Sumathi Publications (E-Journals)
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Oxidative Puzzle of Female Infertility: A Systematic Narrative Review
No full textOxidative stress, characterized by an imbalance between the production of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the ability of the antioxidant defense systems. It is crucial to the pathophysiology of infertile women, deleterious impacts through the oocyte maturation, ovulatory functions, associated with reproductive disorders as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis. Mitochondria of oocytes and granulosa cells are the leading sources of ROS whose generation is further worsened by ageing, obesity, as well as environmental assaults. Although physiological levels of ROS are necessary to normal follicular growth and ovulation, excessive levels of ROS cause oocyte DNA breakage, meiotic spindle deregulation, and embryonic in survival. The inherent antioxidant enzymes which as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione, give the cellular systems partial protection against oxidative damage, however significant and the exogenous antioxidant supplementation such as vitamins C and E, coenzyme Q10, N-acetyl cysteine as well as Melatonin have shown an encouraging result in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses. Clinical evidence shows that there are better ovarian responsiveness and better oocyte yield and better pregnancy rates in assisted reproductive technologies (ART) especially in women with advanced ovarian age or PCOS. A Cochrane systematic review found a moderate relationship between antioxidant use and increased rates of live births, but the evidence quality was overall low because of the study heterogeneity. Notably, antioxidant interventions were generally well-tolerated and portable with minimal side effects. Future studies ought to focus on more rigorously constructed, high quality, RCTs that are targeted at clinically meaningful end point outcomes like live birth rates as well as consider adjunct parameters of sperm DNA fragmentation, which modifies female reproductive outcomes indirectly. Combination of personalized antioxidant treatment and specific lifestyle changes has a significant therapeutic potential for the female reproductive health and optimizing fertility
Formulation and evaluation of herbal face pack for healthy skincare
Full text linkAim and Background: This research investigates the formulation and assessment of a herbal face pack, integrating historical insights into plant-based skincare remedies. Methodology: Comprising ingredients like neem, multani mitti, turmeric, aloe vera, papaya, liquorice, and rose water, the face pack is designed to enhance skin health and radiance. The study meticulously details the preparation process, emphasizing the incorporation of traditional practices within modern skincare approaches. Comprehensive evaluation encompasses organoleptic, physicochemical, rheological, irritancy, and stability analyses. Result: The outcomes affirm that the face pack has commendable attributes, including a pleasing fragrance, refined texture, and non-irritating properties. Demonstrating sustained stability, the formulation underscores its potential as a natural and efficacious cosmetic product. This research adeptly integrates age-old wisdom with contemporary scientific scrutiny, underscoring the relevance of exploring traditional skincare practices in a contemporary context. Conclusion: The herbal face pack emerges as a promising solution for fostering luminous and resilient skin through the judicious use of natural constituents.
Keywords: herbal skincare, face pack formulation, natural ingredients, skincare research, traditional practices
Emerging Frontiers and Future Directions in Nanomedicine: A Comprehensive Review
Full text linkNanomedicine stands at the forefront of healthcare advancements, leveraging nanotechnology to enhance diagnosis, treatment, and disease prevention. Within this rapidly growing field, nanoparticles exhibit unique traits, such as a notable surface area-to-volume ratio and precise targeting abilities, making them valuable in medical applications. The article delves into diverse types of nanomedicines utilized in the pharmaceutical sector, exploring their potential advantages and examining targeted drug delivery mechanisms. Key breakthroughs, like globally recognized therapies such as Doxil and Abraxane, have emerged from nanomedicine. However, it emphasizes the necessity to address regulatory and ethical considerations to ensure both safety and efficacy. The article sheds light on limitations in targeted drug delivery, including issues like limited drug payload capacity and a lack of specificity, emphasizing the importance of addressing these challenges. Despite hurdles, the future of nanomedicine appears promising, poised to revolutionize personalized medicine, elevate disease detection and treatment, and support tissue regeneration and repair. Integration with artificial intelligence is highlighted as a potential avenue for achieving more precise and efficient drug delivery and disease diagnosis. The article underscores the significance of ongoing investments and collaborations among researchers, healthcare providers, and industry partners to surmount obstacles and unlock the full potential of nanomedicine. In conclusion, nanomedicine stands as a dynamic and promising field with the potential to bring about significant improvements in healthcare outcomes.
Keywords: Nanomedicine, Targeted drug delivery system, Treatment, Healthcare, FDA (food and drug administration)
Hepatoprotective effect of aqueous extracts of Annona senegalensis (Annonaceae) and Hallea ledermannii (Rubiaceae) in alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rat.
Full text linkABSTRACT
Context: Given the high cost of treating diabetics with modern medicine in developing countries like Africa, traditional medicine has become an alternative widely practiced by them for their care. Hence the need to carry out a preclinical test in order to make improved traditional medicines available to diabetics in these countries at lower cost. It is in this context that we undertook to carry out scientific studies that could also promote traditional African medicine. General objective: To evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of aqueous extracts of Annona senegalensis (Annonaceae) (EAAs) and Hallea ledermannii (Rubiaceae) (EAHl), two plants known to be antidiabetic, in diabetic rats of the Wistar strain. Material and methods: The study of the effects of EAAs and EAHl on lipid profile parameters and markers of liver function in non-diabetic rats and in those made diabetic by induction of alloxan at a single dose of 75 mg/ kg of body weight (bw) was carried out after two (2), four (4), eight (8) and thirteen (13) weeks of treatment. Also, the study of the influence of the effects of these aqueous extracts on the liver of these animals was carried out after four (4) and thirteen (13) weeks of treatment. Furthermore, the histological analysis of the liver of the test rats was carried out after measuring the relative weight of this organ, on the 91st day of treatment. Results: After four (4) weeks of treatment, only the value of LDL cholesterol (LDL-c) in rats treated with EAAs (200 mg/kg bw) significantly decreased (p < 0.05) compared to that of controls. untreated diabetics (1.27 ± 0.02 versus 1.18 ± 0.03 g/L). After 91 days of treatment, a significant increase in alkaline phosphatase and protein content was observed in diabetic rats treated with EAHl200 compared to the mean values in untreated diabetic control rats respectively (137.5 ± 2. 50 against diabetic control values 93.50 ± 2.50) and (80 ± 3 g/L against diabetic control values 64 ± 4 g/L). At the same stage of treatment, the relative weight of the liver of all animals did not undergo significant variations (p > 0.05) compared to that of non-diabetic controls. Conclusion: This study highlighted the hepato-protective properties of these extracts in diabetics.
Keywords: Annona Senegalensis, Hallea ledermannii, glibenclamide, hepato-protective, rat- diabetes
A Study of Sympathetic Skin Response in persons with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus
Full text linkBackground: Impairment in Autonomic nervous system constitutes to one of the most serious and important complications in persons with Diabetes. Noninvasive Sympathetic Skin Response (SSR) test assesses the impairment of the sympathetic fibers of the peripheral nerves is widely used and valid markers of autonomic neuropathy. Considering the cost effectiveness of these tests, SSR testing would help us in understanding the prevalence of autonomic dysfunction in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Method: 30 adults diagnosed with T2DM and 25 normal healthy adults who volunteered to participate were assessed for SSR in their foot and hand. SSR was assessed using Neurowerk EMG/NCV equipment capable of assessing SSR. Electrical current was used on the median nerve at the wrist to elicit SSR. Results: SSR was elicited in all participants. In persons with T2DM, mean SSR latency and SSR Amplitude for the hand were 1.587 ± 0.759 secs and 1499 ± 1411 microVolt respectively. The mean SSR Latency and SSR Amplitude for the foot were 2.478 ± 1.247 secs and 39.2 ± 901.07 micro Volts respectively. Characteristics of the SSR curves were discussed. Conclusion: In persons with T2DM, mean SSR latency of hand and foot were 1.587 ± 0.759 and 2.478 ± 1.247 seconds respectively. Mean SSR amplitude of hand and foot were 1499 ± 1411 and 939.2 ± 901.07 microVolts respectively. Mean values SSR Latency & Amplitude of persons with T2DM were significantly different from that of normal healthy adult.
Keywords: Sympathetic Skin Response, Automonic dysfunction, Diabetes mellitus
Formulation and evaluation of herbal paediatric edible jelly of Breynia vitis-idea for helminthic infections
Full text linkAim and Background: This study delves into the exploration of natural anthelmintics to address helminthiasis, a widespread infectious disease caused by parasitic worms. Leveraging the historical use of plants in phytotherapy, the research focuses on the ethanolic extract of leaves of Breynia vitis-idaea for its potential anthelmintic properties. Methodology: The investigation involves phytochemical screening, earthworm bioassays, and the formulation of a child-friendly herbal jelly. Result: The study reveals promising anthelmintic efficacy in ethanolic extract of leaves of Breynia vitis-idaea, particularly at concentrations exceeding 40 mg/mL. The formulated herbal jelly, with Batch F3 exhibiting the desired attributes, offers an appealing solution for parasitic infections in children. The dark green jelly, with a pleasant odor and thick consistency, proves to be a viable alternative to traditional anthelmintic drugs. Conclusion: The study underscores the global shift towards herbal remedies, driven by their natural origin and minimal side effects. In regions with limited access to modern healthcare, the reliance on traditional practitioners and medicinal plants becomes crucial, emphasizing the need to integrate traditional wisdom with scientific validation. As the world faces evolving health challenges, embracing and further exploring the potential of herbal interventions is imperative for resilient and sustainable healthcare systems. The results of this study add to the growing body of evidence that herbal alternatives to conventional anthelmintic drugs are better, especially when it comes to genetic resistance. The study also supports using herbal remedies in healthcare.
Keywords: Breynia vitis-idaea, Anthelmintic activity, Helminthiasis, Jelly
Gastric Ulcer: An overview
Full text linkGastric ulcers are breaks in the mucosa of the stomach lining that penetrate through the muscularis mucosa and extend more than 5 mm in diameter. When alterations occur to the defense mechanisms of the stomach, it can cause changes in the gastric mucosa, eventually resulting in erosion and then ulceration. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection are the two major factors disrupting mucosal resistance to injury. Gastric ulcers are characterized by discontinuation in the inner lining of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract because of gastric acid secretion or pepsin. It extends into the muscularis propria layer of the gastric epithelium. It usually occurs in the stomach and proximal duodenum. It may involve the lower esophagus, distal duodenum, or jejunum. Epigastric pain usually occurs within 15–30 minutes following a meal in patients with a gastric ulcer. Conversely, the pain with a duodenal ulcer tends to occur 2–3 hours after a meal. The treatments for gastric ulcers, such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and histamine-2 (H2) receptor antagonists, have demonstrated adverse effects, relapses, and various drug interactions. On the other hand, medicinal plants and their chemical compounds are useful in preventing and treating numerous diseases.
Keywords: gastric ulcer, NSAIDs, epigastric pain, pathophysiolog
Targeting colorectal cancer with targeted therapies: Pathways
Full text linkColorectal cancer (CRC), one of the world\u27s most prevalent and deadliest tumors, resulted in around 881,000 melanoma fatalities in 2018. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third-most common cause of all cancer-related deaths globally. The ensuing side effects brought on by the toxicity of conventional drugs are a challenging problem associated with chemotherapy. It is understandably problematic to deliver chemotherapeutic medications precisely to the affected site of something like the colon in a predictable and dependable manner. Chemotherapy and surgery were the only options available to cancer patients for a long time. The prognosis for CRC has never been good, especially for patients with metastatic cancers. Targeted therapy, a recent optional method, has been successful in extending the overall survival of CRC patients. Following successes with the anti-EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) drug cetuximab and the anti-angiogenesis drug bevacizumab, new medications that inhibit a variety of critical pathways and immunological checkpoints are being developed at an unheard-of rate. Guidelines for the recommended targeted drugs are being updated globally based on the growing body of high-quality clinical research. This study provides a summary of the present CRC-targeted medications and their underlying mechanisms, along with a discussion of their shortcomings and potential future possibilities.
Keywords: Chemotherapeutic medicines, Bevacizumab, Cetuximab, Colorectal cance
Species of curcuma: a source of anticancer agents
Full text linkCancer alludes to any one of a huge number of maladies characterized by the advancement of irregular cells that isolate wildly and have the capacity to invade and devastate ordinary body tissue. Cancer regularly has the capacity to spread all through your body. Cancer is the second-leading cause of passing in the world. But survival rates are moving forward for numerous sorts of cancer, much obliged to enhancements in cancer screening, treatment and avoidance. Cancer is one of the foremost feared infections which influences individuals all through the globe. Treatment of this malady has been a major challenge for clinicians. With the understanding of the instrument of cancer advancement, it was found that the way of life and nourishment propensity is one of the causes of cancer. Herbs and flavours are minor constituents of our eating less; they have appeared to have a few therapeutic properties with numerous anticancer characteristics. This audit centres on the potential anticancer impacts of species of the sort Curcuma commonly utilize as herbs and flavours customarily.
Keywords: Chemotherapeutic medicines, Cancer, Curcuma, Curcumin.
Stem Cells in Cervical Cancer: An Overview
Full text linkCervical cancer has emerged as the leading cause of women\u27s cancer-related deaths despite screening and vaccination programs. Surgery and chemotherapy help patients with cervical cancer live longer, but they do not provide a permanent cure. Radical surgery is the only option in the advanced stage of cervical cancer, which also affects patients\u27 ability to conceive. Sometimes it also causes the disease to return. As a result, new therapeutics must be developed immediately. According to the CSC hypothesis, a tumor has a hierarchical cellular structure with a small subset of cells called cancer stem cells that induce tumorigenesis. The CSCs\u27 tumor-initiating capacity has been the subject of numerous studies. These CSCs are crucial in tumor metastasis, relapse, and radiotherapy resistance. Because they play a role at the beginning of the spread of the tumor, they are thought to improve outcomes. The most well-known gynecological danger is cervical carcinoma, which shows a high malignant growth death rate in females. As a result, research into cervical cancer has increasingly turned to stem cells from the disease. In this review, we have summarized CSCs and CCSCs as emerging key players in cervical cancer early diagnosis and as a therapeutic target in this cancer.
Keywords: Cancer, Cervical Cancer, Cancer Stem Cell, Cervical Cancer Stem Cell, Human Papilloma Viru