20 research outputs found
The astorb database at Lowell Observatory
No full textThe astorb database at Lowell Observatory is an actively curated catalog of all known asteroids in the Solar System. astorb has heritage dating back to the 1970s and has been publicly accessible since the 1990s. Work began in 2015 to modernize the underlying database infrastructure, operational software, and associated web applications. That effort involved the expansion of astorb to incorporate new data such as physical properties (e.g. albedo, colors, spectral types) from a variety of sources. The data in astorb are used to support a number of research tools hosted at https://asteroid.lowell.edu. Here we present a full description of the software tools, computational foundation, and data products upon which the astorb ecosystem has been built. (c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Peer reviewe
Intubation outcomes and practice trends during the initial New York SARS‐COV‐19 surge at an academic, level 1 trauma, urban emergency department
No full textAbstract Objectives The goal of this study was to describe outcomes and associated characteristics of patients who were intubated during the initial (3/2020‐4/2020) New York City surge of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID‐19) pandemic, during which time we were confronted by an unknown and unprecedented respiratory distress syndrome with extremely high degrees of morbidity and mortality. Our secondary aim was to analyze our physician's rapidly evolving approaches to COVID‐19 airway management. Methods A retrospective cohort analysis of all patients intubated at two emergency departments (EDs) for COVID‐19 suspected respiratory failure. In addition, a survey was done to analyze clinician airway management trends and attitudes as they evolved during that period. Results Ninety‐five patients met inclusion criteria for the study. Primary outcomes looked at the spectrum of mortality outcomes ranging from died on arrival (DOA) to the ED, died in the ED (DED), died an inpatient (DIH), and survival to discharge. Overall mortalitywas 71.6% with an average age of 62.7 years. Female sex, as a demographic, was associated with higher rates of survival to discharge at 42.3% when compared to males at 23.2% (P 50% of time) and >80% remained concerned for their safety. There was a dramatic shift from early (73% of time) to late intubation strategies (67% of time) or non‐invasive approaches (28% of time) as the first surge of the pandemic evolved. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that several demographic, clinical and laboratory parameters correlated with mortality in our cohort of patients intubated during the initial phase of the COVID‐19 pandemic. These included male sex, advanced age, high levels of initial lactic acidosis, elevated D‐dimer, and chronic kidney disease/acute kidney injury. In contrast, presenting respiratory characteristics were not correlated with mortality. In addition, our findings demonstrate that physician attitudes and strategies related to COVID‐19 airway management evolved significantly and rapidly over the initial phase of the pandemic
The impact and efficiency of medical screening exams in forward treatment areas at New York City public hospitals during the initial COVID‐19 surge
No full textAbstract Background New York City (NYC) emergency departments (EDs) experienced a surge of patients because of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in March 2020. NYC Health and Hospitals established rapid medical screening exams (MSE) and each hospital designated areas to perform their MSE. Five of the 11 hospitals created a forward treatment area (FTA) external to the ED to disposition patients before entering who presented with COVID‐like symptoms. Three hospitals used paper‐based, and 2 used an electronic medical record (EMR)‐based MSE. This study evaluated the effectiveness of safely discharging patients home from the FTA while also evaluating the efficiency of using paper‐based versus EMR‐based MSEs. Methods Charts were reviewed using standardized data extraction templates. Patients discharged from the FTA were contacted by phone, and a structured interview captured additional data regarding subsequent clinical courses. Chi‐square tests were used to compare proportions of patients hospitalized, as well as proportions of patients with vital signs recorded. Mortality rates were compared with Fisher exact test. A logistic regression model with fixed effects to account for clustering at hospitals was used to compare the odds of being sent to the ED for further evaluation based on vital signs and adjusted for age and sex Results Across 5 EDs, 3335 patients were evaluated in their FTAs from March 17, 2020, to April 27, 2020. A total of 970 (29.1%) patients were referred for further evaluation into the ED, of which 203 (20.9%) were hospitalized and 19 (2.0%) died. Of 2302 patients discharged from the FTA, 182 (7.9%) returned to the ED within 7 days, resulting in 42 (1.8%) hospitalizations and 7 (0.3%) deaths. Facilities using EMR‐MSE discharged more patients from their FTA (81.9% vs 65.3%, P < 0.001) and had similar 7‐day return (9.3% vs 7.1%, P = 0.055) and mortality rates (0.49% vs 0.20%, P = 0.251). Conclusion MSEs in an FTA are an effective process to disposition patients safely in a high‐volume situation. Differences exist in paper‐ versus EMR‐based approaches, suggesting EMR‐MSEs provide better data, efficiency, and effectiveness. This suggests prioritizing an EMR‐based MSE should be considered in future circumstances
Treatment transition estimates.
No full text<p>* Estimates from Kanwal 2005 [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0139876#pone.0139876.ref008" target="_blank">8</a>].</p><p><sup>†</sup> Initial therapy is 12 months (48 weeks) of therapy.</p><p><sup>‡</sup> Estimates calculated by the author, based on the assumption that the natural progression rates of chronic hepatitis B are reduced by antiviral therapy. Estimates derived from natural history estimate similar to Kanwal’s assumption of no progression of disease in HBeAg seroconversion, we assume no progression of disease in case HBV DNA is undetectable by PCR. In the papers from Chang and Lai full suppression of HBV DNA was observed in 80% with a high resistance profile drug, and 90% with a low resistance profile drug. We took these percentages for our calculations [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0139876#pone.0139876.ref018" target="_blank">18</a>,<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0139876#pone.0139876.ref019" target="_blank">19</a>].</p><p><sup>§</sup> Estimates for Lamivudine resistance from Lai et al. And Moskovitz et al. [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0139876#pone.0139876.ref019" target="_blank">19</a>,<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0139876#pone.0139876.ref020" target="_blank">20</a>].</p><p><sup>||</sup> Estimates for Entecavir from Chang et al. 2006, Lai et al. 2006 and Colonno 2007, [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0139876#pone.0139876.ref018" target="_blank">18</a>,<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0139876#pone.0139876.ref019" target="_blank">19</a>,<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0139876#pone.0139876.ref025" target="_blank">25</a>] and resistance from Colonno et al. 2006, Colonno et al. 2007 and Tenny et al. 2009. [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0139876#pone.0139876.ref024" target="_blank">24</a>–<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0139876#pone.0139876.ref026" target="_blank">26</a>].</p><p><sup>¶</sup> Adefovir salvage resistance estimates from Lee et al., Chen et al. And Yeon et al. [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0139876#pone.0139876.ref021" target="_blank">21</a>–<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0139876#pone.0139876.ref023" target="_blank">23</a>].</p><p>** Estimates for tenofovir from Heathcote et al. 2011 [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0139876#pone.0139876.ref031" target="_blank">31</a>].</p><p><sup>††</sup> Tenofovir salvage scenario estimates from van Bommel et al., Reijnders et al., Ke et al., Gordom et al., Patterson et al., Lee et al. [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0139876#pone.0139876.ref032" target="_blank">32</a>–<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0139876#pone.0139876.ref037" target="_blank">37</a>].</p><p><sup>‡‡</sup> Estimates based on reduction of progression rates by nucleoside analogue therapy of 50% [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0139876#pone.0139876.ref016" target="_blank">16</a>].</p><p>Treatment transition estimates.</p
Recommended from our members
Recent formation and likely cometary activity of near-Earth asteroid pair 2019 PR2-2019 QR6
No full textAsteroid pairs are genetically related asteroids that recently separated (<few million years), but still reside on similar heliocentric orbits. A few hundred of these systems have been identified, primarily in the asteroid main belt. Here, we studied a newly discovered pair of near-Earth objects (NEOs): 2019 PR2 and 2019 QR6. Based on broad-band photometry, we found these asteroids to be spectrally similar to D-types, a type rare amongst NEOs. We recovered astrometric observations for both asteroids from the Catalina Sky Survey from 2005, which significantly improved their fitted orbits. With these refinements we ran backwards orbital integrations to study formation and evolutionary history. We found that neither a pure gravitational model nor a model with the Yarkovsky effect could explain their current orbits. We thus implemented two models of comet-like non-gravitational forces based on water or CO sublimation. The first model assumed quasi-continuous, comet-like activity after separation, which suggested a formation time of the asteroid pair yr ago. The second model assumed short-term activity for up to one heliocentric orbit (∼13.9 yr) after separation, which suggested that the pair formed 272 ± 7 yr ago. Image stacks showed no activity for 2019 PR2 during its last perihelion passage. These results strongly argue for a common origin that makes these objects the youngest asteroid pair known to date. Questions remain regarding whether these objects derived from a parent comet or asteroid, and how activity may have evolved since their separation. © 2021 The Author(s).Immediate accessThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]
The question of genre in the novels and novellas (1961 - 1970) Of the Strugatsky Brothers with special reference to CTaжepbI and OTeЛb "Y norn6wero aЛbΠNΠCTa"
No full textNot availabl
Successful Kinetic Impact into an Asteroid for Planetary Defense.
No full textWhile no known asteroid poses a threat to Earth for at least the next century, the catalog of near-Earth asteroids is incomplete for objects whose impacts would produce regional devastation1,2. Several approaches have been proposed to potentially prevent an asteroid impact with Earth by deflecting or disrupting an asteroid1-3. A test of kinetic impact technology was identified as the highest priority space mission related to asteroid mitigation1. NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission is the first full-scale test of kinetic impact technology. The mission's target asteroid was Dimorphos, the secondary member of the S-type binary near-Earth asteroid (65803) Didymos. This binary asteroid system was chosen to enable ground-based telescopes to quantify the asteroid deflection caused by DART's impact4. While past missions have utilized impactors to investigate the properties of small bodies5,6, those earlier missions were not intended to deflect their targets and did not achieve measurable deflections. Here we report the DART spacecraft's autonomous kinetic impact into Dimorphos and reconstruct the impact event, including the timeline leading to impact, the location and nature of the DART impact site, and the size and shape of Dimorphos. The successful impact of the DART spacecraft with Dimorphos and the resulting change in Dimorphos's orbit7 demonstrates that kinetic impactor technology is a viable technique to potentially defend Earth if necessary
