173 research outputs found
Age-specific cancer survival in Estonia: recent trends and data quality
No full textKaire Innos,1 Katrin Lang,2 Kersti Pärna,2 Tiiu Aareleid11Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia; 2Department of Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, EstoniaBackground: A number of population-based studies have demonstrated lower cancer survival in elderly patients than among middle-aged or younger patients. Also, data quality in cancer registries has been shown to be associated with age. The objective of this study was to examine the recent age-specific cancer survival trends and age-specific quality of cancer data in Estonia.Methods: Using Estonian Cancer Registry data, we calculated relative survival ratios (RSRs) for eight common cancers in Estonia in 1995–1999 (cohort method) and 2005–2009 (period method) for four major age groups (15–54, 55–64, 65–74, and 75–84 years at diagnosis). The main data quality indicators were calculated, and the age-specific effect of missing death certificate initiated (DCI) cases on survival was estimated comparing 5-year RSRs computed from the complete data set with those from data set without DCI cases.Results: We observed overall rise in 5-year RSR for all eight cancers over the study period, with a considerable variation by age, with the lowest survival among the oldest patients. The widest age gradient in 5-year RSR was seen for bladder cancer (20% units in 2005–2009), followed by cancers of lung (16% units), kidney (15% units), breast and prostate (13% units), stomach and rectum (11% units), and colon (5% units). All data quality indicators, including proportion of cases with unknown stage showed a similar age-related pattern with the lowest quality in the oldest age group. The effect of missing DCI cases on survival estimates increased by age and was around 3% units for prostate and kidney cancers among the oldest patients.Conclusion: Young or middle-aged patients in Estonia experienced larger survival gain since the late 1990s than elderly patients. Decreasing quality of cancer registry data along with increasing patient age suggests less thorough clinical investigations in older age groups.Keywords: cancer registry, population-based, relative survival, age differences, data qualit
Age, sex and place of residence predicted the diagnosis of late stage colorectal cancer in Estonia
No full textOchrana životného prostredia v banskom práve
No full textOchrana životného prostredia v banskom práve Daniela Dupláková 139 Abstrakt - Abstract Táto práca sa komplexne zaoberá problematikou banského práva v eskej republike a ochranou životného prostredia pri tejto innosti. V tejto práci popisujem proces dobývania nerastov od jeho po iatku, až po jeho ukon enie. Dobývanie nerastného bohatstva je dlhodobým procesom, ktorý býva spravidla zapo atý vyh adaním a prieskumom ložiska nerastu. alšiu fázu tohto procesu tvorí samotné dobývanie nerastu, ku ktorému banská organizácia potrebuje rozdielne povolenia, ako napríklad ur enie dobývacieho priestoru alebo povolenie banskej innosti. Závere ným štádiom dobývania je likvidácia bane alebo lomu. Táto práca popisuje jednotlivé ochrané nástroje vo vz ahu k životnému prostrediu, ktoré sú uplat ované v priebehu celého procesu. V práci sa zaoberám taktiež aj poh adom na možný budúci vývoj banského práva vo vz ahu k zaisteniu vyššej ochrany životného prostredia. "Environmental protection in mining law" This graduate theses deals in details with issues of mininf law in the Czech Republic along with a process of environmental protection that occurs during sach activity. This theses further descrites the actual process of mineral mining since it's very initial stage up until it's final phase. Mineral mining is a long term process...Ochrana životného prostredia v banskom práve Daniela Dupláková 121 Záver Dobývanie nerastného bohatstva bolo od nepamäti v centre záujmu štátu a ostalo ním aj v sú asnosti. Ke že sa jedná o takto významnú innos , je potrebné aby jej výkon bol upravený presnými a jednozna nými pravidlami, ktorými sú v eskej republike predpisy banského práva. Táto úprava sa nachádza v troch základných zákonoch, a to v banskom zákone, zákone o banskej innosti a geologickom zákone. Ustanovenia obsiahnuté v týchto zákonoch sú doplnené a upresnené prostredníctvom právnych predpisov nižšej právnej sily. Pri banskej innosti dochádza k hrubým zásahom do životného prostredia. Mnoho z týchto zásahov je nenávratnej povahy, a preto je nevyhnutné zabezpe i ich obmedzenie banskými predpismi na minimum. V sú asnej dobe platné banské právo neupravuje nástroje špeciálne ur ené na ochranu životného prostredia pri dobývaní, a preto je nevyhnutné vykonáva túto ochranu prostredníctvom zákonov práva životného prostredia, stavebného práva a iných odvetví. Je otázne, že i by v samotnom banskom práve nemali by obsiahnuté nástroje ur ené na predchádzanie a obmedzovanie zásahov do životného prostredia, ke že to je v najvä šej miere postihnuté ažobnou innos ou. V banskom práve sú obsiahnuté inštitúty verejného práva, ale aj práva súkromného. Významnú...Katedra práva životního prostředíDepartment of Environmental LawFaculty of LawPrávnická fakult
Used, blocking and sleeping patents : what do we know about them
No full textThis paper employs data from a large-scale survey (InnoS&T) of inventors in Europe, the USA, and Japan who were listed in patent applications filed at the European Patent Office with priority years between 2003 and 2005. We provide evidence regarding the reasons for patenting and the ways in which patents are being utilized. A substantial share of patents is neither used internally nor for market transactions, which confirms the importance of strategic patenting and inefficiency in the management of intellectual property. We investigate different types of unused patents—unused blocking patents and sleeping patents. We also examine the association between used and unused patents and their characteristics such as family size, scope, generality and overlapping claims, technology area, type of applicant, and the competitive environment from where these patents originate. We discuss our results and derive some implications for innovation and patent policy
SYSGENET: a meeting report from a new European network for systems genetics
No full textThe first scientific meeting of the newly established European SYSGENET network took place at the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) in Braunschweig, April 7-9, 2010. About 50 researchers working in the field of systems genetics using mouse genetic reference populations (GRP) participated in the meeting and exchanged their results, phenotyping approaches, and data analysis tools for studying systems genetics. In addition, the future of GRP resources and phenotyping in Europe was discusse
Deletion of the Lsamp gene lowers sensitivity to stressful environmental manipulations in mice
No full textThe Lsamp gene gives rise to limbic system-associated membrane protein (LAMP), which is expressed on the surface of somata and proximal dendrites of neurons. Lsamp-deficient mice have been shown to be slightly hyperactive in novel environments and less anxious, and they display alterations in swimming speed, fear reaction, fear conditioning and social behaviour. In human studies, links between the LSAMP gene and several psychiatric disorders have been found and LSAMP has been established as a tumour suppressor gene. To study the impact of environmental manipulations on the phenotype, we exposed male Lsamp-deficient mice to environmental enrichment (EE), a technique that has often been shown to abolish phenotypic deviations in knockout mice, and to social isolation, a stressful manipulation, after which all the mice were tested in a behavioural battery. EE abolished differences between the genotypes in body weight and anogenital sniffing, a behaviour related to aggressiveness, and amplified the anxiolytic-like phenotype of Lsamp-deficient mice both in the plus maze and motility box. Isolation abolished differences between the genotypes in body weight and anxiety and amplified the differences in swimming speed and anogenital sniffing. EE and isolation failed to modify the results as compared to standard housing in whisker trimming, locomotor activity, marble burying and corticosterone levels. In conclusion, Lsamp-deficient mice were less sensitive to isolation stress than their wild-type littermates. Lack of LAMP protein seemingly leads to a deterioration in the ability to adapt to novel stressful environments and stimuli
Targeted mutation of CCK2 receptor gene antagonises behavioural changes induced by social isolation in female, but not in male mice
No full textNeuropeptide cholecystokinin (CCK) regulates the adaptation of rodents in the novel environment. In the present study we analysed the behavioural changes induced by the individual housing in mice, lacking CCK2 receptors. The wild-type (+/+) and homozygous (−/−) CCK2 receptor deficient mice of both gender were used throughout the study. The weight gain during the 21-day isolation period and changes in the locomotor activity following the social separation were measured. The elevated plus-maze and resident/intruder tests were also performed to test alterations in the emotional behaviour. Social isolation induced locomotor hyperactivity, reduced weight gain and increased aggressiveness in the wild-type (+/+) and homozygous (−/−) male mice. In the wild-type (+/+) female mice the significant reduction of exploratory activity in the plus-maze was evident. By contrast, in female mice, lacking CCK2 receptors, the exploration of the plus-maze was not significantly affected by the individual housing. This finding demonstrates that the social isolation does not cause anxiety-like state in the CCK2 receptor deficient mice. Moreover, the targeted invalidation of CCK2 receptors increased in male mice the affinity of dopamine D2 receptors in the sub-cortical structures, whereas in female mice the increased affinity of 5-hydroxytryptamine2 (5-HT2) receptors in the frontal cortex was established. The increased affinity of 5-HT2 receptors is probably the compensatory change to the lack of CCK2 receptors in female mice and probably reflects the reduced sensitivity of these animals to the anxiogenic manipulations. In conclusion, targeted mutation of CCK2 receptors selectively antagonised the behavioural changes induced by the individual housing in females, but not in male mice
Análise da mortalidade entre os médicos do estado de Santa Catarina no período de 1996 a 2008.
No full textTrabalho de Conclusão de Curso - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Curso de Medicina. Dapartamento de Clínica Cirúrgica
- …
