324,346 research outputs found
The role of educative thought in the life and work of Antonio Gramsci
No full textMany philosophers have propounded a vision of an improved society, what distinguishes Antonio Gramsci is his continuous effort to make it happen by understanding the process in order to put into practice. Gramsci's conviction about the importance of educative development came from both theory and experience. While there has been considerable examination of Gramsci's work in relation to the Prison Notebooks, this study will seek to address a lacuna in Gramsci scholarship. Using Gramsci's philological method, I analyse Gramsci's pre-prison activity; his pre-prison articles and letters, which, together with his letters from prison, formed part of his educative mission. This educative process was necessary, in order to construct a new party which would develop a collective will, collaboratively, with the masses.In this study therefore, I explore the contexts and formative experiences of the first part of his life together with the intellectual sources from which Gramsci developed his later theories, making central hitherto underemphasised connections between them which informed his writing and ideas. I intend to illustrate that Gramsci's underlying purpose in his writing, and political activity, was not only practical, on how to create a new socialist ruling class, but also educative in forming the mindset and values of his comrades. So that in addition to outlining his vision of a new order, he implicitly guided or explicitly explained the processes by which the necessary changes in social relations and moral climate could be made in order to achieve it. Each person had to engage with the values of the new order so that each could contribute to the construction of a new robust state. It was essential to build a hegemony at the most profound level, one which was dependent on collective understandings and a collective will
Memórias dos profissionais de enfermagem do Hospital Nereu Ramos em época de aids (1986 - 1996)
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem.Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa com abordagem histórica, cujo objetivo foi historicizar as memórias dos profissionais de enfermagem acerca do surgimento da aids e sua evolução no Hospital Nereu Ramos (HNR) de Florianópolis/Santa Catarina (SC), no período compreendido entre 1986 e 1996. A escolha do período de tempo deve-se ao fato de, em 1986, terem sido notificados os três primeiros casos de aids em Florianópolis e, em 1996, o Ministério da Saúde ter instituído a política de acesso universal à terapia anti-retroviral no Brasil. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com três enfermeiros, dois técnicos de enfermagem e dois auxiliares de enfermagem, recorrendo à história oral como método-fonte-técnica e à memória como referencial. A pesquisa respeitou as Diretrizes e Normas Regulamentadoras da Pesquisa envolvendo Seres Humanos recomendadas pela Resolução nº 196/96 e foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da UFSC, com o parecer nº 0336/06. Para a análise e interpretação dos dados utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo temática, do qual surgiram as seguintes categorias e subcategorias: a memória sobre os enfrentamentos dos profissionais de enfermagem em época de aids # os enfrentamentos face à aids, às pessoas que viviam com HIV no HNR, ao risco de infecção pelo HIV, frente à família, amigos, sociedade, profissionais e instituições de saúde; do estigma ao reconhecimento do HNR como modelo de referência no tratamento da aids em SC; recordar o passado como espaço fortalecedor/vivificador do conceito de identidade e satisfação profissional na enfermagem. A discussão dos resultados permitiu constatar que a aids provocou mudanças expressivas no HNR como um todo e no comportamento dos profissionais de enfermagem que lá atuaram. O advento da aids e suas repercussões levaram a que os profissionais se mobilizassem no sentido de enfrentarem a doença, de se capacitarem para o cuidado de pessoas que vivem com HIV e para a melhoria dos cuidados e das condições de trabalho dentro da instituição. Isto tudo fez com que o HNR passasse de um hospital esquecido pela sociedade, para um hospital respeitado e reconhecido no tratamento da aids em SC. É possível concluir também, que passados mais de vinte anos do seu surgimento, a aids continua a representar um grande desafio para quem trabalha nessa área, e também para a sociedade, devido ao seu caráter estigmatizante e discriminatório. This is a qualitative research with a historical approach, that aimed to historicize the memories of the nursing professionals about the appearance and development of AIDS at the Nereu Ramos Hospital (HNR) of Florianópolis/Santa Catarina (SC), between 1986 and 1996. The selection of this period of time is due to the fact that, in 1986, were declared the 3 first cases of AIDS in Florianópolis, and in 1996, the Ministry of Health established the policy of universal access to antiretroviral therapy in Brazil. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with three nurses, two nursing technicians and two nursing assistants, using verbal history as a method-source-technique and memory as referential. The research followed the ethical principles recommended by Resolution 196/96 and it was approved by the Research Ethics Board of the UFSC, under the protocol nº 0336/06. Thematic content analysis was used for the study and interpretation of data, from which the following categories and sub-categories emerged: the memory of the nursing professionals coping with AIDS # coping with AIDS, with people who lived with HIV at the HNR, with the risk of HIV infection, with family, friends, society, professionals and institutions; from stigma to the recognition of the HNR as a model of reference in the treatment of AIDS in SC; recalling the past as a strengthening space of the identity concept and professional satisfaction in nursing. The analysis of the results allows us to conclude that AIDS caused significant changes in HNR and in the behavior of the nursing professionals who worked there. The advent of AIDS and its consequences led professionals to develop efforts against the disease, conceive training programmes to take care of people living with HIV, and to improve care and working conditions within the institution. All this changed the HNR from a forgotten hospital by society into a respected and recognized hospital in the treatment of AIDS in SC. It is also possible to conclude that, more than twenty years after its appearance, AIDS still represents a major challenge for those who work in this area, and also for society, because of its stigmatizing and discriminating characte
Diffusive author(s), cohesive author: Analysis of S/N (1994)
No full textThis study indicates the ways in which various aspects of the author(s) are brought forth in Dumb type’s performance art, the S/N production. Previous research has suggested a non-hierarchical organization of Dumb type and the absence of a “privileged author” in Dumb type’s collaborative work, S/N. However, the results that I have investigated from member’s interviews on the creative process of S/N along with my analysis of the recorded images of S/N, indicate a different aspect of the author(s). First, S/N was created through, so to speak, the collective ideas of the members of Dumb type. Further, S/N has at least nine quotations from previous performances, installations, and printed writings, besides the work-in-progress technique. Explicating one of the “author functions” as given by Michel Foucault, each text has plural subjects of the author. However, it has been revealed from members’ interviews that Teiji Furuhashi had a decision-making role in selecting the members’ ideas within the performance. Since then, S/N has had plural subjects of creation; however, Furuhashi is one of the subjects of creation along with the “privileged author.” S/N has plural authors (diffusive authors) yet at the same time, it has a “privileged author,” Teiji Furuhashi (cohesive author)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Book reviews : Source material on the South African economy by D. Hobart Houghton and Jenifer Dagut, and South Africa by Freda Troup
No full textReview of: D. Hobart Houghton and Jenifer Dagut. Source material on the South African economy. Cape Town: Oxford University Press, 1972-1973; Freda Troup. South Africa. London: Eyre Methuen, 197
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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No full textCan archives of audiovisual TV interviews be used to make authors more visible to students, and thereby reduce the learning gap between native and non-native language speakers in college classes? We examined students in a college course who learned about one scholar's ideas through watching an audiovisual TV interview (i.e., visible author format) and about another scholar's ideas through reading a formal text description (i.e., invisible author format). For the invisible author, native language speakers scored significantly higher than the non-native language speakers on a corresponding exam question (i.e., a cognitive measure), generated more words on the exam question (i.e., a motivational measure), and mentioned the author's name more often in answering the exam question (i.e., an affective measure). For the visible author, the groups did not differ on any of these measures. These findings provide evidence for the idea that making the author visible through audiovisual TV interviews can eliminate the learning gap between native and non-native language speakers. 3 Universities around the world serve students who are non-native speakers of th
The vanishing author in computer-generated works: a critical analysis of recent Australian case law
No full textAbstract
The use of software is ubiquitous in the creation of many copyright works, yet the requirement in copyright law that every work have a human author who engages in independent intellectual effort means that its use may prevent copyright subsistence. Several recent Australian cases have refocused attention on authorship as an essential criterion of copyright subsistence, and these cases suggest that much computer-produced output may be authorless and thus lack copyright protection. This article, the first in a two-part series, analyses how each case deals with the question of authorship of computer-produced works and why the use of software diminishes copyright protection for a significant number of computer-generated works. The article critiques the application of conventional notions of human authorship developed in the pre-computer age to modern productions and suggests alternative approaches to authorship that satisfy both the major objectives of copyright policy and the need to adapt to the computer age. The article argues that, without a broader judicial approach to authorship of computer-generated works, Parliament must remedy the lacuna in protection for these ‘authorless’ works. Possible solutions for reform are suggested. In a forthcoming article, the author comprehensively examines those reform proposals
The construction of Karen Karnak: The multi-author-function
No full textThis thesis is situated within the comparatively recent developments of Web 2.0 and the emergence of interactive WikiMedia, and explores the mode of authorship within a Read/Write culture compared to that of a Read/Only tradition. The hypothesis of this study is that the role of the audience has become merged with the author, and as such, represents new functions and attributes, distinct from a more conventional concept of authorship, in which the roles of audience and author are more separate. Read/Write and participatory culture, as defined by this study, is focused on collaboration, and includes the influences of D.I.Y. culture, Open-Source practices and the production of text by multiple authors. Multi-authorship presents a re-thinking of several concepts which support the notion of the individual author, since the focus of multi-authorship is not on attribution and ownership of a finished text, but on the continued malleability of a text. Modes of multi-authorship, demonstrated in the use of the pseudonyms Alan Smithee and Karen Eliot, represent declarative authors whose names signify multiple origins, whilst concurrently indicating a distinct body of work. The function of these names form an important context to this study, since primary research involves the construction of an experimental mode of multi-authorship utilising WikiMedia technology and the interaction of thirty nine participants, who are invited to create a body of work under the collective pseudonym Karen Karnak. The data generated by this experiment is analysed using aspects of Michel Foucault's author-function to identify and determine power structures inherent in the WikiMedia context. The interplay of power structures, including concepts such as identity, ownership and the body of work, affect the resulting mode of authorship and contribute to the construction of Karen Karnak, suggesting further areas of research into the emerging multi-author
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