4,914 research outputs found
On the concealment of Ante Pavelić in Austria in 1945-1946
No full textBased on available American and British documents and thus-far unconsulted papers left behind by Ante Pavelić, the leader of the Independent State of Croatia, the author analyzes Pavelić’s concealment
in Austria and the role of Western agencies therein. Some of the relevant literature indicates that the Catholic Church and Western agencies took part in Pavelić’s concealment. The author concludes that all such conjecture lacks any foundation in the available sources
Evaluating Rural Electrification Projects - Methodological Approaches
No full textIn recent years, the international community has expanded efforts in programme evaluation to improve the accountability of development projects. This paper presents approaches to implementing state-of-the-art evaluations in rural electrification projects, taking into account specific challenges that researchers face in such interventions. Furthermore, it suggests a particular approach to assess impacts before an intervention is implemented by surveying the yet non-electrified target region of the project and, in addition, an already electrified region. Besides delivering robust evidence on impacts, results from such ex-ante evaluations provide insights for the project design, thereby reducing the gap between evaluation researchers and practitioners.Impact evaluation, ex-ante impact assessment, electricity access, rural development
Modelling heterogeneity to estimate the ex ante value of biotechnology innovations
No full textAfter more than a decade of GM crops, literature reports farmers and consumers can gain significantly from the technology, despite the intellectual property rights assigned to the innovator. In this paper we assess the effect of heterogeneity on this distribution of benefits. A two dimensional framework is created to assess the ex ante benefits of an innovation. Given this setting and the scarce data often available, a parametric modelling approach is taken. The two dimensions of heterogeneity, spatial and temporal, are explicitly modelled as they have a different importance for different technologies. Using this framework we can simulate different corporate pricing strategies and evaluate the benefits generated under changing heterogeneity. The framework is tested on the introduction of HT sugar beet in the EU-27.Heterogeneity, Parametric modelling, ex ante, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,
The role of soil organic matter in agroecosystem
No full textOrganska tvar tla je važan čimbenik u očuvanju ekosustava u svijetu te je njena prisutnost u tlima od ključne važnosti za nesmetano odvijanje nekoliko ključnih funkcija tla. Kao izvor biljnih hraniva i osnovni činitelj strukture tla, uloga organske tvari u agroekosustavu se ogleda kroz utjecaj na fizikalna, kemijska i biološka svojstva tla, ciklus kruženja hraniva, proces mineralizacije, sekvestraciju hraniva, degradaciju polutanata u tlu, kontrolu vrste i brojnosti organizama u tlu, fiksaciju CO2, i dr. Smanjenjem zaliha organske tvari u tlu lošom poljoprivrednom politikom i praksom je uzrokovalo i smanjenje prinosa i bioraznolikosti. Proteklih nekoliko desetljeća se čovjekovim aktivnostima sadržaj organske tvari i organskog ugljika u tlu smanjuje što uzrokuje mnoge štetne pojave poput erozije, slabljenja vitalnosti tla te pojačanog napada štetnika uzgajanih kultura. Mikroorganizmi imaju važnu ulogu u mnogim vitalnim procesima koji se odvijaju u tlu te je od iznimne važnosti očuvati bioraznolikost tla. Potrebna je jača kontrola implementacija skupa aktivnosti koji će dovesti do smanjivanja gubitaka organske tvari a samim time i zaustavljanja procesa uništavanja bioraznolikosti. Postoji skup aktivnosti koji pomažu u očuvanju i povećanju organske tvari tla poput upotrebe komposta, reducirane obrade tla, povećanja proizvodnje biomase te primjene zelene gnojidbe.Organic matter is an important factor in preservation of the global ecosystems and its presence in the soil is of crucial importance for the smooth running of several key soil functions. As the source of plant nutrients and the primary factor of soil structure, the role of organic matter in the agroecosystem is reflected through the influence on physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil, the cycle of plant nutrients, mineralization process, sequestration of the nutrients, degradation of pollutants in the soil, control of the species and number of organisms in the soil, CO2 etc. Reduction of the stock of organic matter in soil by poor agricultural practice has also led to decrease in crop yield and biodiversity. Over the past few decades human activity has reduced the content of organic matter and organic carbon in the soil causing many harmful effects like erosion, decrease of the soil vitality and intensified pest attack. Microorganisms play an important role in many vital processes that take place in the soil and it is of utmost importance to preserve soil biodiversity. There is a need for stronger control of the implementation of a set of activities that will reduce the losses of organic matter and thereby halt the process of destroying biodiversity. There is a set of activities which help in the preservation and increase of soil organic matter such as compost usage, reduced soil treatment, increase in biomass production and green fertilization
Are EU spatial ex ante coexistence regulations proportional?
No full textThe EU is currently struggling to implement coherent coexistence regulations on genetically modified (GM) and non-GM crops in all member states. While it stresses that any approach needs to be “proportionate to the aim of achieving coexistence”, very few studies have actually attempted to assess whether the proposed spatial ex ante coexistence regulations (SEACERs) satisfy this proportionality condition. In this article, we define proportionality as a functional relationship which is weakly increasing in the incentives for coexistence. We propose a spatial framework based on an existing landscape and introduce the new concept of shadow factor as a measure for the opportunity costs induced by SEACERs. This enables comparing the proportionality of (i) rigid SEACERs which are based on large isolation distances imposed on GM farmers versus (ii) flexible SEACERs based on pollen barrier agreements between neighboring farmers. Our theoretical and empirical findings argue for flexibility as rigid SEACERs violate the proportionality condition and, hence, are not consistent with the objectives of the EU.policy analysis, GIS, shadow factor, Agricultural and Food Policy, Crop Production/Industries,
Economic Impact of Rural Development Plan 2007 2013 in Tuscany
No full textIn 2007 in every European Union region, involved in the planning of Rural Development Plan (RDP), an independent evaluator should asses the impact of the plan in term of value added and productivity. Each region has adopted different methodologies but few of them have followed the indications of Common and Monitoring Evaluation Framework (CMEF) to evaluate the net value deriving by direct and indirect effect. IRPET, the Independent evaluator of Tuscany, utilising REMI-IRPET model has assed the impact of RDP on the main economic variables until 2020. Among 30 different measures it has been chosen only 5 of them that cover more than 54% of total amount of public and private investments. The economic impacts are also evaluated at provincial level.evaluation, regional model, rural development, Community/Rural/Urban Development,
Attitudeveranderingen, modellen en ex-ante evaluaties
No full textIn de wetenschappelijke literatuur over mobiliteitsgedag spelen attitudes van mensen sinds ongeveer 25 jaar een belangrijke rol. Tot voor kort werden attitudes als min of meer stabiel verondersteld. Recente inzichten geven aan dat attitudes kunnen veranderen onder invloed van mobiliteitsgedrag en de gebouwde omgeving. We stellen dat, als hiervan sprake is, dit belangrijke consequenties zou moeten hebben voor enerzijds modellen, en anderzijds ex-ante evaluaties van mogelijke beleidsopties. In dit CVS-paper leggen we uit waarom attitudes kunnen veranderen, hoe attitudes in de huidige gedragsmodellen zijn opgenomen, en hoe ze de ex-ante beoordeling van mogelijke beleidsopties mogelijk kunnen beïnvloeden. We stellen dat juist innovatieve beleidsopties, meer dan mainstream opties, waarschijnlijk leiden tot attitudeveranderingen, en dat het niet in beschouwing nemen van die veranderingen, het saldo van baten en kosten van die opties negatief kan beïnvloeden. We doen suggesties voor toekomstig onderzoek.Transport and Logistic
Who is the author of Political Sparkles – Ivan Mažuranić, Ante Starčević or ...?
No full textČlanak razmatra autorstvo niza od 24 aforizma, objavljena pod naslovom Političke iskrice. Tekst je tiskan u prvom hrvatskom oporbenom demokratskom glasilu Slavenskom Jugu od 10. prosinca 1848. do 20. siječnja 1849. i potpisan je inicijalima prvoga i posljednjeg slova latinske abecede – A. Z. Prije pola stoljeća Josip Horvat pripisao je autorstvo navedenoga niza pjesniku i odvjetniku Ivanu Mažuraniću (1814–1890), a potom je ta atribucija postala prevladavajuća u istraživačkoj literaturi. Međutim pomnija raščlamba teksta i iskaza dovela je do zanimljiva otkrića.
Stavovi i izričaji u ovom spisu bliže su diskursu mladoga doktora filozofije Ante Starčevića (1823–1896) nego glasovitoga pisca iz Novoga Vinodolskog. Ponajprije se navodi nekoliko razloga u potkrjepu hipoteze o Mažuranićevu mogućem autorstvu, a potom su izneseni argumenti koji dokazuju da je njegovo autorstvo sporno ili manje vjerojatno. Istraživanje dalje pokazuje kako aforistični niz Političke iskrice obiluje sintagmama i misaonim konstrukcijama koje se mogu prepoznati u djelima i jednoga i drugog autora, ali prema brojnim usporedbama i uvidima više se ponavljaju u Starčevićevim predstavkama, govorima, poslanicama i člancima. Sadržajna raščlamba teksta pokazuje isto tako da su ideje bliže djelima i autorima koje je čitao i proučavao buntovnik iz Like. Usporedba stajališta dvaju autora doista pokazuje ne samo stanovitu blizinu i sličnost stila nego i srodnost njihove argumentacije što je moglo dovesti u zabludu dobre poznavatelje opusa i jednoga i drugoga pisca. Zaključna prosudba dokazuje kako stil, jezik, forma, sadržaj, nazori i poruke uspoređeni s njihovim cjelokupnim stvaralaštvom znatno više govore u prilog autorstvu samotnika iz Žitnika. Tako glasi odgovor na pitanje u naslovu članka – autor nije pjesnik i odvjetnik Ivan Mažuranić, nego vjerojatno mladi doktor filozofije i zatočnik hrvatskih pravica Ante Starčević.This paper questions the authorship of the series of 24 aphorisms published under the title Political Sparkles. The text was printed in the first Croatian oppositional democratic journal Slavenski Jug from 10 December 1848 to 20 January 1849 and signed by the initials of the first and the last letter of the Latin alphabet – A. Z. Half a century ago, Josip Horvat ascribed the authorship of this series of aphorisms to the poet and lawyer Ivan Mažuranić (1814–1890). The attribution became afterwards predominant in the research literature. However, an attentive analysis of the text brought to an interesting discovery.
Attitudes and expressions in these aphorisms are more prone to the discourse of the young philosophy doctor Ante Starčević (1823–1896) than to that of the famous writer from Novi Vinodolski. The paper first sets out several reasons in favour of the hypothesis of the possible authorship of Mažuranić, and then outlines the evidences that prove that his authorship is contestable or improbable. Further research has shown that the series Political Sparcles abounds in phrases and constructions that are recognisable in the works of both authors, but after numerous comparisons and insights they appear more frequently in the petitions, addresses, epistles and articles of Starčević. A detailed analysis of the text shows that the ideas are closer to those in the works and authors that were read and studied by the rebel from Lika Starčević. Comparison between the attitudes of the two writers brings to light not only a striking proximity and a similarity of style, but also a closeness of their arguments that might have placed excellent experts on the horns of dilemma. The exposed arguments lead to the conclusion that the style, language, form, content, views, and messages of the Political Sparkles with regard to their whole opus of the two authors speak considerably more in favour of the anachorete from Žitnik. That is the answer to the question in the title – the author is not the poet and barrister Ivan Mažuranić, but in all likelihood the philosophy doctor and champion for Croatian state rights Ante Starčević
Ekonomska teorija in ex ante regulacija
No full textEconomic theory and ex ante regulation. In this article the author deals with the question in which cases the state or its competent regulatory body should perform ex ante regulation on \u27liberalized\u27 infrastructure markets. The author for this purpose applies economic theory as an instrument for assessing merits of ex ante regulation. The author in this regard ascertains that ex ante regulation means intensive public authority intervention on the market, which should be applied only exceptionally in a market economy. A typical example when ex ante regulation should be performed, is the so called bottleneck situation, i. e., a situation when two cumulative conditions are met. Namely, when there is an infrastructure indispensable for business activities on the downstream market but there is no active substitute because of a natural monopoly effect, and when there is no potential substitute that would discipline the owner of the sole infrastructure because of sunk costs.
Povzetek. V tem članku se avtor ukvarja z vprašanjem, v katerih primerih naj država oziroma njena pristojna regulatorna telesa na "liberaliziranih" infrastrukturnih trgih vršijo ex ante regulacijo. V ta namen uporablja ekonomsko teorijo kot instrument za presojo utemeljenosti ex ante regulacije. Avtor v tej zvezi ugotavlja, da je ex ante regulacija intenzivno oblastno poseganje na trg, ki se v tržnem gospodarstvu uporablja le izjemoma. Tipičen primer, ko naj se vrši ex ante regulacija, je t. i. položaj "ozkega grla", položaj, ko sta kumulativno izpolnjena dva pogoja, in sicer ko gre za infrastrukturo, ki je neophodna za poslovanje oz. delovanje podjetja na spodnjem, vertikalno povezanem trgu, vendar zaradi učinka naravnega monopola ne obstaja dejanski substitut, in ko zaradi učinka nepovratnih oz. ireverzibilnih stroškov ne obstaja potencialen substitut, ki bi discipliniral lastnika oziroma imetnika edine infrastrukture
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