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Italian ryegrass production and use at the farm ARATOR d.o.o.
No full textCilja rada bio je prikazati proizvodnju i korištenje talijanskog ljulja na farmi Arator d.o.o. iz Lovasa (sjeveroistočna Hrvatska). Istraživanje je provedeno izlascima na proizvodne površine i uvidom u poslovnu dokumentaciju. Na istraživanome gospodarstvu talijanski ljulj se uzgaja za proizvodnju sjenaže koja se koristi kao visokokvalitetna komponenta miješanog obroka za muzne krave. Proizvodne površine pod talijanskim ljuljem na gopodarstvu rastu od uvođenja ljulja u obrok muznih krava (30 ha 2022. godine, 50 ha 2023. godine, 75 ha 2024. godine i 100 ha 2025. godine), a sadašnja razina proizvodnje nije dostatna za ostvarenje ciljanoga udjela talijanskog ljulja u obroku. Ostvareni prinosi sjenaže ljulja u 2022. i 2023. godini bili su oko 15,5 t/ha, a preračunate suhe tvari oko 5,5 t/ha. Relativno nizak prinos može se smatrati posljedicom iskorištavanja (košnje) samo prvog porasta ljulja krajem travnja ili početkom svibnja. Nakon košnje ljulja zasijan je kukuruz kao naknadni usjev. U 2024. godini, na parceli od 35 ha ostvaren je prinos sjenaže prvog porasta od 11,5 t/ha (oko 4 t/ha suhe tvari) i 7,2 t/ha sjenaže drugog porasta (oko 2,5 t/ha suhe tvari), što je na boljoj parceli dalo godišnji prinos od oko 6,5 t/ha suhe tvari. Na parceli od 40 ha ostvaren je prinos ljulja od samo 3 t/ha sjenaže prvog porasta (samo oko 1 t/ha suhe tvari) zbog jakog napada poljskih glodavaca. Gdje nema jačih šteta od poljskih glodavaca, prinosi suhe tvari talijanskog ljulja (5,5 do 6,5 t/ha) su na istraživanom gospdarstvu značajno manji od prinosa lucerne (oko 12 t/ha suhe tvari) i silažnog kukuruza (oko 16 t/ha suhe tvari), ali zbog iznimne kvalitete ljulja u hranidbi muznih krava, nastojati će se njegova proizvodnja povećati. Ambicija za povećanjem proizvodnje ljulja stavlja novi izazov pred agronome na istraživanom gospodarstvu: kako se ostvarenim prinosima približiti proizvodnom potencijalu ljulja od oko 10 t/ha suhe tvari? Među prvim opcijama za savladavanje izazova su 1) povećanje kapaciteta tla za upijanje i skladištenje vode, 2) izbor prinosnijih i na sušu otpornijih sorti ljulja testiranjem većeg broja sorti u agroekološkim uvjetima Lovasa i 3) učinkovitija zaštita od poljskih glodavaca.The aim of the work was to show the production and use of Italian ryegrass at the Arator d.o.o. farm in Lovas (northeastern Croatia). The research was carried out by visiting the cropping land and inspecting the business documentation. On the researched farm, Italian ryegrass is grown for the production of haylage, which is used as a high-quality component of mixed rations for dairy cows. Arable area under Italian ryegrass on the farm rises since the introduction of ryegrass in the ration of dairy cows (30 ha in 2022, 50 ha in 2023, 75 ha in 2024 and 100 ha in 2025), and the current level of production is not sufficient to achieve the target share of Italian ryegrass in the ration. The realized yields of ryegrass haylage in 2022 and 2023 were about 15.5 t/ha, and the calculated dry matter was about 5.5 t/ha. The relatively low yield can be considered a consequence of harvesting (mowing) only the first growth of ryegrass at the end of April or the beginning of May. After mowing the ryegrass, corn was sown as a subsequent crop. In 2024, on a parcel of 35 ha, a first-growth haylage yield was 11.5 t/ha (about 4 t/ha of dry matter) which was followed by 7.2 t/ha of second-growth haylage (about 2.5 t/ha of dry matter), which gave a cumulative annual yield of about 6.5 t/ha of dry matter. On a plot of 40 ha, haylage yield was only 3 t/ha of the first-growth (only about 1 t/ha of dry matter) due to a strong attack by field rodents. Where there was no severe damage from field rodents, the dry matter yields of Italian ryegrass (5.5 to 6.5 t/ha) were significantly lower than the yields of alfalfa (about 12 t/ha of dry matter) and silage corn (about 16 t/ha of dry matter). However, due to the exceptional quality of ryegrass in feeding dairy cows, efforts will be made to increase its production despite currently low yields. The ambition to increase the production of ryegrass brings a new challenge to the agronomists on the researched farm: how to realize the production potential of ryegrass of about 10 t/ha of dry matter in the semiarid climate? Among the first options for overcoming the challenge are 1) increasing the capacity of the soil to absorb and store water, 2) the selection of higher-yielding and more drought-resistant ryegrass varieties by testing a larger number of varieties in the agroecological conditions of Lovas, and 3) more effective crop protection against field rodents
The influence of the water extract of Canadian goldenrod (Solidago canadensis L.) on the growth of phytopathogenic fungi
No full textZbog negativnih posljedica primjene kemijskih fungicida na okoliš i zdravlje ljudi, sve veći interes usmjeren je na razvoj bioloških mjera zaštite, među kojima se ističe primjena biljnih ekstrakata. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati antifungalno djelovanje biljnih ekstrakata dobivenih iz lišća i cvjetova kanadske zlatnice (Solidago canadensis L.) na rast fitopatogenih gljiva Sclerotinia sclerotiorum i Botrytis cinerea u in vitro uvjetima. Ekstrakti su primijenjeni u koncentracijama od 75 mg/mL i 150 mg/mL, a njihova učinkovitost uspoređena je s djelovanjem komercijalnih fungicida. Najveći stupanj inhibicije pokazao je ekstrakt cvijeta u višoj koncentraciji (150 mg/mL). Kod S. sclerotiorum zabilježena je statistički značajna inhibicija formiranja sklerocija, osobito tretmanom ekstraktom lista u istoj koncentraciji (91 % inhibicije). Patogen B. cinerea nije formirao sklerocije tijekom pokusa, no najveća učinkovitost također je zabilježena primjenom cvjetnog ekstrakta (150 mg/mL). Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju na antifungalni potencijal ekstrakata S. canadensis, osobito u inhibiciji razvoja micelija i sklerocija kod S. sclerotiorum.Due to the negative consequences of using chemical fungicides on the environment and human health, there is an increasing interest in developing biological protection measures, among which the use of plant extracts is prominent. This study aimed to investigate the antifungal activity of plant extracts extracted from the leaves and flowers of Canadian goldenrod (Solidago canadensis L.) on the growth of the phytopathogenic fungi Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea in vitro. The extracts were applied at concentrations of 75 mg/mL and 150 mg/mL, and their effectiveness was compared with the activity of commercial fungicides. The highest degree of inhibition was shown by the flower extract at a higher concentration (150 mg/mL). In S. sclerotiorum, a statistically significant inhibition of sclerotia formation was recorded, especially by treatment with the leaf extract at the same concentration (91% inhibition). The pathogen B. cinerea did not form sclerotia during the experiment, but the highest efficiency was also recorded with the use of the flower extract (150 mg/mL). The obtained results indicate the antifungal potential of S. canadensis extracts, especially in inhibiting the development of mycelium and sclerotia in S. sclerotiorum
Possibilities of growing peanuts (Arachis hypogeae L.) in eastern Croatia
No full textKikiriki (Arachis hypogaea L.) je biljna vrsta iz porodice mahunarki (Fabaceae), podrijetlom iz Meksika te područja Srednje i Južne Amerike. Danas se ubraja među važne gospodarske kulture na globalnoj razini, zahvaljujući svojoj širokoj primjeni u prehrambenoj i drugim industrijama. Uspješnost uzgoja i produktivnost kikirikija uvelike ovise o klimatskim i agroekološkim uvjetima, kao i o izboru sorti koje su prilagodljive specifičnim lokalnim uvjetima. U kontekstu klimatskih promjena, uzgoj kikirikija u istočnom dijelu Hrvatske, regijama poput Slavonije i Baranje, otvara nove mogućnosti, ali i nameće određene izazove. Predviđa se porast prosječnih godišnjih temperatura te sve učestalija pojava sušnih razdoblja, što predstavlja važne faktore koje je potrebno uzeti u obzir pri planiranju proizvodnje ove kulture. Unatoč dosadašnjim klimatskim ograničenjima koja su sprečavala širu proizvodnju, postoje pozitivna iskustva s uzgojem kikirikija na manjim površinama u ovom području. Očekivani povoljniji klimatski uvjeti u budućnosti mogli bi omogućiti širenje eksperimentalne i komercijalne proizvodnje kikirikija u istočnoj Hrvatskoj. Cilj ovog diplomskog rada je prikazati agronomske značajke, morfološke i botaničke osobine kikirikija te analizirati postojeće i buduće klimatske uvjete koji utječu na njegov uzgojni potencijal u istočnoj Hrvatskoj.Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a plant species from the legume family (Fabaceae), native to Mexico and Central and South America. Today, it is one of the most important economic crops on a global scale, thanks to its wide application in the food and other industries. The success of peanut cultivation and productivity largely depend on climatic and agro-ecological conditions, as well as on the selection of varieties that are adaptable to specific local conditions. In the context of climate change, peanut cultivation in the eastern part of Croatia, regions such as Slavonia and Baranja, opens up new opportunities, but also imposes certain challenges. An increase in average annual temperatures and an increasingly frequent occurrence of dry periods are predicted, which are important factors that need to be taken into account when planning the production of this crop. Despite the previous climatic limitations that prevented wider production, there are positive experiences with peanut cultivation on smaller areas in this area. The expected more favorable climatic conditions in the future could enable the expansion of experimental and commercial peanut production in eastern Croatia. The aim of this thesis is to present the agronomic characteristics, morphological and botanical properties of peanuts and to analyze the current and future climatic conditions that affect its growing potential in eastern Croatia
Influence of conversion soil tillage on maize yield
No full textKonzervacijska obrada tla igra ključnu ulogu u očuvanju i regeneraciji tla, povećavajući njegovu otpornost na negativno djelovanje abiotskih faktora. Stoga je konzervacijska obrada tla prepoznata kao jedna od najučinkovitijih metoda za prilagodbu i ublažavanje utjecaja klimatskih promjena na poljoprivrednu proizvodnju. Cilj ovog rada bio je utvrditi utjecaj konzervacijskih sustava obrade tla na prinos kukuruza. Istraživanje je provedeno na lokacijama Čačinci i Križevci s tri sustava obrade tla: ST - konvencionalna obrada, CTD - duboka konzervacijska obrada s minimalno 30 % prekrivenosti površine i CTS - plitka konzervacijska obrada s minimalno 50 % prekrivenosti površine. Najveći prinosi kukuruza na obje lokacije ostvareni su na CTS tretmanu obrade tla (8,37 t ha-1/Čačinci i 14,63 t ha-1/Križevci). Agroekolološki uvjeti i lokacija istraživanja imali su značajan utjecaj na prosječni prinos kukuruza. Prosječni prinos kukuruza bio je za 40% veći na lokaciji Križevci u odnosu na Čačince s utvrđenim značajnim statističkim razlikama (p<0,01) između istraživanih područja. Najveće vrijednosti žetvenog indeksa (60 %) ostvarene su na CTS tretmanu obrade na obje lokacije. Obrada tla i agroekološki uvjeti imali su značajan utjecaj na prinos kukuruza u ovom istraživanju.Conservation tillage plays a key role in soil conservation and regeneration, increasing its resistance to the negative effects of abiotic factors. Therefore, conservation tillage has been recognized as one of the most effective methods for adapting to and mitigating the impact of climate change on agricultural production. The aim of this work was to determine the impact of conservation tillage systems on maize yield. The research was conducted at the locations Čačinci and Križevci with three tillage systems: ST - conventional tillage, CTD - deep conservation tillage with a minimum of 30% surface coverage and CTS - shallow conservation tillage with a minimum of 50% surface coverage. The highest maize yields at both locations were achieved with the CTS tillage treatment (8.37 t ha-1/Čačinci and 14.63 t ha-1/Križevci). Agroecological conditions and the location of the research had a significant impact on the average maize yield. The average maize yield was 40% higher at Križevci compared to Čačinci, with significant statistical differences (p<0.01) between the studied areas. The highest harvest index values (60%) were achieved at the CTS tillage treatment at both locations. Tillage and agroecological conditions had a significant impact on maizeyield in this study
Technologies of precise dairy cattle breeding to early prediction of some metabolic disorders
No full textOvo istraživanje imalo je za cilj razviti model za ranu detekciju metaboličkih poremećaja (acidoze i ketoze) kod Holstein krava i procijeniti kako on može smanjiti gubitke u proizvodnji mlijeka te poboljšati održivost farmi. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo analizu dnevnih proizvodnih svojstava, biokemijskih pokazatelja i hematoloških parametara za procjenu metaboličkog statusa, kao i određivanje prevalencije metaboličkih poremećaja kod hrvatskih Holstein krava. Podaci iz baze kontrole mliječnosti (3.856.453 zapisa) korišteni su za istraživanje veze između komponenti mlijeka i metaboličkih poremećaja. Rezultati su pokazali da su krave u riziku od acidoze imale povišene razine AST, GGT, PRO, Fe i Ca, dok je ketoza bila povezana s višim razinama GUK, PRO, TGC i Ca. Prevalencija metaboličkih poremećaja bila je 44,56%, pri čemu je 31,15% krava bilo u riziku od acidoze, a 13,42% od ketoze. Sezonski i faktori veličine farmi utjecali su na pojavu ovih poremećaja. Istraživanje je također pokazalo da metabolički poremećaji negativno utječu na proizvodnju mlijeka, osobito kod krava s ketoza, dok su krave s acidozom pokazale smanjenje proizvodnje mlijeka u ranoj laktaciji. Istraživanje je istaknulo da rana detekcija i prevencija mogu značajno smanjiti ekonomske gubitke, poboljšati zdravlje stada i povećati održivost farmi, doprinosući smanjenju negativnih utjecaja na okoliš poput emisije amonijaka.This research aimed to develop a model for the early detection of metabolic disorders (acidosis and ketosis) in Holstein cows and assess how it can reduce milk production losses and improve farm sustainability. The study involved analyzing daily production traits, biochemical indicators, and hematological parameters to assess metabolic status, as well as determining the prevalence of metabolic disorders in Croatian Holstein cows. Milk recording data (3,856,453 records) were used to explore the relationship between milk components and metabolic disorders. Results showed that cows at risk of acidosis had elevated levels of AST, GGT, PRO, Fe, and Ca, while ketosis was linked to higher GUK, PRO, TGC, and Ca levels. The prevalence of metabolic disorders was found to be 44.56%, with 31.15% of cows at risk for acidosis and 13.42% for ketosis. Seasonal and farm size factors influenced the occurrence of these disorders. The study also demonstrated that metabolic disorders negatively impacted milk yield, especially in cows with ketosis, while cows with acidosis showed reduced milk production in early lactation. The research highlighted that early detection and prevention could significantly reduce economic losses, improve herd health, and enhance farm sustainability, contributing to a decrease in environmental impacts such as ammonia emissions
Comparasion of different systems for the application of slurry and digestate
No full textU usporedbi sustava za aplikaciju gnojovke i digestata, crpke, cisterne i cijevi igraju ključnu ulogu. Crpke omogućuju učinkovito premještanje gnojovke, a različite vrste, poput centrifugalnih i dijafragmatskih, nude različite prednosti. Cisterne su važne za skladištenje i transport, a moderni modeli smanjuju isparavanje i miris. Cijevi za aplikaciju omogućuju preciznu distribuciju gnojovke izravno u tlo, čime se povećava učinkovitost i smanjuje utjecaj na okoliš. Odabir opreme ovisi o specifičnim potrebama farme, ekonomskoj isplativosti i ekološkim standardima, što doprinosi održivoj poljoprivredi.In comparing systems for applying slurry and digestate, pumps, tanks, and pipes play a key role. Pumps enable efficient movement of slurry, with different types, such as centrifugal and diaphragm pumps, offering various advantages. Tanks are important for storage and transport, with modern models reducing evaporation and odor. Application pipes allow for precise distribution of slurry directly into the soil, increasing efficiency and minimizing environmental impact. The choice of equipment depends on the specific needs of the farm, economic viability, and ecological standards, contributing to sustainable agriculture
The Effectiveness of Conservation Agriculture in Mitigating Climate Change through Soil Conservation and Carbon Storage
No full textThe data collected by the research as well as the processed data will be divided and classified according to the following data groups:
o Pedophysical and pedomechanical research parameters
o Chemical-biological research parameters
o Plant-breeding research parameters
o Climate projection analyses
o Economic analyses and projections
Some of the most important monitored/researched indicators, which belong to the previously mentioned data groups, are: Soil solid phase density, Soil bulk density, Soil porosity and air capacity, Water retention capacity, Soil water permeability, Soil temperature, Stability of soil structural aggregates, Degree of soil compaction, Soil pH value, Hydrolytic acidity, Soil carbonate content, Soil organic carbon (SOC), Soil organic matter content (SOM), Active organic carbon, Soil electrical conductivity (EC), Humic acid and fulvic acid content, Available phosphorus and potassium content, Micronutrient concentration, Soil cation exchange capacity (CEC), Soil respiration, C/N ratio, Determination of soil microbial biomass, Determination of species of mycotoxicogenic molds to the genus level, determination of occurrence of phenological phases and biometric components of corn, soybeans and winter wheat, analysis of climate projections, economic analyzes and projections
Fruit storage in a cold room with a normal atmosphere at family farm Bioć
No full textOvaj završni rad prikazuje cjelokupan proces čuvanja jabuka u hladnjači s normalnom atmosferom, koja se koristi na obiteljskom poljoprivrednom gospodarstvu OPG Boić. Čuvanja jabuka u hladnjači s normalnom atmosferom je jedan od najčešćih načina konzerviranja voća, a primjenom suvremene tehnologije moguće je osigurati kvalitetan i tržišno konkurentan proizvod. U radu su predstavljene teoretske osnove hlađenja jabuka, tehničke karakteristike hladnjače te konkretan postupak pripreme i čuvanja jabuka. Proces uključuje odabir plodova, njihovu pripremu, određivanje parametara hlađenja i i kontrolu uvjeta rada hladnjače. Hlađenje je provedeno pri temperaturi oko 3 °C, a relativna vlažnost zraka približno 90 %, što sprječava isušivanje i održava sočnost plodova a krajnji proizvod zadržao je poželjne senzorske osobine – boju, okus i teksturu. Čuvanje svježih jabuka na OPG-u Boić tako predstavlja primjer uspješne male prerade koja dodaje vrijednost domaćem voću i otvara mogućnosti za proširenje ponude na tržištu.This final paper shows the entire process of keeping apples in a cold room with a normal atmosphere, which is used on the family farm OPG Boić. Storing apples in a refrigerator with a normal atmosphere is one of the most common ways of preserving fruit, and by applying modern technology it is possible to ensure a high-quality and market-competitive product. The paper presents the theoretical basics of apple cooling, the technical characteristics of the refrigerator, and the concrete procedure for preparing and storing apples. The process includes the selection of fruits, their preparation, determination of cooling parameters and control of the operating conditions of the cold store. Cooling was carried out at a temperature of around 3 °C, and relative humidity of approximately 90%, which prevents drying and maintains the juiciness of the fruits, and the final product retains the desired sensory properties - color, taste and texture. The preservation of fresh apples at OPG Boić thus represents an example of successful small-scale processing that adds value to local fruit and opens up opportunities to expand the offer on the market
Possibilities of improving business by applying contemporary cost management methods
No full textU današnjem poslovnom okruženju, obilježenom stalnim tehnološkim razvojem, rastućom konkurencijom i sve višim očekivanjima tržišta, poduzeća su prisiljena neprestano unaprjeđivati svoje poslovne procese. Poljoprivreda, uključujući i sektor proizvodnje hrane, sve više prihvaća suvremene menadžerske pristupe kako bi poboljšala učinkovitost, smanjila troškove i bolje iskoristila dostupne resurse. Jedan od učinkovitih pristupa je Kaizen metoda, koja potječe iz japanske poslovne prakse i temelji se na filozofiji kontinuiranog poboljšanja. Umjesto velikih, rijetkih promjena, Kaizen promiče svakodnevna mala unaprjeđenja koja uključuju sve zaposlenike u procesu. Time se razvija organizacijska kultura u kojoj se cijene timski rad, učenje i prilagodba promjenama. U kontekstu proizvodnje stočne hrane, primjena Kaizen metode omogućuje bolje planiranje i kontrolu svih faza procesa, od nabave sirovina i miješanja smjesa, preko upravljanja energentima i strojevima, do pakiranja i distribucije gotovog proizvoda. Kroz sustavno smanjivanje otpada, optimizaciju radnih procesa i redovito uključivanje prijedloga zaposlenika, poduzeća mogu postići veće uštede, bolju kvalitetu proizvoda i veću prilagodljivost tržištu. Primjena ove metode u poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji ne donosi koristi samo u financijskom smislu, već i u pogledu održivosti kroz smanjenje potrošnje resursa i smanjenje negativnog utjecaja na okoliš. Uvođenje Kaizen principa u ovaj sektor predstavlja realnu i primjenjivu strategiju za unaprjeđenje ukupne učinkovitosti poslovanja.In today's business environment, characterized by constant technological development, growing competition and ever-higher market expectations, companies are forced to constantly improve their business processes. Agriculture, including the food production sector, is increasingly adopting modern management approaches to improve efficiency, reduce costs and make better use of available resources. One effective approach is the Kaizen method, which originates from Japanese business practices and is based on the philosophy of continuous improvement. Instead of large, infrequent changes, Kaizen promotes small, everyday improvements that involve all employees in the process. This develops an organizational culture that values teamwork, learning, and adapting to change. In the context of animal feed production, the application of the Kaizen method enables better planning and control of all stages of the process, from the procurement of raw materials and mixing of mixtures, through the management of energy and machinery, to the packaging and distribution of the finished product. By systematically reducing waste, optimizing work processes and regularly incorporating employee suggestions, companies can achieve greater savings, better product quality and greater adaptability to the market. Applying this method in agricultural production brings benefits not only in financial terms, but also in terms of sustainability through reduced resource consumption and reduced negative environmental impact. The introduction of the Kaizen principle in this sector represents a realistic and applicable strategy for improving overall business efficiency
Agrotechnical and agroecological analysis of grain production at OPG Ćirić Đorđe from 2021 to 2023
No full textAgroekološki uvijeti i agrotehnički zahvati uz poseban fokus na klimatske čimbenike poput oborina i temperatura su najvažniji u proizvodnji žitairca. Žitarice, kao osnovni dio svjetske poljoprivredne proizvodnje, zahtijevaju povoljne klimatske uvjete, uključujući optimalne količine oborina u ključnim fazama rasta i stabilne temperature tijekom vegetacije. Također, važna je primjena odgovarajućih agrotehničkih mjera poput plodoreda, obrade tla i pravilnog planiranja sjetve, gnojidbe, njege usjeva i žetve koji omogućuju očuvanje plodnosti tla, smanjenje rizika od bolesti i štetnika te povećanje otpornosti usjeva na klimatske promjene.
U radu je analiziran utjecaj vremenskih uvjeta i provedene agrotehnike na proizvodnju pšenice i kukuruza u razdoblju 2021./2022. i 2022./2023. godine na OPG-a Ćirić Đorđe. U 2022./2023. godini povoljniji klimatski uvjeti, s višim količinama oborina u proljeće i stabilnijim temperaturama, omogućili su bolji rast i razvoj žitarica, dok je sezona 2021./2022. bila obilježena nepovoljnim uvjetima, što je utjecalo na smanjenje prinosa. Ovaj rad potvrđuje da uspješna proizvodnja žitarica zahtijeva usklađivanje agroekoloških uvjeta s pravilnim agrotehničkim mjerama, što omogućava održivost proizvodnje i visoke prinose u promjenjivim klimatskim uvjetima.Agroecological Conditions and Agrotechnical Measures with a Special Focus on Climatic Factors such as
Precipitation and Temperature are Crucial in Cereal Production Cereals, as a fundamental part of global agricultural
production, require favorable climatic conditions, including optimal precipitation levels during key growth stages
and stable temperatures throughout the vegetation period. Additionally, the application of appropriate
agrotechnical measures, such as crop rotation, soil tillage, and proper planning of sowing, fertilization, crop care,
and harvesting, is essential. These measures help maintain soil fertility, reduce the risk of diseases and pests, and
enhance crop resilience to climate change.
This study analyzes the impact of weather conditions and applied agrotechnics on wheat and maize production
during the 2021/2022 and 2022/2023 seasons on the family farm OPG Ćirić Đorđe. In the 2022/2023 season, more
favorable climatic conditions, with higher precipitation in spring and more stable temperatures, facilitated better
cereal growth and development. In contrast, the 2021/2022 season was marked by unfavorable conditions, leading
to reduced yields. This research confirms that successful cereal production requires aligning agroecological
conditions with proper agrotechnical measures, ensuring production sustainability and high yields in changing
climatic conditions