1,721,149 research outputs found
Invited perspectives: Safeguarding the usability and credibility of flood hazard and risk assessments
Get PDFFlood hazard and risk assessments (FHRAs) and their underlying models form the basis of decisions regarding flood mitigation and climate adaptation measures and are thus imperative for safeguarding communities against the devastating consequences of flood events. In this perspective paper, we discuss how FHRAs should be validated to be fit for purpose in order to optimally support decision-making. We argue that current validation approaches focus on technical issues, with insufficient consideration of the context in which decisions are made. To address this issue, we propose a novel validation framework for FHRAs, structured in a three-level hierarchy: process based, outcome based, and impact based. Our framework adds crucial dimensions to current validation approaches, such as the need to understand the possible impacts on society when the assessment has large errors. It further emphasizes the essential role of stakeholder participation, objectivity, and verifiability in assessing flood hazard and risk. Using the example of flood emergency management, we discuss how the proposed framework can be implemented. Although we have developed the framework for flooding, our ideas are also applicable to assessing risk caused by other types of natural hazards
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Scientific debate of Panta Rhei research – how to advance our knowledge of changes in hydrology and society?
Get PDFThe Scientific Decade 2013–2022 of the International
Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) “Panta Rhei –
Everything Flows” is dedicated to increasing our knowledge
of interactions and feedbacks between hydrology and society.
Research is focused on processes and drivers of change in the
water cycle with a strong consideration of the interactions
with the changing human system. The general objective is to
improve our descriptions and predictions of water resources
dynamics to support sustainable societal development under
global change conditions (Montanari et al. 2013, McMillan
et al. 2016).
With this issue of the Hydrological Sciences Journal we
start the Panta Rhei opinion paper series. The purpose of
the series is to enrich and improve the Panta Rhei approach
via diverse, critical and constructive opinions from different
disciplines, “schools” and experiences. For this, we have identified
key questions and debatable topics, which will be covered
by invited opinion papers over the course of the next two
years. Besides the two papers published in this issue, it is
anticipated that two Panta Rhei opinion papers will be published
in the next few volumes of Hydrological Sciences
Journal at roughly four to six month intervals. The opinion
papers are identifiable via the Panta Rhei logo and the subheading
“Opinion paper” on the front page and will be
electronically linked to the online collection of Panta Rhei
opinion papers. Additionally, we want to motivate a scientific
discussion in response to the contributions and topics
presented
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Probabilistic flood loss modelling for residential buildings
Get PDFHochwasser stellt ein großes Risiko für Wohngebäude in Europa dar, und es wird erwartet, dass das Risiko in der Zukunft aufgrund klimatischer und sozioökonomischer Veränderungen zunehmen wird. Aktuelle Hochwasserrisikomodelle basieren meist auf einfachen Wasserstands-Schadenskurven. Diese Ansätze vereinfachen die Hochwasserschadensprozesse stark, können ungenau sein und bergen große Unsicherheiten, die oft nicht quantifiziert. Die Doktorarbeit stellt die Integration neuer Daten in probabilistische, multivariable Schadensmodelle zur Verbesserung ihrer Übertragbarkeit vor. Diese neuen Datenquellen und Modellierungsansätze werden verwendet, um zukünftige Veränderung des Hochwasserrisikos für Wohngebäude in Europa abzuschätzen und Risikokomponenten zu analysieren. Die Arbeit zeigt, OpenStreetMap (OSM) Daten liefern nützliche Informationen für die Modellierung von Hochwasserschäden und ermöglichen Modelltransfers. Die Integration von aus OSM abgeleiteten Gebäudeeigenschaften und Hochwassererfahrung aus Ereignisdatenbanken in das Bayes’sche Netzwerk basierte Hochwasserschadensmodelle für den privaten Sektor (BN-FLEMOps) ermöglichte die Implementierung auf der Mesoskala. Durch Vergleiche von Schadensschätzungen mit beobachteten Schäden in mehreren Fallstudien in Europa wurde das Modell validiert und detailliert mit einem Ensemble aus 20 Schadensmodellen verglichen. In einer abschließenden Studie werden die zukünftigen Veränderungen des Risikos für Wohngebäude in Europa modelliert. Die erwarteten jährlichen Schäden bis zum Ende des 21. Jahrhunderts werden um das 10-fache ansteigen. Die Britischen Inseln und der größte Teil von Zentral-Europa müssen mit einer starken Risikozunahme rechnen. Teile Skandinaviens und des Mittelmeerraums werden dagegen ein stagnierendes oder abnehmendes Hochwasserrisiko verzeichnen. Eine Verbesserung der privaten Vorsorgemaßnahmen könnte das Hochwasserrisiko im Mittel um 15 % und in einigen europäischen Regionen um bis zu 20 % verringern.Flooding poses great risks for residential buildings in Europe and is expected to increase in the future, driven by climatic and socio-economic change. Current flood risk models rely mostly on simple stage-damage curves for flood loss estimation. This approach oversimplifies flood damage processes, can be inaccurate and harbour large uncertainties that often are not quantified and transparently communicated. This thesis presents research that integrates new data sources into probabilistic, multi-variable loss models to improve their transferability. These new data sources and approaches are used to estimate future fluvial flood risk change for residential buildings in Europe. Contributions of the three risk components, hazard, exposure, and vulnerability are analysed and compared independently and in combination. OpenStreetMap (OSM) data are identified as a valuable source of information for flood loss modelling and enables model transfers while retaining high predictive performance. Integrating OSM derived building characteristics and flood experience information from flood event databases into the Bayesian Network Flood Loss Estimation MOdel for the private sector (BN-FLEMOps) enables the spatio-temporal and scale transformation of the model. The model is validated with reported losses in multiple case studies in Europe and compared in detail with a model ensemble of 20 internationally published flood loss models. In a final study, the future flood risk changes for residential buildings in Europe are modelled. The expected annual damage will increase up to 10-fold until the end of the 21st century. Most of Central Europe and the British Isles have to expect strong risk increases. Parts of Scandinavia and the Mediterranean on the other hand will see stagnating or decreasing fluvial flood risk. Improving private precaution could reduce flood risk by 15 % on average and up to 20 % in some European regions
- …
