4,933 research outputs found
Childhood Immune Maturation and Allergy Development: Regulation by Maternal Immunity and Microbial Exposure
No full textProblem The increasing allergy prevalence in affluent countries may be caused by reduced microbial stimulation, resulting in an abnormal post-natal immune maturation. Most studies investigating the underlying mechanisms have focused on post-natal microbial exposure. Also, the maternal microbial environment during pregnancy may program the immune development of the child, however. Method of study This review focuses on how maternal immunity and microbial exposures regulate childhood immune and allergy development. Results Prenatal environmental exposures may alter gene expression via epigenetic mechanisms, aiming to induce physiological adaptations to the anticipated post-natal environment, but potentially also increasing disease susceptibility in the offspring. Although the importance of fetal programming mostly has been studied in cardiovascular and metabolic disease, this hypothesis is also very attractive in the context of environmentally influenced immune-mediated diseases. Conclusion Efficacious preventive measures, required to combat the allergy epidemic, may be identified by determining how the immune interaction between mother and child is influenced by microbial factors.This is the pre-reviewed version of the following article:Maria Jenmalm, Childhood Immune Maturation and Allergy Development: Regulation by Maternal Immunity and Microbial Exposure, 2011, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE IMMUNOLOGY, (66), 75-80.which has been published in final form at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0897.2011.01036.xCopyright: Blackwell Publishing Ltdhttp://eu.wiley.com/WileyCDA/Brand/id-35.htm
O curso de licenciatura em educação física da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina: suas concepções de ensino e de educação física
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Centro de Educação Fisica e Desporto
First‐trimester trophoblasts obtained by chorionic villus sampling maintain tolerogenic and proteomic features in successful pregnancies despite a history of unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss
No full textProblem While there are several known causes for recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), about 50% are unexplained (uRPL), and in these cases, an aberrant immune regulation seems to be involved. Although fetally derived trophoblast cells have a key role in immune regulation, it is difficult to study their immune function during pregnancy, and it is not known whether trophoblast function may be an inherent aberration in uRPL or whether it is associated with the outcome of the current pregnancy. Method of study Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) was performed for clinical indications at 12 weeks of gestation. Superfluous materials, divided in small explants, were cultured for 20-24 hours, and supernatants (conditioned medium) were collected from 36 women with singleton normal pregnancies, of whom 9 women had a history of RPL. The secreted immune protein profile was measured by proximity extension assay, and the conditioned medium was further used in functional ex vivo models to assess ability to polarize blood monocytes and CD4(+)T cells into immune regulatory phenotypes, as detected by flow cytometry. Results Conditioned medium from chorionic villi, human fetally derived placental tissue, was able to induce a decidual-type of M2-like macrophages, as well as an expansion of Treg cells ex vivo, both in women with uRPL and in control women. The preserved immunological properties were confirmed by a maintained immune protein profile in RPL compared with controls. Conclusion Trophoblasts in an ex vivo model maintain tolerogenic and proteomic profile features in successful pregnancies, despite a previous history of RPL.Funding Agencies|Swedish Research CouncilSwedish Research Council [2018-02776]; Linkoping University; Tor Vergata University; ALF Grants</p
Altered early infant gut microbiota in children developing allergy up to 5 years of age
No full textEarly colonization with bifidobacteria and lactobacilli is postulated to protect children from allergy, while Clostridium (C.) difficile colonization might be associated with allergic disease. Previous studies of infant gut microbiota in relation to subsequent allergy development have mostly employed culture-dependent techniques, studied genera of bacteria and the follow-up period was limited to 2 years. To relate gut microbiota in early infancy, notably bifidobacteria and lactobacilli at species level, to allergy development during the first 5 years of life and study if environmental factors influence the early infant gut microbiota. Fecal samples were collected at 1 week, 1 month and 2 months after birth from 47 Swedish infants, followed prospectively to 5 years of age. Bacterial DNA was analysed with real-time PCR and related to allergy development, family size as well as endotoxin and Fel d 1 levels in house dust samples. Primers binding to C. difficile, four species of bifidobacteria, two lactobacilli groups and Bacteroides fragilis were used. Children regarded as allergic manifested allergic symptoms and were skin prick test positive during their first 5 years while non-allergic children were neither. Children who developed allergy were significantly less often colonized with lactobacilli group I (Lactobacillus (L.) rhamnosus, L. casei, L. paracasei), Bifidobacterium adolescentis and C. difficile during their first 2 months. Infants colonized with several Bifidobacterium species had been exposed to higher amounts of endotoxin and grew up in larger families than infants harbouring few species. A more diverse gut microbiota early in life might prevent allergy development and may be related to the previously suggested inverse relationship between allergy, family size and endotoxin exposure.The definitive version is available at www.blackwell-synergy.com:Ylva Sjögren, Maria Jenmalm, Malin Böttcher, Bengt Björkstén and E Sverremar-Ekström, Altered early infant gut microbiota in children developing allergy up to 5 years of age, 2009, CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY, (39), 4, 518-526.http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2008.03156.xCopyright: Blackwell Publishing Ltdhttp://www.blackwellpublishing.com
Facial Uplift: Plastic Surgery, Cosmetics, and the Retailing of Whiteness in the Work of Maria Cristina Mena
No full textThis article analyzes how Mexican American author María Cristina Mena’s short magazine fiction boldly illustrates the emerging U.S. beauty industry as effectively producing whiteness for sale in the neocolonial marketplace. Her representations of Mexican women’s use of cosmetics articulate how the beauty industry both lends structure to and is structured by the idea of race; at the same time, she reminds her audience that the impact of beauty products and services is in large part determined by the political and economic context of the goods themselves. Through the techniques of role reversals, character development and dramatic irony, Mena’s stories portray the U.S. beauty industry as a dynamic trade that exports new forms of whiteness across its southern border. Far from depicting Mexican women as passive consumers in the neocolonial marketplace, however, Mena shows how beauty products and services can be appropriated as limited yet potent acts of resistance.This article was published as Schuller, Kyla. "Facial Uplift: Plastic Surgery, Cosmetics, and the Retailing of Whiteness in the Work of Maria Cristina Mena," Journal of Modern Literature, Vol. 32, No. 4 (Summer 2009), pp. 82-104. No part of this article may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted, or distributed, in any form, by any means, electronic, mechanical, photographic, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Indiana University Press. For educational re-use, please contact the Copyright Clearance Center (508-744-3350). For all other permissions, please visit Indiana University Press' permissions page.Peer reviewe
Allergy development is associated with consumption of breastmilk with a reduced microbial richness in the first month of life
No full textBackground: Early colonization with a diverse microbiota seems to play a crucial role for appropriate immune maturation during childhood. Breastmilk microbiota is one important source of microbes for the infant, transferred together with maternal IgA antibodies. We previously observed that allergy development during childhood was associated with aberrant IgA responses to the gut microbiota already at 1 month of age, when the IgA antibodies are predominantly maternally derived in breastfed infants.Objective: To determine the microbial composition and IgA‐coated bacteria in breastmilk in relation to allergy development in children participating in an intervention trial with pre‐ and post‐natal Lactobacillus reuteri supplementation. Methods: A combination of flow cytometric cell sorting and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to characterize the bacterial recognition patterns by IgA in breastmilk samples collected one month post‐partum from 40 mothers whose children did or did not develop allergic and asthmatic symptoms during the first 7 years of age. Results: The milk fed to children developing allergic manifestations had significantly lower bacterial richness, when compared to the milk given to children that remained healthy. Probiotic treatment influenced the breastmilk microbiota composition. However, the proportions of IgA‐coated bacteria, the total bacterial load and the patterns of IgA‐coating were similar in breastmilk between mothers of healthy children and those developing allergies. Conclusion: Consumption of breastmilk with a reduced microbial richness in the first month of life may play an important role in allergy development during childhood.This study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Grant No. BIO2015‐68711‐R) to Alex Mira. This study was supported by the Swedish Research Council (2016‐01698), the Swedish Heart and Lung Foundation (20140321 and 20170365) and the Cancer and Allergy Foundation to Maria C. Jenmalm. This study was supported by European Research Council (ERC‐starting grant 639226) to M. Carmen Collado.Peer reviewe
Imagens de Otto Maria Carpeaux: esboço de biografia
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em História, Florianópolis, 2015.Este esboço de biografia procura citar algumas imagens de Otto Maria Carpeaux: construções biográficas de naturezas múltiplas, elaboradas em contextos, por atores e sob condições igualmente díspares. Está constituído a partir de uma visão crítica da História, o que permite que ?outras imagens?, fragmentárias e não monumentais, também tenham espaço. Em diálogo com o princípio da montagem, este esboço apresenta-se em duas partes. Na primeira, Imagens possíveis, estão citadas as imagens elaboradas em vida e post mortem acerca do austríaco-brasileiro que nasceu em Viena em 1900, se exilou no Brasil em 1939 e morreu no Rio de Janeiro, em 1978. Na segunda, Montagens possíveis, apresentam-se duas possibilidades de exercício biográfico: pela leitura alegórica do documentário O velho e o Novo (Otto Maria Carpeaux), entendido como instrumento de intervenção no contexto ditatorial brasileiro e de uma reelaboração biográfica concernentes às suas experiências europeias; e pelo Caderno de imagens críticas, registro dos encontros em Carpeaux pelo meio de imagens críticas produzidas a partir da cesura do presente.Abstract : This biographical sketch attempts to quote some images of Otto Maria Carpeaux: various types of biographical constructions, carried out in different contexts by disparate authors under conditions just as distinct. It stems from a critical view of history, allowing for ?other images? fragmented and non-monumental ? to share the space.In dialogue with the montage principle, this sketch has two parts. The first, Possible Images, quotes the images produced during and after the life of the Austrian-Brazilian, who was born in Vienna in 1900, went to Brazil in exile in 1939 and died in Rio de Janeiro in 1978. The second part, Possible Montages, presents two possibilities of a biographical exercise: through the allegorical reading of documentary O Velho e o Novo (Otto Maria Carpeaux), understood as an instrument of intervention in the Brazilian dictatorship context and as a biographical retelling of the author?s European experiences; and through my Scrapbook of Critical Images, a record of the encounters in Carpeaux through critical images produced from the caesura of the present
Vaginal seeding after a caesarean section provides benefits to newborn children AGAINST: Vaginal microbiome transfer - a medical procedure with clear risks and uncertain benefits
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The mother-offspring dyad: microbial transmission, immune interactions and allergy development
No full textThe increasing prevalence of allergy in affluent countries may be caused by reduced intensity and diversity of microbial stimulation, resulting in abnormal postnatal immune maturation. Most studies investigating the underlying immunomodulatory mechanisms have focused on postnatal microbial exposure, for example demonstrating that the gut microbiota differs in composition and diversity during the first months of life in children who later do or do not develop allergic disease. However, it is also becoming increasingly evident that the maternal microbial environment during pregnancy is important in childhood immune programming, and the first microbial encounters may occur already in utero. During pregnancy, there is a close immunological interaction between the mother and her offspring, which provides important opportunities for the maternal microbial environment to influence the immune development of the child. In support of this theory, combined pre- and postnatal supplementations seem to be crucial for the preventive effect of probiotics on infant eczema. Here, the influence of microbial and immune interactions within the mother-offspring dyad on childhood allergy development will be discussed. In addition, how perinatal transmission of microbes and immunomodulatory factors from mother to offspring may shape appropriate immune maturation during infancy and beyond, potentially via epigenetic mechanisms, will be examined. Deeper understanding of these interactions between the maternal and offspring microbiome and immunity is needed to identify efficacious preventive measures to combat the allergy epidemic.Funding Agencies|Nutricia/Danone</p
Appunti per una rilettura del Carteggio fra Maria Savorgnan e Pietro Bembo
No full textNotes for a Rereading of the Carteggio between Maria Savorgnan and Pietro Bembo · This article examines the love correspondence between Maria Savorgnan and Pietro Bembo in the
early years of sixteenth-century Italy by focusing on a philological and epistolographic perspec tive and taking into consideration the recent literature. While the letters written by Savorgnan
to Bembo, which are included in Carlo Dionisotti’s seminal edition of 1950, are original and autographed, Bembo’s letters to her were instead revised and rewritten by the author with the printing press in mind and published posthumously only in 1552. This revision and rewriting resulted in an epistolary romance with partially altered chronology, events and style. Moving from the analysis of Dionisotti’s edition, the article discusses a range of issues connected to this peculiar textual situation while aiming to offer suggestions for a new annotated edition of the Savorgnan–Bembo correspondence
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