4,298 research outputs found
UČENJE IN RABA TUJIH JEZIKOV NA DIDAKTIČNI KMETIJI
No full textLearning and using foreign languages in a natural environment, in real-life situations at the didactic farm (at the Eder farm) is the theme of this diploma thesis. Nowadays primary schools are more and more aware of teaching different real-life skills outside the school’s own four walls. They do not expect their pupils to learn just for good grades, they want them to learn and prepare for possible situations in their future life.
The first part of the thesis presents the history of teaching and learning outside the classroom, defines the meaning of the term "didactic farm" and presents the Eder didactic farm, its history, ethnological collection, offers, target groups, possible types of visits and topics.
On the basis of four possible foreign language courses during the visits to the didactic farm the results, advantages and disadvantages of teaching foreign language at the didactic farm, responses of children, teachers’ opinions and possibilities of further developments are presented. The hypotheses have all been confirmed, with the remark, that the children have fewer difficulties coping with new ways of FL learning and using then teachers.
The primary aim of the thesis was to find possible improvements for the integration of didactic farms and schools in the local or wider school district. Another goal was to invite them to learn and use foreign languages at a didactic farm that provides appropriate offers, attractive and diverse themes and contributes to the greater prevalence of such foreign language learning in natural environment.Tema diplomskega dela je učenje in raba tujih jezikov v naravnem okolju, v realnem življenju na didaktični kmetiji, natančneje na kmetiji Eder. V zadnjih letih se osnovne šole vse bolj zavedajo pomembnosti poučevanja spretnosti, ki jih bodo učenci potrebovali v vsakdanjem življenju. Šole ne želijo, da bi se učenci učili samo za dobre ocene, ampak da bi izkusili učenje tudi v resničnih situacijah, zunaj šolskih zidov.
Naloga vsebuje pregled zgodovine poučevanja zunaj razreda, definicijo termina didaktična kmetija ter predstavitev didaktične kmetije Eder, njene zgodovine, etnološke zbirke, ponudbe, ciljne skupine, tipov obiskovalcev in tem poučevanja.
Na osnovi predstavitve štirih učnih sklopov so predstavljeni rezultati, torej prednosti in slabosti učenja in rabe tujega jezika na didaktični kmetiji, odzivi otrok iz vrtcev in učencev, mnenja učiteljev ter možnosti nadaljnjega razvoja. Vse predpostavke so bile potrjene s pripombo, da se novemu načinu dela lažje prilagodijo učenci kot njihovi učitelji.
Cilj diplomske naloge je bil najti možne izboljšave povezovanja didaktične kmetije s šolami v ožjem in širšem šolskem okolišu, jih s primerno ponudbo in aktualno tematiko pritegniti k učenju tujega jezika na didaktični kmetiji ter prispevati k večji razširjenosti učenja tujega jezika na didaktičnih kmetijah ali zunaj razreda nasploh
L-carnitine supplementation and the lipid metabolism of rats fed a hyperlipidaemic diet
No full textUntil now, there has been no clear knowledge about the effect of dietary carnitine supplementation on lipid metabolism Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of a dietary L-carnitine supplementation (500 mg/kg) on the lipid metabolism of adult rats. Rats fed a hyperlipidaemic basal diet containing 15% lard and 1% cholesterol were used as an animal model. The feeding period was 6 weeks. As parameters of lipid metabolism, the concentrations of individual lipids in plasma, lipoproteins and liver and the fatty acid composition of liver and erythrocyte total lipids were determined. There were no significant differences between the control group and the group receiving the diet supplemented with carnitine on parameters of animal performance (daily body weight gains and feed conversion ratio). As expected, plasma, very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and liver exhibited high concentrations of cholesterol Concentrations of triglycerides and phospholipids in plasma and individual lipoproteins as well as the concentrations of triglycerides, cholesterol and phospholipids in the liver were nor significantly altered by dietary carnitine supplementation. The concentration of cholesterol in plasma and liver was increased by dietary carnitine. The fatty acid composition of liver and erythrocyte total lipids was not influenced by dietary carnitine supplementation. In conclusions this study does not indicate a lipid-lowering effect of dietary carnitine supplementation in hyperlipidaemic rats. Probably, the essential functions of carnitine in metabolism were realized by carnitine which was synthesized endogenously
Microglial K(+) channel expression in young adult and aged mice.
No full textThe K(+) channel expression pattern of microglia strongly depends on the cells' microenvironment and has been recognized as a sensitive marker of the cells' functional state. While numerous studies have been performed on microglia in vitro, our knowledge about microglial K(+) channels and their regulation in vivo is limited. Here, we have investigated K(+) currents of microglia in striatum, neocortex and entorhinal cortex of young adult and aged mice. Although almost all microglial cells exhibited inward rectifier K(+) currents upon membrane hyperpolarization, their mean current density was significantly enhanced in aged mice compared with that determined in young adult mice. Some microglial cells additionally exhibited outward rectifier K(+) currents in response to depolarizing voltage pulses. In aged mice, microglial outward rectifier K(+) current density was significantly larger than in young adult mice due to the increased number of aged microglial cells expressing these channels. Aged dystrophic microglia exhibited outward rectifier K(+) currents more frequently than aged ramified microglia. The majority of microglial cells expressed functional BK-type, but not IK- or SK-type, Ca(2+) -activated K(+) channels, while no differences were found in their expression levels between microglia of young adult and aged mice. Neither microglial K(+) channel pattern nor K(+) channel expression levels differed markedly between the three brain regions investigated. It is concluded that age-related changes in microglial phenotype are accompanied by changes in the expression of microglial voltage-activated, but not Ca(2+) -activated, K(+) channels
Plasma thyroxine and cholesterol concentrations of miniature pigs are influenced by thermally oxidized dietary lipids
No full textTo investigate the effect of a dietary oxidized oil on thyroid hormone status and circulating cholesterol, we conducted a study with 16 male miniature pigs fed a nutritionally adequate diet with 15% of either fresh or thermoxidized oil for 35 d (n = 8/group). The thermoxidized oil was prepared by heating sunflower oil at 110 degrees C for 48 h. The fresh oil consisted of a mixture of sunflower oil and lard (94:6, v/v) which had a fatty acid composition similar to the thermoxidized oil. At the end of the study, there were no differences in body weight gains and plasma clinicochemical variables between groups, suggesting that the thermoxidized oil did not induce general toxic symptoms. However, pigs fed the thermoxidized oil had significantly higher plasma concentrations of total and free thyroxine (P < 0.05) and a tendency for a higher plasma concentration of thyroid hormone-stimulating hormone (P < 0.1) than pigs fed the fresh oil. Additionally, pigs fed the thermoxidized oil had lower concentrations of cholesterol in plasma, LDL and HDL (P < 0.05), There were significant negative correlations between the plasma concentrations of total (r = -0.29) and free thyroxine (r = -0.40) and that of cholesterol (P < 0.05), suggesting that there is a causal relationship between the changes in thyroxine concentration and the reduction of plasma cholesterol, Our results indicate that there is a close relationship between alterations of thyroid hormone status and cholesterol metabolism in pigs fed a thermoxidized oil, and dietary oxidized fats should be considered in thyroid hormone disorders
Plasma thyroxine and cholesterol concentrations of miniature pigs are influenced by thermally oxidized dietary lipids
No full textTo investigate the effect of a dietary oxidized oil on thyroid hormone status and circulating cholesterol, we conducted a study with 16 male miniature pigs fed a nutritionally adequate diet with 15% of either fresh or thermoxidized oil for 35 d (n = 8/group). The thermoxidized oil was prepared by heating sunflower oil at 110 degrees C for 48 h. The fresh oil consisted of a mixture of sunflower oil and lard (94:6, v/v) which had a fatty acid composition similar to the thermoxidized oil. At the end of the study, there were no differences in body weight gains and plasma clinicochemical variables between groups, suggesting that the thermoxidized oil did not induce general toxic symptoms. However, pigs fed the thermoxidized oil had significantly higher plasma concentrations of total and free thyroxine (P < 0.05) and a tendency for a higher plasma concentration of thyroid hormone-stimulating hormone (P < 0.1) than pigs fed the fresh oil. Additionally, pigs fed the thermoxidized oil had lower concentrations of cholesterol in plasma, LDL and HDL (P < 0.05), There were significant negative correlations between the plasma concentrations of total (r = -0.29) and free thyroxine (r = -0.40) and that of cholesterol (P < 0.05), suggesting that there is a causal relationship between the changes in thyroxine concentration and the reduction of plasma cholesterol, Our results indicate that there is a close relationship between alterations of thyroid hormone status and cholesterol metabolism in pigs fed a thermoxidized oil, and dietary oxidized fats should be considered in thyroid hormone disorders
In Search of the Author of Chronica Polonorum Ascribed to Gallus Anonymus: A Stylometric Reconnaissance
No full textThe article deals with the question of authorship of the thirteenth-century Chronica Polonorum (or Gesta principium Polonorum [The Deeds of the Princes of the Poles]), also known as The Polish Chronicle. It seeks to verify the hypothesis, recently reproposed by Tomasz Jasiński, whereby the author was of Venetian origin. The hypothesis is namely based on the textual similarities observed between Translatio Sancti Nicolai by an author referred to as the ‘Monk of Lido’ (Monachus Littorensis) and the Chronica. The attribution attempt put forth by M. Eder is based upon stylometric methods that measure the frequencies of the most frequent words in the texts under research (mainly, conjunctions, prepositions, pronouns, and particles) which are subsequently subjected to cluster analysis, multidimensional scaling, or principal components analysis. The outcome of the experiment in question has demonstrated a strong resemblance between the Translatio Sancti Nicolai and the Polish Chronicle, which may be regarded as an substantial argument in support of the Venetian background hypothesis
From building blocks to 2D networks
No full textThe aim of this work is to further the understanding of the important parameters in the formation process of 2D nanostructures and therewith pioneer for novel applications. Such 2D nanostructures can be composed of specially designed organic molecules, which are adsorbed on various surfaces. In order to study true 2D structures, monolayers were deposited. Their properties have been investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions as well as under ambient conditions. The latter is a highly dynamic environment, where several parameters come into play. Complementary surface analysis techniques such as low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), X-Ray photo-emission spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy were used when necessary to characterize these novel molecular networks. In order to conduct this type of experiments, high technical requirements have to be fulfilled, in particular for UHV experiments. Thus, the focus is on a drift-stable STM, which lays the foundation for high resolution STM topographs. Under ambient conditions, the liquid-solid STM can be easily upgraded by an injection add-on due to the highly flexible design. This special extension allows for adding extra solvent without impairing the high resolution of the STM data. Besides the device, also the quality of the tip is of pivotal importance. In order to meet the high requirements for STM tips, an in vacuo ion-sputtering and electron-beam annealing device was realized for the post-preparation of scanning probes within one device. This two-step cleaning process consists of an ion-sputtering step and subsequent thermal annealing of the probe. One study using this STM setup concerned the incorporation dynamics of coronene (COR) guest molecules into pre-existent pores of a rigid 2D supramolecular host networks of trimesic acid (TMA) as well as the larger analogous benzenetribenzoic acid (BTB) at the liquid-solid interface. By means of the injection add-on the additional solution containing the guest molecules was applied to the surface. At the same time the incorporation process was monitored by the STM. The incorporation dynamics into geometrically perfectly matched pores of trimesic acid as well as into the substantially larger pores of benzentribenzoic acid exhibit a clearly different behavior. For the BTB network instantaneous incorporation within the temporal resolution of the experiment was observed; for the TMA network, however, intermediate adsorption states of COR could be visualized before the final adsorption state was reached. A further issue addressed in this work is the generation of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) under ultra-high vacuum conditions. A suitable building block therefore is an aromatic trithiol, i.e. 1,3,5-tris(4-mercaptophenyl)benzene (TMB). To understand the specific role of the substrate, the surface-mediated reaction has been studied on Cu(111) as well as on Ag(111). Room temperature deposition on both substrates results in densely packed trigonal structures. Yet, heating the Cu(111) with the TMB molecules to moderate temperature (150 °C) yields two different porous metal coordinated networks, depending on the initial surface coverage. For Ag(111) the first structural change occurs after annealing the sample at 300 °C. Here, several disordered structures with partially covalent disulfur bridges were identified. Proceeding further in the scope of increasing interaction strength between the building blocks, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) were studied under ultra-high vacuum conditions as well as under ambient conditions. For this purpose, a promising strategy is covalent coupling through radical addition reactions of appropriate monomers, i.e. halogenated aromatic molecules such as 1,3,5-tris(4-bromophenyl)benzene (TBPB) and 1,3,5-tris(4- iodophenyl)benzene (TIPB). Besides the correct choice of a catalytic surface, the activation energy for the scission of the carbon-halogen bonds is an essential parameter. In the case of ultra-high vacuum experiments, the influence of substrate temperature, material, and crystallographic orientation on the coupling reaction was studied. For reactive Cu(111) and Ag(110) surfaces room temperature deposition of TBPB already leads to a homolysis of the C-Br bond and subsequent formation of proto-polymers. Applying additional heat facilitates the transformation of proto-polymers into 2D covalent networks. In contrast, for Ag(111) just a variety of self-assembled and rather poorly ordered structures composed of intact molecules has emerged. The deposition onto substrates held at 80 K has never resulted in proto-polymers. For ambient conditions, the polymerization reaction of 1,3,5-tri(4-iodophenyl)benzene (TIPB) on Au(111) was studied by STM after drop-casting the monomer onto the substrate held either at room temperature or at 100 °C. For room temperature deposition only poorly ordered non-covalent arrangements were observed. In accordance with the established UHV protocol for halogenated coupling reaction, a covalent aryl-aryl coupling was accomplished for high temperature deposition. Interestingly, these covalent aggregates were not directly adsorbed on the Au(111) surface, but attached on top of a chemisorbed monolayer comprised of iodine and partially dehalogenated TIPB molecules. For a detailed analysis of the processes, the temperature dependent dehalogenation reaction was monitored by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy under ultra-high vacuum conditions
(Burchell 1822), fed diets with varying protein concentrations
No full textThis study investigated the effect of the dietary protein concentration on lipid concentrations in fillet and liver and concentrations of lipids in plasma and lipoproteins in African catfish. Two experiments were carried out, in which African catfish were fed diets with various protein concentrations. In experiment 1, semisynthetic diets with various concentrations of casein (350, 450 or 550 g protein/kg) were used. In experiment 2, diets were based on a commercial trout diet supplemented with various amounts of casein or carbohydrates, resulting in protein concentrations between 282 and 545 g/kg diet. In both experiments, the dietary protein concentration had a significant effect on growth, feed conversion ratio and carcass composition. Maximum of body weight gains and feed efficiency ratios were reached in both experiments at the highest dietary protein concentrations. Increasing the dietary protein concentration continuously increased masses of fillets and reduced masses of the liver and adipose tissue in the abdominal cavity. Fish fed the diets with the highest protein concentrations had the lowest concentration of total lipids, triglycerides and cholesterol in the fillets, the highest percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in total lipids of fillets and the lowest concentrations of saturated fatty acids (SFA). Fish fed the diets with the highest protein concentration also had the lowest concentrations of triglycerides in the liver, the highest percentages of PUFA in liver total lipids and the lowest percentages of SEA. Moreover, fish fed diets with high protein concentrations (501 and 545 g/kg) had significantly lower concentrations of triglycerides, cholesterol and phospholipids in plasma than fish fed diets with lower protein concentrations. In conclusion, this study shows that the dietary protein concentration does not only influence growth, feed efficiency and carcass composition in African catfish, but also influences their lipid metabolism and lipid concentrations of liver and fillet
COMPARISON OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPLEMENTATIONS IN BUILDINGS
No full textUčinkovita raba energije (URE) in obnovljivi viri energije (OVE) sta izraza, ki se vedno bolj uveljavljata. V gradbeništvu se uporabljajo in razvijajo novi gradbeni materiali z vedno boljšimi lastnostmi ter nove tehnologije grajenja, ki manj obremenjujejo okolje.
V diplomskem delu so analizirane zakonske rešitve in ureditve na področju varčevanja z energijo pri projektiranju novih in obnovi obstoječih stavb v Sloveniji. Poiskali smo razlike pri tehničnih omejitvah med starim in novim pravilnikom, jih analizirali in predstavili novosti in zahteve. Predstavili smo razvoj, obliko in metodologijo izdelave energetske izkaznice za stavbe ter zakonske omejitve. V intervjujih s projektanti in nepremičninskimi agenti smo dobili vpogled v praktične izkušnje in ustaljeno prakso.
Pridobljeni rezultati kažejo na korak naprej k zagotavljanju učinkovite rabe energije v stavbah skozi večje zahteve pri projektiranju in gradnji. Zahtevnost metodologije izračunavanja in upoštevanja URE in OVE kažeta tudi na povečane potrebe po novih univerzitetnih izobraževalnih vsebinah na tem področju.Energy efficiency (EE) and renewable energy sources (RES) are terms that are becoming widely used. The construction industry is developing and using new high quality materials and new building technologies that are less harmful to the environment.
The diploma paper includes the analysis of government solutions and regulations in the area of energy saving in the renovation of old buildings as well as the design of new buildings in Slovenia. We researched the differences in technical restrictions between the old and new regulations, analysed them and presented the innovations and their claims. We demonstrated the development, design and methodology of making the energy certificate for buildings and legal limitations. By interviewing project engineers and estate agents, we gained insight into the practical experiences and established practice.
The acquired results show that we have made a step forward in achieving efficient use of energy in buildings by placing bigger demands on the designing and building stages.
The complexity of the calculation methodology and compliance of EE and RES indicates the increased need for new, updated teaching material in this area
Khoo Kay Kim, professor of Malaysian history : a biobibliometric study
No full textPresents an analysis of the publication productivity, authorship pattern, channels of communication, journal preference and language preference of Professor Dato' Khoo Kay Kim, Professor of Malaysian History in the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur. The results of this biobibliometric study indicate that he can be a role model for future Malaysian historians to emulate his various achievements especially in the field of history education
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