1,721,095 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Information et milieu rural au Congo : le cas des régions du Pool et des plateaux
No full text2 volumes, 538 pages.The distribution of information in the rural area of the Congo is frequently inhibited, limited and even prevented by the organization, the functioning and the structural or social loyalties of the individuals and institutions who intervene in this domain. These ruptures are generally due to the ignorance of the intended recipient culture. Also, inappropriate political policies are to blame: their creator are rarely sufficiently concerned neither with the coherence of their discourse nor with the methods and means established in the rural area. Projects have generally been simplified to the point where one has attempted to solve problems of utilization by solutions purely technical; whereas these are the result simply of socio-technical mediations. Other ruptures are caused by the poor training of communication agents which devotes little time neither to communication itself nor to knowledge of the rural milieu. This lack of knowledge is, moreover, the root cause of a deep gulf between information demanded and supply. Faced with agents who do not understand them and with inappropriate information, the rural population adopt attitudes ranging from deviation to rejection. "information of the rural area in the Congo, the case of the regions of Pool and Plateaux" is a study aimed at the improvement of the distribution of information. It highlights the numerous ruptures which hinder, limit or prevent the distribution of information, identifies their principal causes, and proposes changes aimed at a perfect harmony between the sender and the receiver of information in the rural milieu. These improvements are based on negotiation and places the great emphasis on the participation of the peasant in the preparation and diffusion of the information destined for his reception. The revalorization of the recipient implies the taking into account of traditional information systems which in the case of the Congo play a predominant role. It is not a question, at this level, of privileging one system cover another but of rather arriving at a balance in which each means of information and each participant has its place.La circulation de l'information en milieu rural au Congo est souvent gênée, limitée voire empêchée par l'organisation, le fonctionnement, l'appartenance structurelle ou sociale des acteurs et des institutions intervenant dans ce domaine. Ces ruptures sont généralement dues à l'ignorance du destinataire en tant que acteur. Elles sont également le fait des politiques inadaptées. En effet, les concepteurs de ces politiques ne se sont que très rarement soucies de la cohérence de leur discours et des outils mis en place avec le milieu rural. Les projets ont généralement été simplifies au point qu'on a tenté de résoudre des problèmes d'usage par des solutions simplement techniques, alors que ceux-ci sont le résultat de médiations sociotechniques. D'autres ruptures découlent de la formation des agents, une formation qui laisse peu de place à la communication et à la connaissance du milieu rural. Cette méconnaissance est d'ailleurs à la base du profond décalage entre information demandée et information offerte. Devant ces agents qui les ignorent et devant cette information inadaptée, les ruraux adoptent des attitudes qui vont du détournement au rejet. "information et milieu rural au Congo, le cas des régions du pool et des plateaux" est une étude qui s'inscrit dans la perspective de l'amélioration de la circulation de l'information, elle met en exergue les nombreuses ruptures qui gênent, limitent ou empêchent la circulation de l'information, en dégage les causes profondes, et propose quelques aménagements pour une parfaite harmonie entre tous les éléments impliques dans l'information du milieu rural. Ces améliorations ont pour fondement la négociation et laissent une place importante à la participation paysanne dans l'élaboration et la diffusion de l'information qui lui est destinée. La revalorisation du destinataire implique la prise en compte des systèmes traditionnels d'information qui dans le cas du Congo, ont un rôle prédominant à jouer. Il ne s'agit pas à ce niveau de privilégier un système par rapport à un autre, mais d'arriver à un équilibre dans lequel chaque moyen d'information, chaque acteur aura sa place
Technologies de l’information et de la communication, développement et démocratie en Afrique
No full textInternational audienceLes technologies de l’information sont au cœur de la démocratie et donc du développement. Cette vague n’épargne pas les acteurs africains, les gouvernants essayant d’orienter les populations et des populations qui s’en saisissent pour contrôler les gouvernants et exprimer leurs opinions. Tout ceci, est bien entendu à inscrire dans un contexte de dénuement mais aussi d’inventivité. L’Afrique devient donc, sur le plan scientifique, un territoire pertinent, à observer. Mais au-delà de ces usages la question fondamentale reste celle de la démocratie autrement dit, quelle démocratie et quel développement pour l’Afrique
- …
