that the dialysed fraction (IN) represented 9–26% and 1–22% of the initial TAC of the whole-fresh yellow and purple figs, respectively. Moreover, in case of 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), TPA and chlorogenic acid contents, drying caused an increase in the IN fraction of yellow figs (38, 140, 50%, respectively). The bioaccessibility of C3G and C3R were quite low for fresh figs (0–5% of the initial values), whereas for dried figs, anthocyanins were not detected at all in the IN fraction
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