7 research outputs found
L’effet modérateur du leadership transformationnel dans la relation entre la santé-sécurité au travail et la performance sociale au travail : une étude auprès du personnel travaillant dans le Bâtiment et les Travaux Publics en Côte d’Ivoire
No full textTo make occupational health and safety a priority for managers, we conducted a research study. The objectives of this study were, on the one hand, to study the relationship between occupational health and safety and the social performance of staff working in the Ivorian construction and public works (BTP) sector and, on the other hand, to study the moderating role of transformational leadership in this relationship. In order to meet these objectives, a qualitative survey was first conducted among 25 construction professionals, which allowed us to deepen our knowledge on the subject. This was followed by a quantitative study, the data of which were collected from five hundred and seven (507) workers using a questionnaire. The results obtained after data processing revealed that there is a positive and significant relationship between occupational health and safety and social performance at work. They also showed that transformational leadership amplifies this relationship. The said results recommend that managers seeking to improve working conditions and the performance of their workers should ensure that written or oral communication is made to convey safety principles and rules, always train line managers on these safety rules and regularly monitor workplaces.
Keywords: Occupational health and safety, social performance at work, transformational leadership, workplace prevention and OHS culture
Classification JEL : J81 M54
Paper type: Empirical ResearchPour faire de la santé-sécurité au travail (SST) une priorité des managers, nous y avons mené une recherche. Celle-ci a eu pour objectifs d’une part, d’étudier la relation qui existe entre la santé-sécurité au travail et la performance sociale du personnel travaillant dans le milieu ivoirien du bâtiment et des travaux publics (BTP) et d’autre part, d’étudier le rôle modérateur du leadership transformationnel dans ladite relation. Dans le but de satisfaire ces objectifs, une enquête qualitative a d’abord été réalisée auprès de 25 professionnels du BTP qui a permis d’approfondir notre connaissance sur le sujet. Il s’est ensuivi une étude quantitative dont les données ont été recueillies auprès de cinq cent sept (507) travailleurs à l’aide d’un questionnaire. Les résultats obtenus après traitement des données, ont révélé qu’il existe une relation positive et significative entre la santé-sécurité au travail et la performance sociale au travail. Aussi, ont-ils montré que le leadership transformationnel amplifie cette relation. Lesdits résultats recommandent aux responsables qui recherchent une amélioration des conditions de travail et une performance de leurs travailleurs de veiller à ce qu’une communication écrite ou orale soit faite pour transmettre les principes et règles sécuritaires, de toujours former les supérieurs hiérarchiques sur ces règles sécuritaires et de contrôler régulièrement les lieux de travail.
Mots clés: Santé-sécurité au travail, performance sociale au travail, leadership transformationnel, prévention au travail et culture SST.
JEL Classification : J81 M54
Type du papier : Recherche empiriqu
L’effet modérateur du leadership transformationnel dans la relation entre la santé-sécurité au travail et la performance sociale au travail : une étude auprès du personnel travaillant dans le Bâtiment et les Travaux Publics en Côte d’Ivoire
No full textTo make occupational health and safety a priority for managers, we conducted a research study. The objectives of this study were, on the one hand, to study the relationship between occupational health and safety and the social performance of staff working in the Ivorian construction and public works (BTP) sector and, on the other hand, to study the moderating role of transformational leadership in this relationship. In order to meet these objectives, a qualitative survey was first conducted among 25 construction professionals, which allowed us to deepen our knowledge on the subject. This was followed by a quantitative study, the data of which were collected from five hundred and seven (507) workers using a questionnaire. The results obtained after data processing revealed that there is a positive and significant relationship between occupational health and safety and social performance at work. They also showed that transformational leadership amplifies this relationship. The said results recommend that managers seeking to improve working conditions and the performance of their workers should ensure that written or oral communication is made to convey safety principles and rules, always train line managers on these safety rules and regularly monitor workplaces.
Keywords: Occupational health and safety, social performance at work, transformational leadership, workplace prevention and OHS culture
Classification JEL : J81 M54
Paper type: Empirical ResearchPour faire de la santé-sécurité au travail (SST) une priorité des managers, nous y avons mené une recherche. Celle-ci a eu pour objectifs d’une part, d’étudier la relation qui existe entre la santé-sécurité au travail et la performance sociale du personnel travaillant dans le milieu ivoirien du bâtiment et des travaux publics (BTP) et d’autre part, d’étudier le rôle modérateur du leadership transformationnel dans ladite relation. Dans le but de satisfaire ces objectifs, une enquête qualitative a d’abord été réalisée auprès de 25 professionnels du BTP qui a permis d’approfondir notre connaissance sur le sujet. Il s’est ensuivi une étude quantitative dont les données ont été recueillies auprès de cinq cent sept (507) travailleurs à l’aide d’un questionnaire. Les résultats obtenus après traitement des données, ont révélé qu’il existe une relation positive et significative entre la santé-sécurité au travail et la performance sociale au travail. Aussi, ont-ils montré que le leadership transformationnel amplifie cette relation. Lesdits résultats recommandent aux responsables qui recherchent une amélioration des conditions de travail et une performance de leurs travailleurs de veiller à ce qu’une communication écrite ou orale soit faite pour transmettre les principes et règles sécuritaires, de toujours former les supérieurs hiérarchiques sur ces règles sécuritaires et de contrôler régulièrement les lieux de travail.
Mots clés: Santé-sécurité au travail, performance sociale au travail, leadership transformationnel, prévention au travail et culture SST.
JEL Classification : J81 M54
Type du papier : Recherche empiriqu
L’effet modérateur du leadership transformationnel dans la relation entre la santé-sécurité au travail et la performance sociale au travail : une étude auprès du personnel travaillant dans le Bâtiment et les Travaux Publics en Côte d’Ivoire
No full textTo make occupational health and safety a priority for managers, we conducted a research study. The objectives of this study were, on the one hand, to study the relationship between occupational health and safety and the social performance of staff working in the Ivorian construction and public works (BTP) sector and, on the other hand, to study the moderating role of transformational leadership in this relationship. In order to meet these objectives, a qualitative survey was first conducted among 25 construction professionals, which allowed us to deepen our knowledge on the subject. This was followed by a quantitative study, the data of which were collected from five hundred and seven (507) workers using a questionnaire. The results obtained after data processing revealed that there is a positive and significant relationship between occupational health and safety and social performance at work. They also showed that transformational leadership amplifies this relationship. The said results recommend that managers seeking to improve working conditions and the performance of their workers should ensure that written or oral communication is made to convey safety principles and rules, always train line managers on these safety rules and regularly monitor workplaces.
Keywords: Occupational health and safety, social performance at work, transformational leadership, workplace prevention and OHS culture
Classification JEL : J81 M54
Paper type: Empirical ResearchPour faire de la santé-sécurité au travail (SST) une priorité des managers, nous y avons mené une recherche. Celle-ci a eu pour objectifs d’une part, d’étudier la relation qui existe entre la santé-sécurité au travail et la performance sociale du personnel travaillant dans le milieu ivoirien du bâtiment et des travaux publics (BTP) et d’autre part, d’étudier le rôle modérateur du leadership transformationnel dans ladite relation. Dans le but de satisfaire ces objectifs, une enquête qualitative a d’abord été réalisée auprès de 25 professionnels du BTP qui a permis d’approfondir notre connaissance sur le sujet. Il s’est ensuivi une étude quantitative dont les données ont été recueillies auprès de cinq cent sept (507) travailleurs à l’aide d’un questionnaire. Les résultats obtenus après traitement des données, ont révélé qu’il existe une relation positive et significative entre la santé-sécurité au travail et la performance sociale au travail. Aussi, ont-ils montré que le leadership transformationnel amplifie cette relation. Lesdits résultats recommandent aux responsables qui recherchent une amélioration des conditions de travail et une performance de leurs travailleurs de veiller à ce qu’une communication écrite ou orale soit faite pour transmettre les principes et règles sécuritaires, de toujours former les supérieurs hiérarchiques sur ces règles sécuritaires et de contrôler régulièrement les lieux de travail.
Mots clés: Santé-sécurité au travail, performance sociale au travail, leadership transformationnel, prévention au travail et culture SST.
JEL Classification : J81 M54
Type du papier : Recherche empiriqu
L’accompagnement des incubateurs comme levier de performance des micros et petites entreprises en démarrage: évaluation d’une cohorte d’incubés du centre d’incubation du district d’Abidjan
No full textCet article analyse l'impact des incubateurs sur les micros et petites entreprises (MPE) en démarrage en Côte d'Ivoire, basé sur une cohorte d'incubés du centre d'incubation du district d'Abidjan. En combinant des approches qualitatives (15 entretiens) et quantitatives (questionnaires auprès de 93 entrepreneurs sur une cohorte de 120 incubés), les résultats montrent que la formation et le coaching ont les influences les plus significatives sur la performance des entrepreneurs. Le conseil a un effet modéré mais significatif, tandis que la mise en relation n'a pas d'impact notable. La recherche souligne l'importance de programmes d'accompagnement adaptés aux besoins des entrepreneurs. Théoriquement, elle enrichit la théorie des ressources et des compétences, et sur le plan pratique, elle suggère de prioriser la formation continue et le coaching personnalisé. Les limites incluent la portée géographie de la recherche et recommandent des travails futurs plus étendues et longitudinales
Identification and analysis of genomic regions influencing leaf morpho-physiological traits related to stress responses in greater yam (Dioscorea alata L.)
No full textData availability: The Illumina NovaSeq 6000 sequencing raw data are available in the NCBI Sequence Read Archive, under the BioProject number: PRJNA918625 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/?term=PRJNA918625). The phenotypic datasets are available from the corresponding author upon request.International audienceBackground: Yams (Dioscorea spp.) are significant food security crops especially in West Africa. With the increasing tuber demand and climate change challenges, it is pertinent to strengthen breeding programs for developing highyielding cultivars with climate resilience. The current study aimed at deciphering the genetic basis of leaf traits related to stress responses in a diverse panel of Dioscorea alata genotypes. Results: Phenotypic characterization of 12 traits, including leaf dry matter content, mean leaf area, net photosynthesis, transpiration rate, transpiration use efficiency, stomatal density, stomatal index, preformed node count, leaf thickness, competitor, stress-tolerator, ruderal ecological strategies emphasized significant variations among the genotypes and across two planting locations. Weak correlations were observed among most of traits, suggesting that breeding simultaneously for some of these stress response-related traits would be possible. Heritability was highest for transpiration rate, leaf area and stomatal density, while it was lowest for stress-tolerator, ruderal ecological strategies. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) using high-quality single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) identified 24 significant associations on 11 chromosomes, where the association signals were consistent across two locations for traits with high heritability, viz., stomatal density (Chr18) and transpiration rate (Chr3). Further characterization of the significant signals and their related alleles identified advantageous alleles contributing positively to the studied traits. Moreover, 44 putative candidate genes were identified. Dioal.18G049300 (3 keto acyl-coenzyme A synthase) was identified as a strong candidate gene for stomatal density, while Dioal.12G033600 (Phosphatidyl inositol monophosphate 5 kinase 4) was identified for net photosynthesis. Conclusion: Taken together, GWAS and allele segregation analysis for key SNPs provided significant insights into the marker-trait associations, which can be further utilized in breeding programs to improve climate resilience in greater yam
Gender differences in faculty rank among academic physicians: A systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textOBJECTIVE: Many studies have analysed gender bias in academic medicine; however, no comprehensive synthesis of the literature has been performed. We conducted a pooled analysis of the difference in the proportion of men versus women with full professorship among academic physicians. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Education Resources Information Center and PsycINFO were searched from inception to 3 July 2020. STUDY SELECTION: All original studies reporting faculty rank stratified by gender worldwide were included. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Study screening, data extraction and quality assessment were performed by two independent reviewers, with a third author resolving discrepancies. Meta-analysis was conducted using random-effects models. RESULTS: Our search yielded 5897 articles. 218 studies were included with 991 207 academic physician data points. Men were 2.77 times more likely to be full professors (182 271/643 790 men vs 30 349/251 501 women, OR 2.77, 95% CI 2.57 to 2.98). Although men practised for longer (median 18 vs 12 years, p<0.00002), the gender gap remained after pooling seven studies that adjusted for factors including time in practice, specialty, publications, h-index, additional PhD and institution (adjusted OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.04 to 3.20). Meta-regression by data collection year demonstrated improvement over time (p=0.0011); however, subgroup analysis showed that gender disparities remain significant in the 2010-2020 decade (OR 2.63, 95% CI 2.48 to 2.80). The gender gap was present across all specialties and both within and outside of North America. Men published more papers (mean difference 17.2, 95% CI 14.7 to 19.7), earned higher salaries (mean difference 25 969 to $40 542) and were more likely to be departmental chairs (OR 2.61, 95% CI 2.19 to 3.12). CONCLUSIONS: Gender inequity in academic medicine exists across all specialties, geographical regions and multiple measures of success, including academic rank, publications, salary and leadership. Men are more likely than women to be full professors after controlling for experience, academic productivity and specialty. Although there has been some improvement over time, the gender disparity in faculty rank persists. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020197414
Genome‐wide association studies reveal novel loci controlling tuber flesh color and oxidative browning in Dioscorea alata
No full textThe Illumina NovaSeq 6000 sequencing raw data are available in the NCBI Sequence Read Archive, under the BioProject number: PRJNA880983. Data will be released upon publication of this manuscript. The phenotypic datasets are available from the corresponding author upon request.International audienceBACKGROUND: Consumers' preferences for food crops are guided by quality attributes. This study aimed at deciphering the genetic basis of quality traits, especially tuber flesh color (FC) and oxidative browning (OB) in Dioscorea alata, based on the genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) approach. The D. alata panel was planted at two locations in Guadeloupe. At harvest, the FC was scored visually as white, cream, or purple on longitudinally sliced mature tubers. The OB was scored visually as the presence or absence of browning after 15 min of exposure of the sliced samples to ambient air.RESULTS: Phenotypic characterization for FC and OB of a diverse panel of D. alata genotypes highlighted significant variation within the panel and across two locations. The genotypes within the panel displayed a weak structure and could be classified into three subpopulations. GWAS identified 14 and 4 significant associations for tuber FC and OB, respectively, with phenotypic variance, explained values ranging from 7.18% to 18.04%. Allele segregation analysis at the significantly associated loci highlighted the favorable alleles for the desired traits, i.e., white FC and no OB. A total of 24 putative candidate genes were identified around the significant signals. A comparative analysis with previously reported quantitative trait loci indicated that numerous genomic regions control these traits in D. alata .CONCLUSION: Our study provides important insights into the genetic control of tuber FC and OB in D. alata. The major and stable loci can be further utilized to improve selection in breeding programs for developing new cultivars with enhanced tuber quality
