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Role of Ethics in Modern Day Research
No full text<h1><span>I<span><span>ntroduction</span></span></span></h1>
<p><span>Research is one method of acquiring information. Most research projects involving people are geared toward enhancing human health, knowledge, cultural understanding, and general understanding. Research of this sort is conducted for a variety of reasons, including the alleviation of human suffering, the verification of scientific or social theories, the evaluation of policymaking, and the eradication of ignorance </span><span><span>(George, 2016)</span></span><span>. Researchers are provided a variety of freedoms and protections to ensure the continued autonomy of the research community in institutions of higher learning. The rights include the right to enquire and disseminate research findings. As a result, researchers and institutions conducting human subject studies must be aware that this freedom comes with considerable responsibility for ensuring the study is carried out in compliance with the highest ethical and scientific standards. Due to the high risks involved in achieving reliable and comprehensive findings, researchers' actions are under intense scrutiny. It is the responsibility of all researchers, regardless of their field, to ensure that the rights and well-being of their subjects are respected and protected. Researchers are responsible for upholding the values of truth, openness, accountability, honesty, and adherence to professional norms. The ethical responsibility of researchers is to protect their participants and alleviate any psychological or physical distress and social or physical threats. Negligence allegations are reduced when people act ethically. A branch of philosophy called ethics focuses on what is good or bad, right or wrong </span><span><span>(Qamar, 2018)</span></span><span>. </span></p>
<p><span>Ethics in the context of research is concerned with providing guidelines for researchers, monitoring and interpreting research, and establishing procedures to ensure ethical study </span><span><span>(Bos, 2020)</span></span><span>. A survey of the history of research suggests that the idea of research ethics extends beyond the rules laid forth in a code of ethics to incorporate not only the writer's intellectual and moral perspective but also the discourse and lessons learned across generations as a result of mistakes made in the past </span><span><span>(Braun et al., 2020)</span></span><span>. Ethics is highly critical and is considered to be a crucial component. A researcher needs to ensure that they present accurate data without making any mistakes. In addition, when authors are ethical, they are more likely to work together on their research projects, earning their superiors' respect and their peers' confidence. Researchers must treat all participants with fairness, integrity, and respect to accomplish this objective. By keeping ethical issues in mind, it is commonly established that each contributor's intellectual property rights must be protected. The researcher needs to have a complete understanding of all ethical principles governing research procedures before starting the project's research phase. The term "ethics in research" refers to a set of principles that should be followed as the standard for how researchers should act </span><span><span>(Žukauskas et al., 2018)</span></span><span>. Research ethics' main objective is to ensure that nobody is ever harmed or negatively impacted by the researcher's or the research's operations. In order to prevent any unethical behavior in an individual, group, society, or organization, a study must be created. Researchers are also morally obligated to protect the welfare of any human or animal subjects involved in their studies.</span></p>
<h1><a name="_Toc131428895"></a><span>Conceptual Background</span></h1>
<p><span>The majority of people, when they think about ethics (or morality), think of rules for determining what is right and what is wrong. One example of such a guideline is the "Golden Rule," which states, "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you"</span><span><span>(Gensler, 2013)</span></span><span>. <span> </span>This exemplifies a code of ethics for professionals. Most people understand "ethics" to mean a set of principles that outline the boundaries between right and wrong behavior. Several disciplines tackle the question of morality, including philosophy, psychology, law, neuroscience, and sociology. Decision-making and problem-solving in complicated situations need an ethical framework, which can be considered an ethical method, attitude, or style of understanding. Ethics is a set of moral principles that guide one's actions, views, and perspectives </span><span><span>(Cascio et al., 2021)</span></span><span>. Ethics refers to the body of rules and concepts that govern what constitutes right and wrong action.</span></p>
THE STUDENTS’ SPEAKING ABILITY WITH (ICARE) MODEL
Get PDFThe research aimed at finding out the improvement of students’ speaking ability by using Introduction, Connection, Application, Reflection, Extend (ICARE) Model at Class VIII.B in MTs. Muallimin Muhammadiyah Makassar. The method of this research was Classroom Action Research that consisted of two cycles. One cycle consisted of four meeting. It means that there were eight meeting in two cycles. This classroom action research was done at MTs. Muallimin Muhammadiyah Makassar for English subject. As subject in this research was Class VIII.B in Junior High School in 2012-2013 Academic Years with student’s number as about 29 students. Those consist of 29 women. Instruments are speaking test and observation sheet. The findings of this research were the improvement of the students’ speaking ability in terms of speaking accuracy and speaking fluency in which the mean score of diagnostic test was 5.17, the mean score of cycle I was 6.06 and the mean score of cycle II was 7.21. The result above indicated that there was significant improvement of the students’ speaking ability in terms of speaking accuracy and speaking fluency in the application of form Introductioon, Connection, Application, Reflection, Extend (ICARE) Model at class VIII.B in MTs. Muallimin Muhammadiyah Makassar.</jats:p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
PEDOMAN HIDUP DALAM AL-QUR'AN: MEMAHAMI PRINSIP-PRINSIP BIMBINGAN DAN PENYULUHAN ISLAMI
Get PDFIslamic guidance and counseling is an effort to provide assistance to someone who is experiencing difficulties, both outwardly and inwardly, which concerns life, today and the future. So in this paper using literature theory, the author will explain what is meant by Islamic guidance and counseling, the purpose of Islamic guidance and counseling and the principles of Islamic guidance and counseling. So that it can be concluded that guidance and counseling is an effort to help others who experience difficulties and inner distress and life
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Students' Vocabulary Achievement By Using List Group Label
Get PDFThe research aimed to find out the improvement of the students' vocabulary mastery by List Group Label (LGL) at the first year students of SMP Nasional Makassar in 2011/2012 Academic Year. The researcher used a classroom action research method with the cycle I and cycle II design, where each cycle consisted of four meetings. It employed vocabulary test instrument. A number of subjects of the research were 25 students in the first year class. They consisted of 12 women and 13 men. The research took real data from the school to know the students' vocabulary mastery. The research findings indicated that using List Group Label (LGL) could improve the students' nouns from cycle I to cycle II, whereas in cycle I the students' achievement in nouns was 57.70%, but after evaluation in cycle II, the students' nouns became 73.80%. On the other hand, the students' verbs developed too from cycle I to cycle II, wherein cycle I the students' achievement in verbs was 57.60%, but after evaluation in cycle II, the students' verbs became 74.60%. The findings indicated that there was the improvement in the students' vocabulary mastery from cycle I to cycle II, wherein cycle I the students' vocabulary mastery was 57.70%, but after evaluation in cycle II, the students' vocabulary mastery became 74.20%. While the standard targeted achievement was 62%
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