18 research outputs found
Emergence of Cosmic Space and Horizon Thermodynamics from Kaniadakis Entropy
No full textUtilizing Kaniadakis entropy associated with the apparent horizon of the
Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) Universe and applying the emergence of cosmic
space paradigm, we deduce the modified Friedmann equation for a non-flat
(n+1)-dimensional universe. Employing the first law of thermodynamics, we
arrive at the same modified Friedmann equation, showing the connection between
emergence of cosmic space and first law of thermodynamics. We also establish
the condition to satisfy the Generalized second law of thermodynamics within
the Kaniadakis framework. Our study illuminates the intricate connection
between the law of emergence and horizon thermodynamics, offering a deeper
insight through the lens of Kaniadakis entropy
Selection between aztreonam and cephalosporins for treatment of infections with pseudomonads needs more caution
No full textBhoj R Singh Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, IndiaIn the recently published study1 to evaluate the use of aztreonam as an active empiric therapy against subsequent culture of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, empiric therapy failure using aztreonam is reported more common than on using β-lactam antibiotics in patients suffering P. aeruginosa infection. Though the study is interesting and revealing important findings regarding antibiotic use for treatment of P. aeruginosa infection, it should be accepted with caution as suggested by the authors1 repeatedly due to limited number of cases. In our observations on P. aeruginosa (95) and other pseudomonads (40) isolates from veterinary clinical cases we found that instead of generalizing the lesser efficacy of aztreonam in-depth studies are required. Although insignificant, aztreonam inhibited more numbers of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing (57) P. aeruginosa strains (56.1%) than most of the β-lactams including cefotaxime, ceftriaxone and piperacillin (53.3%). However, on non-ESBL producing (37) strains aztreonam inhibited 42.1% isolates, much less than cefepime (68%), ceftriaxone (50%) and piperacillin + tazobactam (61.1%). Therefore, it is suggested to use the two classes of antibiotics (aztreonam and β-lactams) judiciously based on antibiotic stewardship principle1 instead of following some general rule for infections with pseudomonads. Authors’ reply Michael Hogan,1 Mary Barna Bridgeman,1 Gee Hee Min,1 Deepali Dixit,1 Patrick J Bridgeman,1 Navaneeth Narayanan1,21Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administration, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA; 2Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA We appreciate the author of this letter reading our article with such great interest. We believe, however, in this response that here is limited application to the context and overall content of our clinical study of human patients. First, the data cited n this response are from veterinary clinical cases. Though general principles of understanding of antibiotic sensitivity testing and resistance mechanisms apply regardless of species, there are major differences that impede reasonable comparisons between the assertions in this letter and findings of our original study. View the original paper by Hogan and colleague
Characterizing near-surface salinity variability in the northern Bay of Bengal and its potential drivers during extreme freshening years of the 2011–2019 period
No full textFormulation and evaluation of herbal face pack for healthy skincare
No full textAim and Background: This research investigates the formulation and assessment of a herbal face pack, integrating historical insights into plant-based skincare remedies. Methodology: Comprising ingredients like neem, multani mitti, turmeric, aloe vera, papaya, liquorice, and rose water, the face pack is designed to enhance skin health and radiance. The study meticulously details the preparation process, emphasizing the incorporation of traditional practices within modern skincare approaches. Comprehensive evaluation encompasses organoleptic, physicochemical, rheological, irritancy, and stability analyses. Result: The outcomes affirm that the face pack has commendable attributes, including a pleasing fragrance, refined texture, and non-irritating properties. Demonstrating sustained stability, the formulation underscores its potential as a natural and efficacious cosmetic product. This research adeptly integrates age-old wisdom with contemporary scientific scrutiny, underscoring the relevance of exploring traditional skincare practices in a contemporary context. Conclusion: The herbal face pack emerges as a promising solution for fostering luminous and resilient skin through the judicious use of natural constituents.
Keywords: herbal skincare, face pack formulation, natural ingredients, skincare research, traditional practices
Assessment of Antimicrobial Pharmacokinetics Curricula Across Schools and Colleges of Pharmacy in the United States
No full textIntroduction
Advances in technology and understanding of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationships have prompted guideline updates and advances in precision dosing, but the role of clinical pharmacokinetics (PK) in pharmacy education remains inconsistent. Previous surveys of pharmacy school PK curricula revealed large variations in content, integration, and teaching tools but did not focus on antimicrobials or details of andragogy used. Objective
Identify how antimicrobial PK is taught in pharmacy curricula across the United States, as well as instructor perceptions of current practices. Methods
An online survey was distributed to 118 pharmacy programs across the United States in 2018. This 30-minute questionnaire covered curriculum content, teaching strategies, assessment modalities, and perceptions. Results
Completed surveys were received from 53 programs (45% response rate) via relevant course coordinators. Among 35 traditional progressive curriculum programs (TPC), antimicrobial PK was taught in basic science (33, 94%), clinical PK (15, 43%), pharmacology (8, 23%), therapeutics (28, 80%), and skills lab courses (21, 65%). Among 18 integrated block curriculum programs (IBC), it was taught in foundations/principles (17, 94%), organ systems (12, 67%), and skills lab courses (9, 50%). On average, TPC programs had more courses with antimicrobial PK than IBC programs. Vancomycin and aminoglycosides were the most common antimicrobials taught (100%), while didactic lecturing was the predominant andragogy. Multiple choice was the primary assessment modality, being frequently used in 64% of TPC and 68% of IBC courses, respectively. Among respondents, 72% believed more time was needed to teach PK and 53% believed students were adequately prepared at the start of APPEs. Conclusion
Antimicrobial PK instruction remains highly inconsistent in U.S. pharmacy schools and colleges. IBC programs may provide less opportunity for antimicrobial PK instruction, which conflicts with the desire for more instruction time. As clinical applications of antimicrobial PK change and expand, it is crucial that pharmacy education prioritizes PK education appropriately
A sustained ocean observing system in the Indian Ocean for climate related scientific knowledge and societal needs
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