298 research outputs found
How Indonesia's monetary policy affects key variables
No full textThe objective of this paper is to examine the determination of interest rates, inflation and nominal exchange rates in Indonesia, and investigate the role of monetary policy in affecting these variables. In the short term, monetary policy can be used to protect domestic interest rates from the destabilizing influence of speculative capital flight. In the long run, monetary policy can help lower domestic nominal interest rates by maintaining low inflation and dampening expectation about depreciation. The potential for reducing interest rates through monetary expansion is limited. Domestic inflation is partly a monetary phenomenon but structural factors also affect it. The effects of international inflation are immediate and strong; the effects of wage pushes are smaller and less immediate. Inflation can be reduced to some extent by slowing the growth of money - which strengthens the secondary influence of a slower crawling exchange rate. A managed float is appropriate for maintaining a competitive exchange rate, given the gap between world and domestic inflation caused by structural and monetary factors. Real depreciation of the exchange rate will be necessary to compensate for unanticipated decline in oil income (from lower than expected oil prices).Economic Theory&Research,Economic Stabilization,Environmental Economics&Policies,Macroeconomic Management,Banks&Banking Reform
Global Production Networks and Industrial Upgrading in China: The Case in Electronics Contract Manufacturing.
No full textThe paper analyzes the networks of U.S. and Taiwan based electronics contract manufacturers in South China, today the world´s most important location for low-cost mass production in the electronics industry. Based on extensive empirical research, the paper traces the production sites, the organization of manufacturing, and the workforce policies of contract manufacturers in the region, and discusses perspectives and limits of industrial upgrading, especially with regard to the role of labor. In theoretical terms, the author attempts to integrate an analysis of "global flagship networks" with concepts of industrial sociology.
U.S.-India technology cooperation and capability building : the role of inter-firm alliances in knowledge-based industries
No full textFor more about the East-West Center, see http://www.eastwestcenter.org/U.S.-India Technology Cooperation and Capability Building reviews some Indo-U.S. technology cooperation initiatives and analyzes data on interfirm alliances in knowledge-based industries, especially information technology (IT). It shows that the market driven increase in alliances between Indian and U.S. enterprises has significantly enhanced the variety of linkages between Indian and U.S. entities both public and private, and that these linkages have contributed to capability building and diversification by Indian partners. A variety of spillover benefits of international technology alliances are highlighted. It is suggested that issues relevant for Indo-U.S. cooperation at different levels need to be analyzed together in order to appreciate complementarities across linkages of various types. For example, linkages between public sector entities of the two nations may enhance the potential of private sector networking initiatives. The paper argues that while the building of public institutions and policies relating to trade, technology, and investment remain important for Indo-U.S. technology cooperation, a shift in policy focus to market induced interfirm alliances may be desirable.
This paper was prepared when the author was a Jhamandas Watumull Visiting Fellow at the East-West Center. Supported by the Jhamandas Watumull Fund, the fellowship seeks to promote ecnonomic and technology cooperation between India and the United States through research on key issues in their bilateral relations in these sectors
Author Addendum Conundrum: Comparing Author Use of Copyright Addenda With Publisher Acceptance
No full textThe purpose of this paper is simultaneously to investigate researcher use and awareness of author addenda (e.g., the Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition [SPARC] author addendum) and publisher awareness and acceptance of the same. Researchers at U15 Group of Canadian Research Universities institutions were targeted, and a survey was sent to faculty, graduate, and postdoctoral associations to share with their members. Following a low response rate, the survey was sent to a listserv of copyright librarians in Canada with a message that encouraged them to share it with researchers at their institutions. Eighty-one researchers responded to the survey. Eighty-six percent of researchers (n = 70) indicated that they were unaware of author addenda. Researchers were asked to identify how often they negotiate their publishing agreements, and of those who answered the question, 84.2% (n = 64) responded that they never negotiate. Thirteen publishers or publishing organizations were contacted and asked if they would participate in phone interviews about copyright practices and author addenda. Two large multinational publishers agreed to participate. Both publishers indicated that very few authors attempt to negotiate their agreements and that of those who choose to negotiate, even fewer use addenda. Both indicated that they do not accept the SPARC author addendum. This study’s small sample sizes mean that more information needs to be collected before firm conclusions can be drawn. Based on the responses from the two large publishers, the best way to help Tri-Agency-funded researchers may be for libraries and the Tri-Agency to negotiate with publishers for funder-based exceptions.L’objectif de cet article est d’étudier simultanément l’utilisation et la connaissance des addenda de l’auteur (par exemple, l’addenda de l’auteur de la Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition [SPARC]) et la connaissance et la réception de ceux-ci auprès des maisons d’édition. Les chercheurs des établissements du Regroupement des universités de recherche du Canada U15 ont été ciblés et un sondage a été envoyé aux associations de professeurs, d’étudiants diplômés et de stagiaires postdoctoraux afin d’être partagé auprès de leurs membres. En raison d’un faible taux de participation, un message a été envoyé à une liste de distribution de bibliothécaires en droit d’auteur au Canada pour encourager la diffusion du sondage auprès des chercheurs dans leurs institutions. Quatre-vingt-un chercheurs ont complété le sondage. Quatre-vingt-six pourcent des chercheurs (n = 70) ne connaissaient pas les addenda de l’auteur. Les chercheurs ont été demandés d’identifier la façon dont ils négocient leurs ententes de publication et, parmi ceux qui ont répondu à la question, 84,2% (n = 64) répondaient qu’ils ne négociaient jamais. Treize maisons d’édition ou organismes de publication ont été contactées afin de savoir si elles voulaient participer à des entrevues téléphoniques au sujet du droit d’auteur et des addenda de l’auteur. Deux grandes maisons d’édition multinationales ont accepté de participer. Les deux maisons ont indiqué que très peu d’auteurs tentent de négocier des ententes et que parmi ceux qui décident de négocier, encore moins utilisent un addenda. Les deux maisons ont indiqué qu’elles n’acceptent pas l’addenda de l’auteur SPARC. En se basant sur les réponses des deux grandes maisons d’édition, la meilleure façon d’aider les chercheurs financés par les trois organismes pourrait être que les bibliothèques et les trois organismes négocient avec les maisons d’éditions afin d’obtenir des exceptions basées sur le financement
Latino/Hispanic Participation in Music Programs: Determinants and Recruitment
No full textabstract: Latino/Hispanic students in public high schools are demonstratively underrepresented in music programs throughout the United States. The following literature review synthesizes research that attempts to identify the most significant determinants of participation and explores how such factors can affect students of Latino/Hispanic descent. The study applies an anti-racist perspective to the discussion of determinants by discussing the specific presence of Latino/Hispanic community in the United States and the various ways in which the music education system may fail to represent the ethnic group in the curriculum. The review also studies research that has found ways to better represent and recruit in music programs the largest minority ethnic group in the United States. Key words: Latino, Hispanic, music education, multiculturalism, anti-racism, race, ethnicity, participation gap
PRIVATE INVESTMENT IN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND INTERNATIONAL TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER IN ASIA
No full textThis study addresses the questions of future sources of technology for increasing food and agricultural production by considering the situation in Asia. This region of the world is particularly appropriate for studying these questions because of the dynamic changes in population and incomes. How much private research is there and what is it producing? Will the private sector compensate for declining public agricultural research investments in Asia? What can governments do to stimulate private research and protect farmers from harmful or defective technology? Agribusiness firm's R&D investments were evaluated in selected developing countries during 1996 and 1998 and compared with data from a similar study conducted in the mid-1980s. The largest amount of private research was in India where investment was about $55 million per year in the mid-1990s, followed by Thailand, Malaysia, and China. China's private R&D spending represents less than one one-hundredth of 1 percent of agricultural gross domestic product. In contrast, in Thailand and Malaysia, firms spent about 0.1 percent. From the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s, private sector R&D grew in real terms in the countries in our sample. However, at this rate, private research will not fill the gap needed to support rapid growth in demand for agricultural products. Foreign firms made an important contribution to private research in all of these countries. The most important policy that helped induce this growth was liberalization of industrial policy that allowed private and foreign firms to operate and expand in agricultural input industries. A second important policy was investments in public research. Patents and tax incentives seem to have had little effect so far, but could be important in the future.Agricultural research and development (R&D), private sector R&D, technology transfer, Asian R&D, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,
Archaeology and Contemporary Dynamics for More Sustainable, Resilient Cities in the Peri-Urban Interface
No full textUnderstanding of urban fringes or peri-urban interfaces (PUIs) as zones characterised by rapid transitional change and sprawling urbanisation has increased markedly over recent years. Archaeological evidence also illustrates the pivotal role that peri-urban zones once played in the survivability of ancient urban centres. Over the last three decades, urban growth and associated transitional changes have accelerated in most regions, producing major challenges to the development of resilient cities capable of absorbing climatic, economic and environmental shocks. Globalised processes of industrialisation and market interdependence have remoulded urban fringes, bringing increased environmental impacts, including the loss of natural resources and environmental buffers now recognised as essential for urban resilience. Furthermore, ongoing global environmental change (GEC) and increasing socio-economic inequality are generating new priorities as peri-urban zones consolidate, erode and shift outwards. Given the inadequacies of existing frameworks, we advocate a hybrid approach to PUI planning and design that draws on integrated, agropolitan-type perspectives embedded within a resilient, locally appropriate regional-urban focus within broader socio-spatial and geo-economic systems. Diverse historical and contemporary examples inform the discussion of the PUI planning and design and the identification of policy recommendations for a hybrid planning approach based on adaptive capacity and resilience. Publisher statement: This book is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution- Noncommercial 2.5 License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/) which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited
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