196,384 research outputs found
Comptonization of the cosmic microwave background by relativistic plasma
No full textWe investigate the spectral distortion of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) caused by relativistic plasma. Within the Thomson regime, an exact analytic expression for the photon scattering kernel of a momentum power-law electron distribution is given. The ultra-relativistic Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) decrement measures the electron number and not the energy content. On the other hand, the relativistic SZ increment at higher frequencies depends strongly on the spectral shape of the electrons. We calculate the expected Comptonization due to the energy release of radio galaxies, which we estimate to be 3 × 1066 erg Gpc-3. We investigate Comptonization from (a) the part of the released energy which is thermalized and (b) the relativistic, remnant radio plasma, which may form a second, relativistic phase in the inter galactic medium, nearly unobservable for present day instruments (presence of so called 'radio ghosts'). We find a thermal Comptonization parameter due to (a) of y = 10-6 and (b) an optical depth of relativistic electrons in old radio plasma of τrel < 10-7. If a substantial fraction of the volume of clusters of galaxies is filled with such old radio plasma the SZ effect based determination of the Hubble constant is biased to lower values. Finally, it is shown that a supra-thermal population of electrons in the Coma cluster would produce a signature in the Wien-tail of the CMB, which is marginally detectable with a multifrequency measurement by the Planck satellite. Such a population is expected to exist, since its bremsstrahlung would explain Coma's recently reported high energy X-ray excess
Une nouvelle classe d'opérateurs de Teager-Kaiser multidimensionnels basée sur les dérivées directionnelles d'ordre supérieur
No full textThis work aims at introducing some energy operators linked to Teager-Kaiser energy operator and its associated higher order versions and expand them to multidimensional signals. These operators are very useful for analyzing oscillatory signals with time-varying amplitude and frequency (AM-FM). We prove that gradient tensors combined with Kronecker powers allow to express these operators by directional derivatives along any n-D vector. In particular, we show that the construction of a large class of non linear operators for AM-FM multidimensional signal demodulation is possible. Also, a new scalar function using the directional derivative along a vector giving the ”sign” of the frequency components is introduced. An application of this model to local n-D AM-FM signal is presented and related demodulation error rates estimates. To show the effectiveness and the robustness of our method in term of envelope and frequency components extraction, results obtained on synthetic and real data are compared to multi-dimensional energy separation algorithm and to our recently introduced n-D operator
Kaiser-Frazer news story
No full textBy Gene M. 'Brown The Willys assets to be Tl1r Kats::l'-Frazer Corp. will buy by Kaiser Manufacturing Corp.• an nd Motors Inc., for existing Kaiser-Frazer subsidiary
estimated 62.300.000. lIccord-include net property. inventOries.
to an agreement announced plants and equipment. Not innight.
The acquisition makes cluded are c:lsh. securities. prethe
fourlh largest automo-payment and receivables. IH.: manufacturer in the world. The agreement gives Kaiser-Unde\' terms 01 the plan. Willys Frazer production facilities to mes a Kaiser-Frazer subsid-place studebaker in fourth posi1"'1. Edgar F. Kaiser. son 01 tion behind the big three auto
J. Kaiser. and president of manufacturers-General Motors
, called the trans-Ford and ChrYsler. Previously, as
tion the lan,cst of its kind in separate manufacturers. Kaiser
history of the automotive in-was ranked eighth and Willys
combmed total sales 01 ninth.
two companies are 1unning at Funds ' to finance the
rate of 600.000,000 II year. action camf-from varied sources.
assets are valued at Henry J. Kaiser Co. put up 250.000,000. 600,000, while 20,000,000 in a term loan ng Willys employment contracts Bank of America. National Trust
retain the services of prmci-and Savmgs Associl\tion.
1 officers for a minimum of two At the same ~t1me, Mr.
Ir.. "provided they render satis-reported that 11is company's
c ')ry ser.'ice," to the Reconstruction Finance
Ward ,\1. Canaday has been Corp. would be reduced. The?m:ine components. aircraft forg to remain as president and R. F. C. had lent Kaiser-Frazel,mgs and aircraft landing gear., n "f Willy!; Motors Coi·p., 48,417,000 . 11<; of Feb. 28. A cashrlane>' ; th F'a Irc 11 -eSI.
.' e 1 'ld d I,UO~ldH\IY. _ aymcnt of $15,OOO.00u be 119-F cargo planes; Wright
":i91 de to the R. F. C. to reduce thc nautical-designed R-130(} Mr. Kaiser said. engines, sectiom for the La.p.khee"'.' P2V-5 Neptune Bomber, e1p('tl'lln
Kaisci ~mphaslzed that thC\eqUiPment. components ase. Will m no way alter the Boeing B-52A and oth'er t mdepedent operations ofIitems.
two companies. All that will Ward , ... Ca d
t h . , \ .VL. na a~' assured
, e said. I~ mutual purchas-holders and th W·II I .
·l· . f ' e I vs abO!
tcr U tI IzatlOn 0 tools and that "the manufactu'I' d Ir" m .. . .., 'lIb'e carned
Uloment and .,a, mgs ' 0\ el-Wlllv· pI'oducls . . WI e an sa e unmterruptedly." immediate l'rsult of the Stateme~t be d
.'11 b . tl y ana ay
t \II em·le com-:\1[' C ' .
tal structure As soon . I. anaday said the main
. .. son for sal f W'l
stockholders approve the f . e 0 I lys was a which they are ('xpected to 0 ,~aPltal for expansion.
. Wlllys-Overl nd" h
t a special meeting April 24. "has m' a .. e reporteser-Frazer Corp. will have total prod t~de substantlfll progress assets of nearly a quarter of a largeUCl ·O!~tnd sa.les .m the face
billion dollars. . ,111: Y caPltahzed compt
.• < • tlOn .and can normally expect Wllh s as. ets to bc purchased m-contmue to operate on an d ude plants in Toledo; "I[ay\\'ood. ing scale. ascen
".; A.nderson, lr;d., and Pon-"However. although the ::\Ilch. Foreign as~cmbly value has steadily increased. es .of the company are dIrectors recognize that,
tlng 111 BelgIUm, the Nether-of requirements for Denmark. India. Ireland. working capital. inherent in la of South Africa, Indonesia. volume production, and for 0, Australia lind Brazil. creased capital for Impi'ovempl1t< I Kaiser adds its own,rlomcstic and additIOns to plant and mach
• facilities to the Willvs and new tools, commonoperatrs its main plant in holders .have not had income Run. Mich .. and has others cause Willys-Oyerland has not
Delroit and Dowap,iac, ,Mich.; bce~ able to pay dividends." adyside. Ohio; San Leandro and . :r.::alser Manufacturing. the cllmond, Calif.; and Na~hua sldiary that Will purchase
H.-as well' as in Holland: has agr~ed to set aside
I. Japan and :'-1exiro. cent of Its earnml2's befo]
. . to retIre the loan made by Both In Defense Work America. While the two companirs will Willys \\'as formed earlv te independently. purchase century by thc latc J ohn N. illys gives Kaiser-Frazer a The Willys Americar was the
line 'of automobiles and standard passenger vehicle it vehicles. It can sell the duced until it made the Aero J and Jeep in the lo\\,-last year.
fields; it has the expensive Kalser-Fra;o:er was formed the ujJper-middle price World Wa~ II by indust and a medium-priced Aero H~l1lY J. Kaiser a;:!.d former Chrys
s. The Jeep station wagons Ie: a~d Wil!ys p;ecut!ve John tho Jeep give the company a FlazeL
1mI' of utility vehiclrs. Will) s-Overland will l'ralize an
. . estimated 517 a -hare on'll 2795 compames are hel\\'i,IY in-I,04 sllarcs' of co~mm ts k' .in
def .. . . . on S oC out
Ih J rnse :' Ol k. Willys slandinlt'. Rumors of thp pendiTIlZ: e , eep flS "rll as a Wide deal spnt Willys stock with
Ueber die Gesetzgebung Kaiser Friedrich des Zweyten
No full textUEBER DIE GESETZGEBUNG KAISER FRIEDRICH DES ZWEYTEN
Ueber die Gesetzgebung Kaiser Friedrich des Zweyten ( - )
Cover ( - )
Titelseite ([1]r)
Text (1
Spende für den deutschen Volksbildungsverein. Josef II. R. Deutscher Kaiser
No full textSPENDE FÜR DEN DEUTSCHEN VOLKSBILDUNGSVEREIN. JOSEF II. R. DEUTSCHER KAISER
Spende für den deutschen Volksbildungsverein. Josef II. R. Deutscher Kaiser ( -
Ärztliche Festschrift zur Eröffnung des Städtischen Kaiser Friedrich Bades in Wiesbaden.
No full textBibliographical foot-notes."Das Städtische Kaiser Friedrich Bad. Von Sanitätsrat Dr. R. Friedlaender," p. [1]-55.Mode of access: Internet
Internal shock model for microquasars
No full textWe present a model for the radio outbursts of microquasars based on the assumption of quasi-continuous jet ejection. The jets are 'lit up' by shock fronts traveling along the jets during outbursts. The shocks accelerate relativistic particles which emit the observed synchrotron radiation. The observed comparatively flat decay light curves combined with gradually steepening spectral slopes are explained by a superposition of the radiation of the aging relativistic particle population left behind by the shocks. This scenario is the low energy, time-resolved equivalent to the internal shock model for GRBs. We show that this model predicts energy contents of the radiating plasma similar to the plasmon model. At the same time, the jet model relaxes the severe requirements on the central source in terms of the rate at which this energy must be supplied to the jet. Observations of 'mini-bursts' with flat spectral slopes and of infrared emission far from the source centre suggest two different states of jet ejections: (i) A 'mini-burst' mode with relatively stable jet production and weak radio emission with flat spectra and (ii) an outburst mode with strong variations in the jet bulk velocities coupled with strong radio emission with steeper spectra. We also show that the continuous jets in microquasars should terminate in strong shocks and possibly inflate radio lobes similar to extragalactic jet sources. We investigate the possibility of testing the predictions of this model with resolved radio observations. Finally, we suggest that Doppler-shifted X-ray iron lines, and possibly H-alpha lines, may be emitted by the jet flow of microquasars if thermal instabilities analogous to those in SS433 exist in their jets
The heat transport in Rayleigh-Bénard convection: local scaling exponents
No full textUsing infrared thermography, the dimensionless local wall heat fluxNu(x; y) has been measured with high spatial resolution. The measurements at the heating plate of a cubic Rayleigh-Bénard cell show that the scaling exponent α in the Nu / Ra α scaling law depends on the position with respect to the surface. The results have been obtained in a small aspect ratio cell with αx = 1,αy = 0:26 and clearly show an effect of the sidewalls on the local and therefore also on the global scaling of the heat transport
Spende für den deutschen Volksbildungsverein. Josef II. R. Deutscher Kaiser 1765 1790
No full textSPENDE FÜR DEN DEUTSCHEN VOLKSBILDUNGSVEREIN. JOSEF II. R. DEUTSCHER KAISER 1765 1790
Spende für den deutschen Volksbildungsverein. Josef II. R. Deutscher Kaiser 1765 1790 ( -
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