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Evaluation of physiopathological effects of acamprosate use on small intestines in alcohol dependent rats by using isolated organ bath
Full text linkYüksek Lisans TeziAlkol bağımlılığında psikolojik ve farmakolojik tedavi seçenekleri bir arada uygulanmaktadır. Farmakolojik ajanlar arasında en güncel olan ilaç ise akamprosattır. İlaçların tedavi edici etkilerinin yanı sıra yan etkilerinin de bilinmesi uygulamada tedavinin başarısı açısından son derece kıymetlidir. Alkol bağımlılığında akamprosat kullanımının sıklıkla sindirim şikayetlerine yol açtığı görülmektedir. Bu nedenle mevcut çalışmada akamprosatın ince bağırsaklar üzerindeki fizyopatolojik etkileri incelenmiştir. Çalışmada Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi KONÜDAM Deneysel Tıp Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi'nden temin edilen 32 adet Wistar Albino cinsi dişi sıçan kullanılmıştır. Sıçanlar; Grup 1 (Kontrol grubu), Grup 2 (Kronik alkol grubu), Grup 3 (Akamprosat grubu) ve Grup 4 (Akamprosat+ alkol+ SF grubu) olmak üzere 4 gruba ayrılmıştır. Grup 1'e, 21 gün intragastrik entübasyon ile 10 mg/kg/g serum fizyolojik uygulanmıştır. Grup 2'ye, 21 gün intragastrik entübasyon ile 10 mg/kg/g ethanol ve 10 mg/kg/g serum fizyolojik birleşimi uygulanmıştır. Grup 3'e, 21 gün intragastrik entübasyon ile 200 mg/kg/g akamprosat ve 10 mg/kg/g serum fizyolojik birleşimi uygulanmıştır. Grup 4'e, 21 gün intragastrik entübasyon ile 200 mg/kg/g akamprosat, 10 mg/kg/g ethanol ve 10 mg/kg/g serum fizyolojik birleşimi uygulanmıştır. 21. gün, sıçanların alkol yoksunluk sendromları gözlemlenerek skorlanmıştır. Grup 2 ve Grup 4'ün alkol yoksunluk verileri istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur (p<0.05). 22.gün, sıçanların ince bağırsak dokuları alınmış ve 2'şer cm'lik kesitler hazırlanarak izole organ banyosuna asılmıştır. Her 15 dakikalık zaman dilimi içerisinde gerçekleşen gerimler kaydedilmiş ve istatistiksel olarak analiz edilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen izole organ banyosu ölçümlerinin analizinde öncelikle tüm grupların gerim verileri, kendi spontan gerim değeriyle kıyaslanarak zaman içerisindeki değişimleri değerlendirilmiştir. Deney gruplarının kontraksiyon verilerinin birbirleriyle kıyaslanması sonucunda ise Grup 2, Grup 3 ve Grup 4'teki verilerin kontrol grubunun verilerine kıyasla anlamlı bir düşüş gerçekleştirdikleri tespit edilmiştir (p<0.05). Grup 4 ve Grup 2'nin kontraksiyon verilerinin birbiriyle kıyaslanması sonucunda ise Grup 4'ün Grup 2'ye kıyasla anlamlı bir düşüş gerçekleştirdiği tespit edilmiştir (p<0.05). Akamprosatın ince bağırsak düz kas kontraksiyon gerim değerlerini düşürdüğü, ince bağırsak motilitesini azalttığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca bu etkinin alkolün motilite azaltıcı etkisinden daha güçlü olduğu da anlaşılmıştır. Mevcut verilere dayanarak; akamprosat kullanımı süresince, kişilerin ince bağırsak sağılığının belirli periyotlarla kontrol edilmesinin ve takibinin gerçekleştirilmesinin önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir. Akamprosat kullanımının ince bağırsaklarda oluşturabileceği riskler hakkında ise yeni çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.Psychological and pharmacological treatment options are applied together in alcohol addiction. The most current drug among pharmacological agents is acamprosate. It is seen that the use of acamprosate in alcohol dependence often leads to digestive complaints. Therefore, in the present study, the physiopathological effects of acamprosate on the small intestines were investigated. 32 Wistar Albino female rats were used in the study. Rats; It was divided into 4 groups as Group 1, Group 2, Group 3 and Group 4. 10 mg/kg saline was administered to Group 1 by intragastric intubation for 21 days. Group 2 was administered a combination of 10 mg/kg ethanol and 10 mg/kg saline with 21 days of intragastric intubation. Group 3 was administered a combination of 200 mg/kg acamprosate and 10 mg/kg saline with intragastric intubation for 21 days. Group 4 was administered a combination of 200 mg/kg acamprosate, 10 mg/kg ethanol and 10 mg/kg saline with 21 days of intragastric intubation. On day 21, the alcohol withdrawal syndromes of the rats were scored by observing them. Alcohol withdrawal data of Group 2 and Group 4 were statistically significant (p<0.05). As a result of the comparison of the contraction data of the experimental groups with each other, it was determined that the data in Group 2, Group 3 and Group 4 had a significant decrease compared to the data of the control group (p<0.05). When the contraction data of Group 4 and Group 2 were compared with each other, it was determined that Group 4 had a significant decrease compared to Group 2 (p<0.05). It has been determined that acamprosate decreases small intestine smooth muscle contraction tension values and decreases small intestine motility. It has also been found that this effect is stronger than the motility-reducing effect of alcohol. Based on the available data; During the use of acamprosate, it is thought that it is important to control and follow-up the small intestine health of people at certain periods. There is a need for new studies on the risks that the use of acamprosate may cause in the small intestines
The Relationship of Acamprosate and Small Intestine in Alcoholic Rats
Full text linkABSTRACTObjective: Acamprosate, which is used to reduce alcohol use relapse in alcohol use disorder; It was aimed to evaluate its side effects and its effectiveness in the small intestine.Materials and Methods: The related study was carried out on 20.9.2021-25.10.2021. In the study, 32 Wistar Albino female rats were used. Saline at a concentration of 10 mg/kg/g was given to the control group. The alcohol group received 10 mg/kg/g ethanol diluted with 10 mg/kg/g saline. Acamprosate group received 200 mg/kg/g acamprosate diluted with 10 mg/kg/g saline. In the total group, 10 mg/kg/g ethanol was diluted with 10 mg/kg/g saline before being combined with 200 mg/kg/g acamprosate. Alcohol withdrawal symptoms on the 21st day were studied. The small intestinal tissues were hung in the isolated organ wash on the 22nd day.Results: Alcohol withdrawal syndrome results from both the alcohol and total groups were significant (p&lt;0.001). Small intestine contractions in the alcohol, acamprosate, and total groups were substantially lower than in the control group (p&lt;0.001). When the total group\u27s small intestinal contractions were compared to the alcohol group\u27s, a significant reduction (p&lt;0.001) was detected.Conclusion: It was understood that acamprosate affects the functioning of smooth muscles due to its activity on calcium channels. Acamprosate has been shown to reduce small intestinal contractions and motility. It was also discovered that this impact is stronger than alcohol\u27s contraction-reducing effect
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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