92,391 research outputs found
Comment to: Advanced virtual endoscopy for endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery.
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"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Morphologic and functional correlates of synaptic pathology in the cathepsin D knockout mouse model of congenital neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis
No full textMutations in the cathepsin D (CTSD) gene cause an aggressive neurodegenerative disease (congenital neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis) that leads to early death. Recent evidence suggests that presynaptic abnormalities play a major role in the pathogenesis of CTSD deficiencies. To identify the early events that lead to synaptic alterations, we investigated synaptic ultrastructure and function in presymptomatic CTSD knockout (Ctsd) mice. Electron microscopy revealed that there were significantly greater numbers of readily releasable synaptic vesicles present in Ctsd mice than in wild-type control mice as early as postnatal day 16. The size of this synaptic vesicle pool continued to increase with disease progression in the hippocampus and thalamus of the Ctsd mice. Electrophysiology revealed a markedly decreased frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) with no effect on paired-pulse modulation of the evoked excitatory post synaptic potentials in the hippocampus of Ctsd mice. The reduced mEPSCs frequency was observed before the appearance of epilepsy or any morphologic sign of synaptic degeneration. Taken together, these data indicate that CTSD is required for normal synaptic function and that a failure in synaptic trafficking or recycling may bean early and important pathologic mechanism in Ctsd mice; these presynaptic abnormalities may initiate synaptic degeneration in advance of subsequent neuronal loss
Comment to: A short trapezoidal speculum for suprasellar and infrasellar exposure in endonasal transsphenoidal surgery.
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Title page ([I])
Abkürzungen. (III)
Nachtrag. (IV)
[Tabelle]: Verbesserungen. (IV)
[Tabelle]: I. Uebersicht der während der Drucklegung vorgenommenen Veränderungen in den Post-Bestellbezirken. (V)
[Tabelle]: II. Uebersicht über sämmtliche k. k. Post-Anstalten in den Kronländern: Oesterreich ob der Enns, Salzburg, Steiermark, Kärnthen, Krain und Tirol, dann in dem Fürstenthume Liechtenstein. (VIII)
[Tabelle]: A. In dem Erzherzogthume Oesterreich ob der Enns. B. In dem Herzogthume Salzburg. (VIII)
[Tabelle]: C. In dem Herzogthume Steiermark. (IX)
[Tabelle]: D. In dem Herzogthume Kärnthen. E. In dem Herzogthume Krain. (X)
[Tabelle]: F. In der gefürsteten Grafschaft Tirol mit Vorarlberg. (X)
[Tabelle]: G. In dem Fürstenthume Liechtenstein. (XI)
[Tabelle]: III. Uebersicht der politischen und gerichtlichen Eintheilung der Kronländer Oesterreich ob der Enns, Salzburg, Steiermark, Kärnthen, Krain und Tirol. (XII)
[Tabelle]: A. Erzherzogthum Oesterreich ob der Enns. (XII)
[Tabelle]: B. Herzogthum Salzburg. (XIII)
[Tabelle]: C. Herzogthum Steiermark. (XIII)
[Tabelle]: D. Herzogthum Kärnthen. (XIV)
[Tabelle]: E. Herzogthum Krain. (XV)
[Tabelle]: F. Gefürstete Grafschaft Tirol mit Vorarlberg. (XV)
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Experimental stress-intensity distributions in three-dimensional cracked-body problems
No full textFor over a decade, the first author and his associates have worked towards the development of an optical-experimental-modeling technique for predicting both the flaw shape and the stress-intensity-factor distribution in three-dimensional cracked-body problems where neither are knowna priori. The application is associated with subcritical flaw growth, the precursor to most service fractures. This paper presents an assessment of results obtained by applying the technique which consists of a marriage between frozen-stress photoelasticity and moiré analysis to measure the stress-intensity-factor distribution across a straight-front crack in a body of finite thickness
Author Co-Citation Analysis (ACA): a powerful tool for representing implicit knowledge of scholar knowledge workers
No full textIn the last decade, knowledge has emerged as one of the most important and valuable organizational assets. Gradually this importance caused to emergence of new discipline entitled ―knowledge management‖. However one of the major challenges of knowledge management is conversion implicit or tacit knowledge to explicit knowledge. Thus Making knowledge visible so that it can be better accessed, discussed, valued or generally managed is a long-standing objective in knowledge management. Accordingly in this paper author co- citation analysis (ACA) will be proposed as an efficient technique of knowledge visualization in academia (Scholar knowledge workers)
Advancing Treatment for Pancreatitis: A Prospective Observational Study of TPIAT (POST Study). Protocol, Manual of Procedures, and Case Report Forms
No full textThe included files are the latest versions of the protocol and MOP and of each CRF. The MOP is contained in a .pdf file and describes all study procedures, including details about completing each CRF. The CRFs are contained in a .pdf file; each CRF has a form number and item numbers for each data item collected. When the public-use datasets are published, their data dictionaries will refer to these form numbers and data items.
Regarding the dates listed below, the start date is the date when recruitment started, while the end date is the data of the form 500 confirming a 12-month visit in the POST Study.
Image source: National Library of Medicine vis MedlinePlusThis "dataset" contains supplemental materials only: the final version of the POST Study's protocol, Manual of Procedures (MOP), four survey packs, and Case Report Forms (CRFs), for reference generally and specifically for the public-use datasets, which will be made available after the primary publications appear. Please contact POST study staff at [email protected] to request access to the actual data.National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01-DK109124, PI M. Bellin), National Cancer Institute (U01-DK108327, PI D. Conwell)Bellin, Melena. (2024). Advancing Treatment for Pancreatitis: A Prospective Observational Study of TPIAT (POST Study). Protocol, Manual of Procedures, and Case Report Forms. Retrieved from the Data Repository for the University of Minnesota (DRUM), https://doi.org/10.13020/9M2P-ZE11
Vitamin D with calcium reduces mortality: patient level pooled analysis of 70,528 patients from eight major vitamin D trials.
No full textIntroduction: Vitamin D may affect multiple health outcomes. If so, an effect on mortality is to be expected. Using pooled data from randomized controlled trials, we performed individual patient data (IPD) and trial level meta-analyses to assess mortality among participants randomized to either vitamin D alone or vitamin D with calcium. Subjects and Methods: Through a systematic literature search, we identified 24 randomized controlled trials reporting data on mortality in which vitamin D was given either alone or with calcium. From a total of 13 trials with more than 1000 participants each, eight trials were included in our IPD analysis. Using a stratified Cox regression model, we calculated risk of death during 3 yr of treatment in an intention-to-treat analysis. Also, we performed a trial level meta-analysis including data from all studies. Results: The IPD analysis yielded data on 70,528 randomized participants (86.8% females) with a median age of 70 (interquartile range, 62–77) yr. Vitamin D with or without calcium reduced mortality by 7% [hazard ratio, 0.93; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.88–0.99]. However, vitamin D alone did not affect mortality, but risk of death was reduced if vitamin D was given with calcium (hazard ratio, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.84–0.98). The number needed to treat with vitamin D plus calcium for 3 yr to prevent one death was 151. Trial level meta-analysis (24 trials with 88,097 participants) showed similar results, i.e. mortality was reduced with vitamin D plus calcium (odds ratio, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.88–0.99), but not with vitamin D alone (odds ratio, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.91–1.06). Conclusion: Vitamin D with calcium reduces mortality in the elderly, whereas available data do not support an effect of vitamin D alone. <br/
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