9 research outputs found
Testing reliability of a potential island mating apiary using DNA microsatellites
No full textInternational audienc
Testing reliability of a potential island mating apiary using DNA microsatellites
No full textTwenty-four virgin sister queens were kept for 21 days in mating nuclei on the drone-free island Baltrum to test the reliability of a potential mating area. On each of the neighbouring islands Nordemey and Langeoog (750 m and 2 km away) 12 sister queens were kept with drones. Workers from colonies with island-mated queens (Baltrum n = 11, Langeoog n = 7 and Nordemey n = 6) were genotyped with four DNA microsatellite loci (n = 996) to estimate queen mating frequency. No differences in queen mating frequency were observed between Langeoog and Nordemey. However, the level of polyandry on Baltrum was significantly lower than on the neighbouring islands, indicating that mating conditions were much more difficult. The standard genetic distance and differences in allele frequencies between the populations were determined to estimate putative origins of the drones. In this study, 43.7 % of the identified drone fathers did not descend from any of the queens on the adjacent islands. They were most likely from mainland colonies at least 5.4 km (3 km across open water) away, showing that the combination of distances over open water and over dry land is important in explaining the mating behaviour of honeybee queens. © Inra/DIB/AGIB/Elsevier, Pari
Empiric Antimicrobial Treatment of Anastomotic Leakage after Esophageal Resection:The Most Commonly Used Antimicrobial Regimens in the Netherlands and an Antimicrobial Treatment Recommendation Based on a Single-Center Population
No full textIntroduction: The development of anastomotic leakage (AL) after esophagectomy is a severe complication, often leading to mediastinitis and systemic infections. Effective empiric antimicrobial therapy is crucial, but there is no consensus on the optimal regimen. This study aimed to document antimicrobial regimens used in the Netherlands and to evaluate culture results from AL after esophagectomy at our center. Methods: An online questionnaire about the preferred antimicrobial treatment of AL after esophagectomy was sent to all upper gastrointestinal surgeons in the Netherlands. In addition, drain culture results from patients with AL after esophagectomy in our center were retrospectively analyzed. Results: From 76 responses, 28 were included, representing 13 of the 15 esophagectomy-performing centers in the Netherlands. For treating AL after esophagectomy, respondents typically choose broad-spectrum regimens covering Gram-negative, Gram-positive, and anaerobic bacteria. The cultures of 57 patients were analyzed. Overall, 61% had positive cultures for yeast, 61% of patients for Enterobacterales, and 16% for Pseudomonas and other non-fermenters. Conclusion: Based on the studied cultures, empiric antibiotics should cover Gram-positive, Gram-negative, anaerobe bacteria and Pseudomonas. We recommend the use of empiric amoxicillin/clavulanic acid with tobramycin for patients with AL after esophagectomy, which is now protocol in our center. The addition of antifungals remains debatable. Given the high incidence of yeast-positive cultures in the studied cohort, we recommend the addition of an echinocandin in clinically unstable patients. 2025 The Author(s).</p
Validity of the new lifestyles NL-1000 accelerometer for measuring time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in school settings
No full textCurrent interest in promoting physical activity in the school environment necessitates an inexpensive, accurate method of measuring physical activity in such settings. Additionally, it is recognized that physical activity must be of at least moderate intensity in order to yield substantial health benefits. The purpose of the study, therefore, was to determine the validity of the New Lifestyles NL-1000 (New Lifestyles, Inc., Lee's Summit, Missouri, USA) accelerometer for measuring moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in school settings, using the Actigraph GT1M (ActiGraph, Pensacola, Florida, USA) as the criterion. Data were collected during a cross-country run (n = 12), physical education (n = 18), and classroom-based physical activities (n = 42). Significant and meaningful intraclass correlations between methods were found, and NL-1000 estimates of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity were not meaningfully different from GT1M-estimated moderate- to-vigorous physical activity. The NL-1000 therefore shows promising validity evidence as an inexpensive, convenient method of measuring moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in school settings
Conclusions of the Worldwide Integrated Assessment on the risks of neonicotinoids and fipronil to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning
No full textThe side effects of the current global use of pesticides on wildlife, particularly at higher levels of biological organization: populations, communities and ecosystems, are poorly understood (Köhler and Triebskorn 2013). Here, we focus on one of the problematic groups of agrochemicals, the systemic insecticides fipronil and those of the neonicotinoid family. The increasing global reliance on the partly prophylactic use of these persistent and potent neurotoxic systemic insecticides has raised concerns about their impacts on biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and ecosystem services provided by a wide range of affected species and environments. The present scale of use, combined with the properties of these compounds, has resulted in widespread contamination of agricultural soils, freshwater resources, wetlands, non-target vegetation and estuarine and coastal marine systems, which means that many organisms inhabiting these habitats are being repeatedly and chronically expose ..
Infestation levels of Apis mellifera scutellata swarms by socially parasitic Cape honeybee workers (Apis mellifera capensis)
No full textInternational audienc
Infestation levels of Apis mellifera scutellata swarms by socially parasitic Cape honeybee workers (Apis mellifera capensis)
No full textA single clonal lineage of socially parasitic Cape honeybee workers, Apis mellifera capensis, has caused dramatic losses in managed populations of A. m. scutellata, raising concerns that wild populations might also be affected. We surveyed A. m. scutellata swarms at 27 localities in beekeeping areas (N = 87) and in nature reserves (N = 79). While eleven swarms were infested in beekeeping areas, we found no infestations in nature reserves. Eight swarms had no symptoms except workers with black tergites. However, DNA data revealed that these workers are not parasitic, showing that diagnoses based on tergite colour alone yield false positive results. Nevertheless, it is practical because we had no false negative diagnoses either. Nature reserves may be important refuges to protect wild A. m. scutellata populations against imported honeybees
Systemic insecticides (neonicotinoids and fipronil): trends, uses, mode of action and metabolites
No full textSince their discovery in the late 1980s, neonicotinoid pesticides have become the most widely used class of insecticides worldwide, with large-scale applications ranging from plant protection (crops, vegetables, fruits), veterinary products, and biocides to invertebrate pest control in fish farming. In this review, we address the phenyl-pyrazole fipronil together with neonicotinoids because of similarities in their toxicity, physicochemical profiles, and presence in the environment. Neonicotinoids and fipronil currently account for approximately one third of the world insecticide market; the annual world production of the archetype neonicotinoid, imidacloprid, was estimated to be ca. 20,000 tonnes active substance in 2010. There were several reasons for the initial success of neonicotinoids and fipronil: (1) there was no known pesticide resistance in target pests, mainly because of their recent development, (2) their physicochemical properties included many advantages over previous generations of insecticides (i.e., organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, etc.), and (3) they shared an assumed reduced operator and consumer risk. Due to their systemic nature, they are taken up by the roots or leaves and translocated to all parts of the plant, which, in turn, makes them effectively toxic to herbivorous insects. The toxicity persists for a variable period of time—depending on the plant, its growth stage, and the amount of pesticide applied. A wide variety of applications are available, including the most common prophylactic non-Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) application by seed coating. As a result of their extensive use and physicochemical properties, these substances can be found in all environmental compartments including soil, water, and air. Neonicotinoids and fipronil operate by disrupting neural transmission in the central nervous system of invertebrates. Neonicotinoids mimic the action of neurotransmitters, while fipronil inhibits neuronal receptors. In doing so, they continuously stimulate neurons leading ultimately to death of target invertebrates. Like virtually all insecticides, they can also have lethal and sublethal impacts on non-target organisms, including insect predators and vertebrates. Furthermore, a range of synergistic effects with other stressors have been documented. Here, we review extensively their metabolic pathways, showing how they form both compound-specific and common metabolites which can themselves be toxic. These may result in prolonged toxicity. Considering their wide commercial expansion, mode of action, the systemic properties in plants, persistence and environmental fate, coupled with limited information about the toxicity profiles of these compounds and their metabolites, neonicotinoids and fipronil may entail significant risks to the environment. A global evaluation of the potential collateral effects of their use is therefore timely. The present paper and subsequent chapters in this review of the global literature explore these risks and show a growing body of evidence that persistent, low concentrations of these insecticides pose serious risks of undesirable environmental impacts
Efecto de un programa de entrenamiento de estabilidad y fuerza en el core sobre la potencia de remate en futbolistas de categorías sub 15 y sub 17
No full textEl core es un componente anatómico que contribuye en diferentes aspectos físicos y técnicos del deporte, específicamente, el remate en el futbol es un gesto técnico que involucra diferentes elementos corporales, por ende, el Objetivo de este estudio es identificar el efecto de un programa de entrenamiento, estabilidad y fuerza del core sobre la potencia de remate del fútbol. Materiales y Métodos: Dos grupos de veintiocho deportistas (n=28); Pumas Pachuca (n=14), edad (17.5±0.65); Capparis FC (n=14), edad (15±0.5), cada grupo se dividió en dos subgrupos: control y experimental. Realizaron un programa de entrenamiento de estabilidad y fuerza de core, durante ocho semanas (tres veces/semana). Se evaluó la estabilidad con las pruebas: plancha en pronación, pancha lateral y resistencia 60°. La fuerza de core: abdominales en 30s y potencia en miembros inferiores: salto de longitud y potencia de remate. Resultados: las diferencias entre los datos pre-post estadísticamente significativas fueron: prueba de potencia de remate con pierna no dominante (grupo 1, P-valor=.001 y grupo 2, P-valor=.001), la prueba de remate con pierna hábil solo mostró resultados significativos en el grupo dos (P-valor=.001), para el resto de las pruebas el programa de entrenamiento fue efectivo (P-valor<0.05) Conclusión: el programa de entrenamiento tuvo mayor efecto en la variable de remate con pierna no dominante y en el grupo con menor experiencia deportiva, se puede decir que el entrenamiento de estabilidad y fuerza de core mejora la potencia de remate en futbolistas que no tengan completo dominio o desarrollo del gesto técnico.The core is an anatomical component that contributes to different physical and technical aspects of the sport, specifically, the soccer slam dunk is a technical gesture that involves different body elements; therefore, the objective of this study is: To identify the effect of a core stability and strength training program on soccer slam dunk power. Materials and Methods: Two groups of twenty-eight athletes (n=28); Pumas Pachuca (n=14), age (17.5±0.65); Capparis FC (n=14), age (15± 0.5), each group was divided into control and experimental group, performed a stability and core strength training program, for eight weeks (three times/week). Stability was evaluated with the following tests: pronated plank, lateral plank and 60° resistance, core strength: abdominal crunches in 30s and lower limb power: long jump and finishing power. Results: the statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-data were power test of backstroke with non-dominant leg (group 1, P-value=.001 and group 2, P-value=.001), the backstroke test with skilled leg only showed significant results in group two (P-value=.001), the rest of the tests the training program was effective (P-value<0.05). 05). Conclusion: the training program had the greatest effect on the variable of finishing with non-dominant leg and in the group with less sporting experience, it can be said that the training of stability and core strength will improve the power of finishing in soccer players who do not have complete mastery or development of the technical gestureIncluye bibliografíaPregradoProfesional en Ciencias del DeporteCiencias del Deport
