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Pola nafkah petani kopi: kajian petani kopi di desa tertinggal di Kabupaten Jeneponto
Get PDFKemiskinan sangat identik dengan masyarakat petani, jeratan kemiskinan seolah menjadi penyakit masyarakat yang sudah turun temurun. Salah satu faktor yang memperparah kondisi ini adalah kurangnya sumber daya masyarakat petani dalam mengelola potensi yang dimiliki.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pola nafkah petani kopi di sebuah desa tertinggal. Penelitian ini melibatkan 70 keluarga petani yang diwawancarai. Analisis data menggunakan pendekatan data kuantitatif yang kemudian didukung dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, ketidakmampuan petani dalam memenuhi kebutuhannya sepenuhnya bukan karena kurangnya pendapatan petani namun, ketidakmampuan petani dalam mengelola keuangan dalam rangka memenuhi kebutuhan keluarga. Pendapatan petani yang tidak merata sepanjang tahun dimana petani hanya akan mendapatkan pendatan lebih di masa musim panen kopi dan hortikultura yaitu pada bulan April, Mei dan Juli, selebihnya petani hanya menggantungkan pendapatannya pada tanaman hortikultura jangka pendek dan sektor lain diluar pertanian seperti buruh bangunan di kota, berdagang, supir dan lain-lain. Sehingga secara umum masyarakat petani akan nampak miskin akibat ketidakmampuannya dalam memenuhi kebutuhannya. Oleh karena itu, untuk dapat mengelola kebutuhan diperlukan adanya peningkatan sumberdaya petani dalam mengelola pendapatan sehingga mampu merencanakan pemenuhan kebutuhan keluarga dalam satu tahun
Analisis Mutu Fisik Dan Kimia Biji Kakao Berdasarkan Pola Ketinggian Lokasi Tanam di Kecamatan Bua Kabupaten Luwu
Get PDFCocoa is a smallholder plantation plant that is spread in various parts of Indonesia. demand for cocoa in the domestic and world markets. an opportunity for Indonesia to make cocoa as a plantation commodity whose role is expected to be able to encourage the national economy. In terms of quality, Indonesian cocoa is not inferior to world cocoa, if it is fermented properly. The quality of cocoa beans is a very important element so efforts are needed to maintain and maintain it. The quality of cocoa beans is determined by various factors, including the use of superior seeds, the process of cacao cultivation, the post-harvest handling process as well as climatic, weather and topographic conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine the physical and chemical quality characterization of cocoa based on the pattern of planting height. The results of the study for physical quality parameters showed that there was no significant effect between the observation variables, namely the height of the planting location with physical test parameters including the length and diameter of the cocoa pods and the number of beans per fruit and per 100 grams, but overall the physical quality of cocoa beans for all Observation parameters are included in the grade A quality category based on SNI standards. Based on the parameters of the chemical quality of cocoa beans, it shows that there is no significant effect of the variable location of the tested cocoa plant height on the fat content of cocoa beans, for the observation variables of cocoa bean moisture content and ash content, each has a significant effect where cocoa plants are above 200 mdpl tends to have higher moisture and ash content than cocoa plants planted at a planting height lower than 200 mdpl. However, in general, the chemical quality of cocoa based on fat content, moisture content and ash content at each observation location was classified as good, which still met the best standards based on SNI cocoa quality standards.Kakao merupakan tanaman perkebunan rakyat yang tersebar di berbagai pelosok wilayah Indonesia, permintaan akan kakao di pasar dalam negeri dan dunia, menjadi satu peluang bagi Indonesia menjadikan komoditas kakao sebagai komoditas andalan perkebunan yang nantinya diharapkan peranannya mampu mendorong perekonomian nasional. Dari segi kualitas, kakao Indonesia tidak kalah dengan kakao dunia dimana bila dilakukan fermentasi dengan baik. Mutu biji kakao merupakan elemen yang sangat penting sehingga diperlukan upaya untuk tetap menjaga dan mempertahankannya, mutu biji kakao ditentukan oleh berbagai faktor diantaranya adalah penggunaan bibit yang unggul, proses budidaya tanaman kakao, proses penanganan pasca panen maupun kondisi iklim, cuaca dan topografi. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui karakterisasi mutu fisik dan kimia kakao berdasarkan pola letak ketinggian tanamnya. Hasil penelitian untuk parameter mutu fisik menunjukan bahwa tidak ada pengaruh signifikan antara variabel pengamatan yaitu ketinggian lokasi tanam dengan parameter uji fisik baik yang meliputi ukuran panjang dan diameter buah kakao maupun jumlah biji perbuah dan per 100 gramnya, namun secara keseluruhan mutu fisik biji kakao untuk semua parameter pengamatan masuk dalam kategori mutu grade A berdasarkan standar SNI. Berdasarkan parameter mutu kimia biji kakao menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada pengaruh nyata variabel pengamatan lokasi tinggi tanaman kakao yang di uji terhadap kandungan lemak biji kakao, untuk variabel pengamatan kadar air biji kakao dan kadar abu, masing masing mempunyai pengaruh yang nyata dimana tanaman kakao di atas 200 mdpl cenderung memiliki kadar air dan kadar abu yang lebih banyak dibandingkan tanaman kakao yang ditanaman pada ketinggian tanam lebih rendah dari 200 mdpl. Namun secara umum mutu kimia kakao berdasarkan kadar lemak, kadar air dan kadar abu pada masing masing lokasi pengamatan tergolong baik, dimana masih memenuhi standar terbaik berdasarkan standar mutu kakao SNI
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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