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Production of berley (Hordeum vulgare L.) on the family farm "Katarina Jukić"
No full textCilj rada bio je prikazati proizvodne resurse, uvjete, provedenu agrotehniku i rezultate proizvodnje zrna ječma na OPG-u „Katarina Jukić“. Istraživanje je provedno osobnim uvidom u proizvodne površine, u provođenje agrotehničkih mjera, u stanje usjeva, i poslovne zapise istraživanoga OPG-a, te prikupljanjem relevantnih podataka iz stručne literature i meteoroloških izvješća. Analizirani su vremenski uvjeti tijekom perioda proizvodnje, popraćene su agrotehničke mjere koje su provedene te svi ostali čimbenici koji su direktno ili indirektno mogli utjecati na proizvodnju ječma.
Nakon analize agroekoloških uvjeta proizvodnje ječma u promatranom vegetacijskom razdoblju 2020./2021. godine, zaključuje se da su vremenske prilike tijekom vegetacijske sezone bile općenito povoljne, uz povremeno kraća odstupanja od optimalnih uvjeta. Uzgoj ječma je obavljen na plodnom ravničarskom tlu sjeveroistočne Hrvatske. Agrotehničke mjere obavljene su pravovremeno, uz minimalne poteškoće. Obrada tla bila je pravilna kao i zaštita usjeva koja je izvršena na vrijeme određenim insekticidima i fungicidima. Ostvareni prinos ječma na OPG-u bio je zadovoljavajućih 6 t/ha, a nakon žetve isporučen je u silose Poljoprivredne zadruge Jankovci, koja je otkupljivač zrna ječma za potrebe pivarske industrije.The aim of the work was to present the production resources, conditions, implemented agrotechnics and results of barley grain production on the Family farm "Katarina Jukić". The research was conducted by personal insight into the production areas, the implementation of agrotechnical measures, the condition of the crops, and the business records of the researched farm, and by collecting relevant data from professional literature and meteorological reports. Weather conditions were analyzed during the production period, the agrotechnical measures that were implemented, and all other factors that could directly or indirectly affect barley production were monitored.
After analyzing the agroecological conditions of barley production in the observed vegetation period 2020/2021, it is concluded that the weather conditions during the vegetation season were generally favorable, with occasional short deviations from optimal conditions. Barley was grown on the fertile plain soil of northeastern Croatia. Agrotechnical measures were carried out in a timely manner, with minimal difficulties. Soil cultivation was correct, as was crop protection, which was carried out on time with adequate insecticides and fungicides. The realized yield of barley at the farm was a satisfactory 6 t/ha, and after harvesting it was delivered to the silos of the Jankovci Agricultural Cooperative, which is the buyer of barley grains for the needs of the brewing industry
Maize productivity in intercropping systems of tropical areas
No full textGlavni prioritet istraživanja združene sjetve u današnje vrijeme je poboljšanje učinkovitosti korištenja resursa što je unatoč brojnim starijim istraživanjima i dalje aktualna tematika. Združena sjetva, koja podrazumijeva istovremeni uzgoj dvaju ili više različitih usjeva na istoj površini, ima značajan potencijal u unapređenju poljoprivredne proizvodnje, osobito u tropskim područjima. Ovaj sustav uzgoja donosi brojne prednosti, uključujući povećanje produktivnosti, očuvanje plodnosti tla, te poticanje bioraznolikosti. Poboljšanje učinkovitosti korištenja resursa u združenoj sjetvi uključuje detaljno proučavanje brojnih biotičkih i abiotičkih čimbenika koji utječu na međusobne interakcije biljnih vrsta. Posebna pažnja posvećuje se boljoj iskoristivosti hranjivih tvari, vode, svjetlosti i vegetacijskog prostora, kao i mehanizmima koji omogućuju smanjenje konkurencije i povećanje komplementarnosti između usjeva. U tom kontekstu, sve više se primjenjuju i napredne metode procjene učinkovitosti kao što su omjer ekvivalentne vrijednosti zemljišta (EZO) i relativne ukupnosti prinosa (RUP), te modeli koji uzimaju u obzir agroekološke i klimatske specifičnosti određenog područja. U tropskim regijama, koje čine značajan udio u svjetskoj proizvodnji kukuruza, združena sjetva doprinosi većoj sigurnosti u opskrbi hranom, jačanju ekonomske stabilnosti te održivom razvoju lokalnih zajednica. Kombiniranjem kukuruza s drugim kulturama povećava se učinkovitost korištenja dostupnih resursa. Prema brojnim istraživanjima, najproduktivniji sustavi združene sjetve u tropskim krajevima uključuju leguminozne biljke, i to u različitim oblicima rasporeda – poput sjetve u redovima ili trakama. Ovakvi sustavi često rezultiraju većim ekvivalentnim prinosima u usporedbi s monokulturnim (samostalnim) uzgojem kukuruza. Unatoč pozitivnim rezultatima, postoji stalna potreba za daljnjim istraživanjem i prilagodbom sustava združene sjetve specifičnim agroekološkim, ali i društveno-ekonomskim uvjetima koji prevladavaju u tropskim regijama.The main priority of intercropping research today is to improve resource use efficiency, which, despite numerous older studies, remains a current topic. Intercropping, which involves the simultaneous cultivation of two or more different crops on the same surface, has significant potential for improving agricultural production, especially in tropical areas. This cropping system brings numerous advantages, including increased productivity, preservation of soil fertility, and promotion of biodiversity. Improving resource use efficiency in intercropping involves a detailed study of numerous biotic and abiotic factors that influence the interactions of plant species. Special attention is paid to better utilization of nutrients, water, light, and vegetation space, as well as mechanisms that enable reduced competition and increased complementarity between crops. In this context, advanced efficiency assessment methods such as equivalent land ratio (EZO) and relative total yield (RUP), as well as models that take into account the agroecological and climatic specificities of a particular area, are increasingly being applied. In tropical regions, which account for a significant share of global maize production, intercropping contributes to greater food security, strengthening economic stability and sustainable development of local communities. Combining maize with other crops increases the efficiency of using available resources. According to numerous studies, the most productive intercropping systems in the tropics include legumes, in various forms of arrangement – such as sowing in rows or strips. Such systems often result in higher equivalent yields compared to monoculture (independent) maize cultivation. Despite the positive results, there is a constant need for further research and adaptation of intercropping systems to the specific agro-ecological, but also socio-economic conditions prevailing in tropical regions
The diameter of the vacuum plate hole as a factor of sowing quality
No full textOvaj rad temelji se na sustavnim laboratorijskim ispitivanjima s ciljem utvrđivanja utjecaja promjera i broja otvora sjetvene ploče na kvalitetu sjetve kukuruza pomoću pneumatske sijačice MaterMacc Twin Row-2. Korištenjem sjetvenih ploča sa zadanim promjerom otvora Ø 5,5 mm i varijabilnim brojem otvora (n = 12–33), pri radnim brzinama od 4, 8 i 12 km/h, analizirani su ostvareni razmaci između zrna, koeficijent varijacije (KV), odstupanja od teorijske vrijednosti te sklop biljaka po hektaru. Rezultati su pokazali da se najbolji rezultati postižu pri nižim brzinama (4–8 km/h) uz ploče s 22–27 otvora, gdje su KV vrijednosti bile ispod 10%, a odstupanja od teorijskog razmaka minimalna. Sjetvene ploče s većim brojem otvora (n = 33) pri višim brzinama sjetve (12 km/h) uzrokuju značajno povećanje odstupanja i varijance u razmaku, što negativno utječe na sklop.Najviši ostvareni sklop iznosio je 76.202 biljke/ha, dok su odstupanja u razmaku kod hibrida Kamparis pri 12 km/h dovela do potencijalnog gubitka preko 1600 biljaka/ha. Uočeno je da morfologija zrna također ima značajnu ulogu; hibrid P0023 pokazao je veću toleranciju na različite konfiguracije ploča.This thesis is based on systematic laboratory testing aimed at determining the effect of the diameter and number of holes on the seed plate on the sowing quality of maize using the pneumatic planter MaterMacc Twin Row-2. Seed plates with a fixed hole diameter of Ø 5.5 mm and varying hole counts (n = 12–33) were tested under operating speeds of 4, 8, and 12 km/h. The analysis focused on the achieved intra-row seed spacing, coefficient of variation (CV), deviations from theoretical spacing, and resulting plant population per hectare. The results showed that optimal precision was achieved at lower sowing speeds (4–8 km/h) with plates containing 22–27 holes, where CV values were below 10% and spacing deviations minimal. Conversely, plates with 33 holes at higher speeds (12 km/h) caused significant increases in spacing variability and deviation, negatively impacting plant population density. The highest recorded stand was 76,202 plants/ha, while the observed spacing irregularities for the hybrid Kamparis at 12 km/h resulted in a potential loss exceeding 1,600 plants/ha. Additionally, the seed morphology played an important role; hybrid P0023 demonstrated higher tolerance to varying plate configurations, maintaining stable spacing with low CV
Drying fruit with a tunnel dryer Unitherm UT-120 on OPG Boić
No full textOvaj završni rad prikazuje cjelokupan proces sušenja jabuka u tunelskoj sušari Unitherm UT-120, korištenoj u okviru obiteljskog poljoprivrednog gospodarstva OPG Boić. Sušenje je jedan od najčešćih načina konzerviranja voća, a primjenom suvremene tehnologije moguće je osigurati kvalitetan i tržišno konkurentan proizvod. U radu su predstavljene teoretske osnove sušenja voća, tehničke karakteristike tunelske sušare te konkretan postupak pripreme i sušenja jabuka. Proces uključuje odabir plodova, njihovu pripremu, određivanje parametara sušenja i kontrolu uvjeta rada sušare. Sušenje je provedeno pri temperaturi od 55 do 65 °C tijekom 6 do 8 sati, čime je postignut gubitak mase od oko 85 %, a krajnji proizvod zadržao je poželjne senzorske osobine – boju, okus i teksturu. Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju da sušara Unitherm UT-120 omogućuje učinkovito sušenje uz uštedu energije i očuvanje kvalitete. Proizvodnja sušenih jabuka na OPG-u Boić tako predstavlja primjer uspješne male prerade koja dodaje vrijednost domaćem voću i otvara mogućnosti za proširenje ponude na tržištu.This final paper presents the complete process of apple drying using the Unitherm UT-120 tunnel dryer, employed at the family farm (OPG) Boić. Drying is one of the most common methods of fruit preservation, and with the application of modern technology, it is possible to achieve a high-quality and marketable product. The paper covers the theoretical background of fruit drying, technical characteristics of the tunnel dryer, and the practical procedure for preparing and drying apples. The process includes fruit selection, preparation, setting of drying parameters, and monitoring dryer conditions. Drying was carried out at a temperature range of 55 to 65 °C for 6 to 8 hours, resulting in a mass reduction of approximately 85%, while maintaining desirable sensory qualities such as color, taste, and texture. The results show that the Unitherm UT-120 dryer enables efficient drying with energy savings and quality retention. The production of dried apples at OPG Boić is a successful example of small-scale processing that adds value to domestic fruit and opens new market opportunities
Livestock grazing as an option for croatian farmers
No full textCilj rada bio je istražiti koje prednosti i nedostatke donosi napasivanje stoke tijekom pašne sezone umjesto sadašnje prevladavajuće prakse cjelogodišnje hranidbe uskladištenim krmivima. Istraživanje je pokazalo da Hrvatska posjeduje značajne resurse za proizvodnju voluminozne krme. Krmno bilje se uzagaja na oko 100.000 ha obradivog zemljišta i raste na oko 800.000 do 1,5 milijuna ha trajnih travnjaka (ovisno o godištu statističkog ljetopisa). Napasivanje stoke se može provoditi na trajnim travnjacima, na oraničnim krmnim kulturama i u silvo-pastoralnim sustavima. U prilog napasivanju stoke idu nalazi da je ispaša oko 50 % jeftinija od uskladištenih krmiva, te da je kvaliteta izvornog, svježeg zelenog biljnog materijala, uvijek veća od bilo kojeg uskladištenog oblika od iste voluminozne krme. Zbog toga je u krmnim sustavima s uključenom ispašom korisno maksimalizirati udio ispaše u ukupnoj godišnjoj konzumaciji krmiva. To se postiže produžavanjem pašne sezone u kasnu jesen i do početka zime, i sinkronizacijom najvećih hranidbenih potreba stoke s najvećom ponudom ispaše. Za održavanje tratine u dobroj kondiciji (brzoga porasta i visokog godišnjeg prinosa) potrebno je nakon kratke ispaše omogućiti dovoljno dugo razdoblje nesmetane regeneracije tratine. Za održavanje tla u povoljnom stanju poroznosti i plodnosti, potrebno je pašnjake rasteretiti od stoke tijekom zime i tijekom razdoblja kada je tlo raskvašeno (poslije jače ili duže kiše). Za pašno stočarstvo treba odabrati otpornije pasmine koje su skromnijih zahtjeva za smještajem i hranidbom, te bolje iskorištavaju voluminozna krmiva (jersey i aubrac) u odnosu na najmodernije intenzivne pasmine (holstein i belgijsko plavo govedo). Pronađeni nedostatci napasivanja jesu potreba kontinuiranog prilagođavanja ponudi ispaše i stanju na terenu, koje je obično vrlo dinamično. Pašna sezona može biti prekinuta zbog nedostatka ispaše tijekom ljetne suše ili zbog očuvanja tla i tratine u slučaju jače kiše, pa je zbog toga potrebno imati na raspolaganju uskladištena voluminozna krmiva i tijekom pašne sezone. Produktivnost (po grlu) stoke na paši bez prihrane koncentratima je značajno manja od produktivnosti stoke hranjene obrocima bogatima koncentratima, što može biti suprotno ambicijama farmera, iako mikroekonomski ne mora biti slabije od intenzivne proizvodnje.The aim of the study was to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of livestock grazing during the grazing season instead of the current prevailing practice of feeding stored fodder all year round. The research showed that Croatia has significant resources for the production of forage. Forage plants are grown on about 100,000 ha of arable land and grow on about 800,000 to 1.5 million ha of permanent grasslands (depending on the year of the statistical yearbook). Grazing of livestock can be carried out on permanent grasslands, on arable forage crops and in silvo-pastoral systems. The findings in favor of livestock grazing are that grazed herbage is about 50 % cheaper than stored forage, and that the quality of the original, fresh green plant material is always higher than any stored form of the same forage. Therefore, in feeding systems with grazing included, it is useful to maximize the share of grazed forage in the total annual fodder consumption. This is achieved by extending the grazing season into late autumn and early winter, and by synchronizing the highest nutritional needs of livestock with the highest pasture herbage supply. To maintain the grassland in good condition (rapid growth and high annual yield), it is necessary to allow a sufficiently long period of undisturbed regeneration of the grassland after short grazing. To maintain the soil in a favorable state of porosity and fertility, it is necessary to relieve the pastures of livestock pressure during the winter and during periods when the soil is wet (after heavy or prolonged rain). For grazing livestock, more resistant breeds should be selected that have modest housing and feeding requirements, and make better use of forages (Jersey and Aubrac) compared to the modern intensive breeds (Holstein and Belgian Blue). The shortcomings of grazing have been found to be the need for continuous adaptation to the pasture herbage supply and to the situation on pastures, which is usually very dynamic. The grazing season may be interrupted due to a lack of herbage during a summer drought or to preserve the soil and sward in the event of heavy rain, so it is necessary to have stored forages available during the grazing season. The productivity (per head) of grazing livestock without supplemental concentrates is significantly lower than the productivity of livestock fed diets rich in concentrates, which may be contrary to the ambitions of farmers, although the microeconomic may not be poorer than in intensive systems
Foreign trade exchange of agricultural and food products after the accession of the Republic of Croatia to the European Union
No full textRad analizira vanjskotrgovinsku razmjenu ključnih poljoprivredno prehrambenih proizvoda biljnoga i animalnoga podrijetla Republike Hrvatske od 2014. do 2023. godine. Kroz rad je analizirana količinska i vrijednosna bilanca vanjskotrgovinske razmjene. Za reprezentativne primjere poljoprivredno-prehrambenih proizvoda biljnoga podrijetla uzeti su kukuruz, pšenica, ječam, soja, suncokret i uljana repica, dok je za poljoprivredno-prehrambene proizvode animalnoga podrijetla uzeto goveđe i svinjsko meso te mesa peradi.
U deset godina članstva u EU, vanjskotrgovinska bilanca hrvatske poljoprivrede pokazuje izražene razlike između biljnog i stočnog sektora. Biljni sektor je konkurentan s značajnim izvoznim suficitom, posebno u razmjeni žitarica i uljarica. Kukuruz je najvažniji izvozni proizvod s kontinuiranim viškom i u količini i u vrijednosti, ukazujući na stabilnu proizvodnu osnovu. Nasuprot tome, stočni sektor ima kronično negativnu trgovinsku bilancu. Unatoč blagom porastu izvoza goveđeg mesa, visoki uvoz tovne junadi održava deficit. Svinjogojstvo je u dubokoj strukturnoj krizi uz dramatičan pad proizvodnje i sve veći uvozni deficit. I meso peradi bilježi negativan saldo.The paper analyzes the foreign trade of key agricultural and food products of plant and animal origin of the Republic of Croatia from 2014 to 2023. The analysis covers both the volume and value balance of foreign trade exchange. Representative examples of selected plant-based agricultural and food products include corn, wheat, barley, soybeans, sunflower, and rapeseed, while the animal-based products include beef and veal, pork, and poultry meat.
In the ten years of EU membership, the foreign trade balance of Croatian agriculture shows pronounced differences between the plant and livestock sectors.
The plant sector is competitive with a significant export surplus, particularly in the trade of cereals and oilseeds. Corn is the most important export product with a continuous surplus in both quantity and value, indicating a stable production base.
In contrast, the livestock sector has a chronically negative trade balance. Despite a slight increase in beef exports, high imports of fattened calves maintain the deficit. The pig farming sector is in a deep structural crisis with a dramatic drop in production and a growing import deficit. Poultry meat also records a negative trade balance
Conservation tillage in organic agriculture _advantages and disadvantages
No full textKonzervacijska obrada tla u ekološkoj poljoprivredi predstavlja pristup koji se fokusira na očuvanje
plodnosti i zdravlja tla, smanjenje erozije i poboljšanje plodnosti. Prednosti konzervacijske obrade tla u ekološkoj
poljoprivredi ogledaju se i u smanjenju gubitaka hranjivih tvari čime se čuva plodnost i struktura tla. Povećanje
biološke aktivnosti konzervacijskom obradom dovodi do poticanja razvoja mikroorganizama i faune tla što
pridonosi zdravlju ekosustava. Važna je uloga konzervacijske obrade u zadržavanju vlage što je od osobitog značaja
u sušnijim područjima. Dugoročno, konzervacijska obrada smanjuje troškove obrade tla i gnojidbe u ekološkoj
poljoprivredi. Nedostatci konzervacijske obrade vezani su za potrebno vrijeme prelaska na ovakve sustave kao i
određenu prilagodbu što može biti dodatan izazov ekološkim poljoprivrednim proizvođačima. U nekim slučajevima
može doći do otežane kontrole zakorovljenosti što može dovesti do smanjenja prinosa. Izbor usjeva ponekad može
biti ograničen, a vrlo je važna dodatna edukacija poljoprivrednih proizvođača kako bi se praksa konzervacijske
obrade uspješno implementirala. Dodatna ulaganja u specifičnu opremu i oruđa također je jedan od zahtjeva koji se
nameće ekološkim poljoprivrednim proizvođačima. Konzervacijska obrada tla nudi brojne prednosti za ekološku
poljoprivredu uz određene izazove koji zahtijevaju pažljivo razmatranje i planiranje.Conservation tillage in organic farming is an approach that focuses on preserving soil fertility and
health, reducing erosion, and improving fertility. The advantages of conservation tillage in organic farming are also
reflected in the reduction of nutrient losses, which preserves soil fertility and structure. Increasing biological activity
through conservation tillage leads to the stimulation of the development of microorganisms and soil fauna, which
contributes to the health of the ecosystem. Conservation tillage plays an important role in moisture retention, which
is of particular importance in drier areas. In the long term, conservation tillage reduces the costs of soil cultivation
and fertilization in organic farming. The disadvantages of conservation tillage are related to the time required to
switch to such systems as well as a certain adaptation, which can be an additional challenge for organic farmers. In
some cases, weed control can be difficult, which can lead to a decrease in yield. Crop selection can sometimes be
limited, and additional education of agricultural producers is very important in order to successfully implement
conservation tillage practices. Additional investment in specific equipment and tools is also one of the requirements
imposed on organic agricultural producers. Conservation tillage offers numerous advantages for organic agriculture,
but it also presents certain challenges that require careful consideration and planning
Protection of grapevines from black spot (Phomopsis viticola Sacc.) in the Kutjevo vineyard
No full textCrna pjegavost vinove loze je bolest koja se udomaćila u gotovo svim vinogradima u Hrvatskoj, čiji je uzročnik gljiva iz roda Diaporthe/Phomopsis. Bolest zahvaća sve nadzemne dijelove vinove loze, osobito koru rozgve, gdje je i najuočivljija. Primjenom redovite kemijske zaštite protiv crne pjegavosti utvrđeno je kontinuirano prisustvo ove bolesti u nasadima vinograda različitog intenziteta ovisno o nizu čimbenika. Ciljevi ovog preglednog istraživačkog rada ogledaju se u pregledu dostupne literature na zadanu temu te provedbu istraživanja intenziteta zaraze crnom pjegavosti vinove loze na različitim lokalitetima uz primjenu različitih mjera zaštite. U oba istraživana vinograda očekivano najznačajnija zaraza je bila na prvim bazalnim internodijima zbog već zaražene stare rozgve iz prethodne vegetacije, a porastom novih mladica širila se sporije prema slijedećim internodijma. Analizom rezultata, razlika u intenzitetu zaraze istraživanih vinograda očita je prvenstveno zbog primjene mjera zaštite, koja se očituje u broju tretmana i izboru pripravaka.Black spot of grapevine is a disease that has become established in almost all vineyards in Croatia, caused by a fungus from the genus Diaporthe/Phomopsis. The disease affects all above-ground parts of the grapevine, especially the bark of the grapevine, where it is most noticeable. The application of regular chemical protection against black spot has established the continuous presence of this disease in vineyard plantations of varying intensity depending on a number of factors. The goals of this research paper are reflected in the review of available literature on the given topic and the implementation of research on the intensity of infection with black spot of grapevine in different locations with the application of different protection measures. In both vineyards studied, as expected, the most significant infection was on the first basal internodes due to the already infected old grapevine from the previous vegetation, and with the growth of new shoots it spread more slowly towards the following internodes. Analyzing the results, the difference in the intensity of infection of the studied vineyards is primarily due to the application of protection measures, which is reflected in the number of treatments and the choice of preparations
Production and utilization of fodder for feeding pigs at family farm Cvetičanin in 2023.
No full textCilja rada bio je prikazati proizvodne resurse, te postupke i rezultate proizvodnje krmiva za hranidbu svinja na istraživanom OPG-u, kao i korištenje istih krmiva u hranidbi svinja i ostvarene proizvodne rezultate svinjogojske proizvodnje. OPG Cvetičanin uzgaja ukupno 100 svinja, od čega je 30% prasadi, a preostalih 70% čine tovljenici i rasplodne svinje. Hranidbena praksa za tovljenike omogućuje dobar prosječni dnevni prirast tjelesne mase od 0,63 kg, a završna tjelesna masa tovljenika je oko 120 kg po grlu. Istraživani OPG koristi 160 ha poljoprivrednog zemljišta, od čega se za proizvodnju krmiva za svinje (kukuruz i soja) koristi 16 ha. Ostvareni prosječni prinosi zrna kukuruza od 8 t/ha i zrna soje od 3,5 t/ha su u skladu s očekivanjima na užem području smještaja farme. Primijenjena agrotehnika kukuruza i soje u skladu je s pravilima struke. Proizvodnja krmiva po količini nadmašuje potrebe svinjogojstva, a višak krmiva se prodaje radi novčanog dohotka.The aim of the work was to show the production resources, as well as the procedures and results of the production of fodder for feeding pigs at the investigated family farm, as well as the use of the same fodder in feeding pigs and the achieved production results of pig production. Family farm Cvetičanin raises a total of 100 pigs, of which 30% are piglets, and the remaining 70% are fattening and breeding pigs. The feeding practice for fattened animals enables a good average daily weight gain of 0.63 kg, and the final body weight of fattened animals is about 120 kg per head. Investigated family farm uses total of 160 ha agricultural land, of which 16 ha are being used for fodder production for feeding pigs. The achieved average yields of corn grain of 8 t/ha and soybean grain of 3.5 t/ha are in line with expectations in the area of the farm's location. Applied agricultural techniques of corn and soybeans are in accordance with agronomic rules. The production of fodder in terms of quantity exceeds the needs of pig farming, and the surplus fodder is sold for monetary income
Role of microorganisms in biogas production
No full textAnaerobna fermentacija je složeni mikrobiološki proces u kojem različite skupine mikroorganizama
sudjeluju u razgradnji organske tvari i proizvodnji bioplina. Ovaj rad, kroz literaturni pregled, analizira ulogu
mikroorganizama u ključnim fazama fermentacije: hidrolizi, acidogenezi, acetogenezi i metanogenezi. Svaka
faza ovisi o specifičnim mikroorganizmima koji međusobno surađuju kako bi osigurali učinkovit tijek procesa.
Rrazmatrani su inhibitori poput teških metala, hlapljivih masnih kiselina,amonijaka i antibiotika, koji mogu
negativno utjecati na aktivnost mikroorganizama i usporiti ili potpuno zaustaviti fermentaciju. Razumijevanje
mikrobioloških procesa ključno je za optimalnu proizvodnje bioplina i prevenciju poremećaja u radu bioplinskih
postrojenja. Pravilno upravljanje uvjetima fermentacije može smanjiti inhibicijske učinke i povećati učinkovitost
mikroorganizama u konverziji organske tvari u metan.Anaerobic fermentation is a complex microbiological process in which different groups of
microorganisms participate in the decomposition of organic matter and the production of biogas. This paper,
through a literature review, analyzes the role of microorganisms in the key stages of fermentation: hydrolysis,
acidogenesis, acetogenesis and methanogenesis. Each stage depends on specific microorganisms that cooperate
with each other to ensure the efficient flow of the process. Inhibitors such as heavy metals, volatile fatty acids,
ammonia and antibiotics were considered, which can negatively affect the activity of microorganisms and slow
down or completely stop fermentation. Understanding microbiological processes is essential for optimal biogas
production and prevention of disturbances in the operation of biogas plants. Proper management of fermentation
conditions can reduce inhibitory effects and increase the efficiency of microorganisms in the conversion of
organic matter into methane