166 research outputs found
Hubaysh al-Tbilisi and His Work on Errors of Qur’anic Qirâat: Kitab al-Talhis
No full textHubeyş b. İbrahim et-Tiflîsî Anadolu Selçukluları döneminde
yaşamış, üretken bir müelliftir. Çok sayıda eser yazmış
olmasına karşın ana kaynaklarda hakkında yeterince bilgi
bulunmamaktadır. Tespit edilebilen otuz kadar eserinin ikisi
Kur’ân hakkındadır. Bu araştırma, müellifin iki önemli
eserinden biri olan Kitâbü’t-telhîs’i ele almaktadır. Kitâbü’ttelhîs, Kur’ân kırâatine dair yaygın hataları ortaya koyup
çözümlerini öneren bir eserdir. Orijinali üç bölüm olan eserin
sadece birinci bölümü günümüze ulaşabilmiştir. Birinci
bölüm iki sayfadan ibaret olup yazma eser halinde
kütüphane raflarında durmaktadır. Araştırmamız, daha çok
müellife ve eserine dikkat çekmeyi, ilgilileri eserin
varlığından haberdar etmeyi ve onlara yol göstermeyi
hedeflemektedir.Hubaysh b. Ibrahim al-Tbilisi is a productive author who
lived during Anatolian Seljuqs period. Despite the fact that
he has written a great number of works, there is not enough
information about him in the main sources. Tbilisi has more
than 30 works. Both of these works are about the Qur’an.
This article deals with Kitâb al-talhîs, one of the author’s two
most important works. The Kitâb al-talhîs reveals the errors
of Qur’anic qırâat and their resorts. This work is consist of
three parts actually. But, only the first episode could came
the present day. The first section stands on the library shelves
as a writing work on two pages. Our research is based on the
this part. This study aims to attention the author and his
work, to inform them about the existence of the work and to
awaken new ideas.ص
قد عاش حبيش بن ابراهيم التفليسي خالل فترة السالجقة
ّف تأليفات عديدة، التوجد
ّف المؤل
األناضولية. وهو مؤلف مثمر. على ال ّرغم أل
فليسي أكثر من ثالثين تأليفا. إثنان من
معلومات كافية في المصادر ال ّرئيسية. لِلتّ
لخيص"، واحدة من
تأليفاته معلقتان حول القرآن. هذه مقالتنا تتناول "كتاب التّ
ّل األخطاء. إ ّن
لخيص يهدف أن يُكشف علل قراآت القرآن و يُحل
إثنين. كتاب التّ
لخيص مر ّكب من ثالثة أجزاء في األصل. كان الجز
كتاب الت ء األ ّول فقط من ّ
ّالث األصل ّي قادرا على الوصول إلى يومنا. القسم األ ّول صفحتان و النسخة
الث
تقف على رفوف المكتبة. يستند بحثنا على الجزء الموجود. الهدف من هذه
أليف
ّف وأثره و اإلبالغ عن وجود التّ
ال ّدراسة اإلنتباه إلى ال
نشر مقدمة "الفوائد المكية في تفسير سورة النبأ على الحاشية العصامية على تفسير البيضاوي" لشيخ اإلسالم ميرزا مصطفى والدراسة القصيرة عليها
No full textKadı Beydavi’nin (ö. 685/1286) Envâru’t-Tenzîl ve Esrâru’t-Te’vîl adlı tefsiri üzerine yazılan pek çok haşiyeden biri İsâmuddîn el-İsferâyînî’nin (ö. 945/1538) Hâşiye alâ Cüz’i Amme min Tefsîri’l-Beydâvî isimli eseridir. İslâm dünyasındaki önemi nedeniyle söz konusu eserin üzerine hâşiye türünde çok sayıda çalışma yapılmıştır. Mirzâ Mustafa Efendi’nin (ö. 1135/1722) elFevâidü’l-Mekkiyye ale’l-Hâşiyeti’l-‘İsâmiyye adını verdiği eseri bu tarz bir hâşiye olup sadece Nebe suresini içermektedir. Bu makalede söz konusu eserin mukaddimesi muhteva yönüyle incelenmiş ve metin notlarla neşredilmiştirHundreeds of explanations (hashiyah) have been written on al-Qadi alBaidawi’s commantary in the name of Anvar al-Tanzil wa Asrar al-Ta’wil. One of these is explenation named Hashiya ala Juz Amma min Tafsir alBaidawi that written by Isamaddin al-Isfaraini. Isamaddin’s hashiyah is very well-knownd and very important. It’s therefore known that many hashiyah were written to explain it. Mirza Moustafa Efendi’s works named al-Fawaid al-Makkiyya ala’l-Hashiyat al-‘Isamiyya is such a work and contains only the surah of Naba. We examined the hashiyah of author Mirza Mustafa’s work in terms of content.لقد ألف كثير من أهل العلم ومنهم عصام الدين اإلسفراييني )ت1538م على
( حواشيا
أنوار التنزيل وأسرار التأويل للبيضاوي )ت1286م(. وأما شيخ اإلسالم ميرزا
مصطفى )ت1722م( فهو من المهت ّمين بهذه الحاشية في إطار تفسير سورة النبأ وقد
في مكة. فهذه
ً
ّف شيخ اإلسالم حاشية س ّماها بالفوائد المكية؛ حينما كان قاضيا
أل
الدراسة ترتكز على نشر مقدمة ميرزا مصطفى والدراسة القصيرة عليها ألهميتها في
تط ّور علم التفسير في الدولة العثمانية خا ّصة وأ ّن مؤلفها هو من مدينة باطوم الواقعة
. وخالل هذه الدراسة وبمثلها، يمكن أن نزيل الستار عن اآلثار
ً
في جورجيا حاليا
ُم ْسلمة التي كانت تحت الرعاية العثمانية.
العلمية والدينية في األماكن غي
Ibrahim el-Antaki's divan called Burhanul-Burhan-examination and verification
No full textDoktora TeziBu araştırma, Arap ve İslam kültür mirasına katkı sağlamak amacıyla, şair İbrahim el-Antaki'nin (H. 926-M. 1520) "Burhanu'l-Burhan" adlı divanının yazma nüshasını incelemektedir. Başka bir eseri bulunmayan ve çok tanınmayan yazarın bu eseri, araştırmacılar ve muhakkikler tarafından yeterince ele alınmamıştır. Yazarın şiirleri dönemin toplumsal yapısını, halk kültürünü, geleneklerini ve karakteristik özelliklerini yansıtmasına rağmen, eser uzun süre yazarına atfedilmemiştir. Divan, dönemin toplumsal entelektüel seviyesini ortaya koyması ve günümüz kültürüyle karşılaştırma imkânı sunması bakımından önem arz etmektedir. Araştırmada bilimsel inceleme ilkeleri ve tahkik kuralları çerçevesinde yazarın biyografisi, eserin yazara aidiyeti, divanın anlaşılmayan kasidelerinin ve aruz vezinlerinin tespiti, divandaki aruz, dil ve gramer hatalarının tashihi ile şiirlerdeki Beyan ve Bediî sanatlarının özellikleri incelenmiştir.This research examines the manuscript of the divan named "Burhanu'l-Burhan" by poet Ibrahim al-Antaki (H. 926-A.D. 1520) in order to contribute to the Arab and Islamic cultural heritage. This work of the author, who has no other works and is not very well known, has not been sufficiently studied by researchers and scholars. Although the author's poems reflect the social structure, folk culture, traditions and characteristic features of the period, the work has not been attributed to its author for a long time. The divan is important in terms of revealing the social intellectual level of the period and providing an opportunity for comparison with today's culture. In the research, the following issues were addressed within the framework of scientific examination principles and investigation rules: the author's biography, the work's belonging to the author, the detection of the divan's incomprehensible odes and aruz meters, the correction of aruz, language and grammar errors in the divan, and the characteristics of the arts of Beyan and Bediî in the poems were examined
Bi-Attempted Base Optimization Algorithm on Optimization of Hydrosystems
No full textThis study aims to search for optimum design parameters for a slurry pipeline problem and optimum operation parameters for a multi-reservoir scheduling problem by using Bi-Attempted Base Optimization Algorithm (ABaOA), which has been recently developed as a numerical bidirectional search algorithm. The slurry pipeline problem is a constrained non-linear cost minimization problem with constraints on facility capacities. It has two separate cost terms that behave differently with changes in decision variables. The problem includes several decision variables in addition to the fact that the objective function is highly non-linear. On the other hand, the multi-reservoir problem is a well-known problem in Hydraulics that aims to maximize benefit by optimizing the releases of each reservoir. The problem has a known global optimum, which is used to test the abilities of the ABaOA. The ABaOA is developed from Base Optimization Algorithm (BaOA) by transforming its operators with the aim to diversify the search paths to reach the global optimum. Its applications in hydrosystems show that it converges to the optimum solutions in reasonable times. The results from the first application are compared to the ones obtained from Genetic Algorithms (GA) application. It is observed that ABaOA outperformed GA in terms of speed of convergence and finding a better alternative solution. The ABaOA reaches the global optimum in the second application. In addition, alternatives with better benefit functions, including some penalties have been determined.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Rivers, Ports, Waterways and Dredging Engineerin
An analysis on the novels of Burhan Cahit Morkaya until the alphabet revolution
No full textÖZET Burhan Cahit Morkaya, 1892 yılında İstanbul doğmuştur. Lise tahsilini Mercan İdadîsi'nde, yüksek öğrenimini Mekteb-i Mülkiye'de tamamlayan yazar, yaşamı boyunca memuriyette hiç bulunmamıştır. Burhan Cahit, 1946 seçimlerinde meclise girmiş, askerlik probleminden dolayı, seçim mazbatası 1947'de Meclis tarafından reddedilmiştir. Yazarın edebiyata ilgisinin ne zaman başladığı bilinmemekle birlikte gazeteciliği, Mülkiye'deki öğrencilik yıllarında başlamıştır. Yazar, 1909'da başlayan gazeteciliğini, 1946 yılına kadar hiç ara vermeden devam ettirmiştir. Yeni Gazete, Servet-i Fünûn, Vatan, Son Posta, Milliyet gibi gazetelerde çalışan yazar, Karagöz, Millet, Milliyet ve Köroğlu gazetelerini ise çıkartan Burhan Cahit'in yazı hayatı, gazetecilik ve romancılık olarak ikiye ayrılır. Gazetecilik yazar için asıl iş, romancılık ise gazetecilikle birlikte yürütülen bir iştir. Yazarın çıkartmakla övündüğü Köroğlu gazetesi, onun yazı hayatının son durağıdır. Burhan Cahit, 1949'da bir kalp rahatsızlığından dolayı vefat etmiştir. Yazar, evvela gazeteci, sonra romancıdır. Sayıları kırka yaklaşan romanları ile çıkarttığı ve idare ettiği gazetelerde yayınladığı binlerce makalesiyle Burhan Cahit, tarihî bir şahsiyettir. Çalışmamız, yazarın, Harf İnkılabı' ndan önce neşredilmiş olan yedi romanının incelenmesi ve değerlendirilmesine ayrılmıştır. Çalışmamız, üç bölümden oluşur. İlk bölümde, Burhan Cahit'in hayatı hususî hayatı, gazeteciliği, milletvekilliği, sanat ve edebiyat görüşü ana çizgileriyle incelenmiştir. İkinci bölümde, yazarın yedi romanı, olay örgüsü, tema, şahıs kadrosu, mekân, zaman bakımından değerlendirilmiştir. Üçüncü bölüm ise ikinci bölümde yapı unsurları incelenen yedi eser, kelime, cümle ve üslup bakımından değerlendirilmiştir. s Sonuç kısmı ise inceleme sonunda ulaşılmış bilgilerin öz cümlelerle verilmesine ayrılmıştır. Kaynakça kısmında ise Burhan Cahit'in incelenen eserlerinin tam künyesi verilmiş, istifade edilen kitaplar ve makaleler belirtilmiştir. IIABSTRACT Burhan Cahit Morkaya was born in Istanbul in 1892. He finished Mercan High School. Then he went to Mekteb-i Mülkiye. He never became a state official. He was elected for the Grand National Assembly in 1946, but he was rejected by the Assembly due to the problem of the military service. Although it is not clear when his interest in literature began, we know that his journalist carrier went back to his Mülkiye days. Journalism constitutes the central element of his carrier as writer. He began to work as a journalist in 1909, and without a break, he continued to work until 1946. He wrote for Yeni Gazete, Servet-i Fünûn, Vatan and the like, and he published Karagöz, Millet, Milliyet and Köroğlu. We can divide his life as an author into two part; journalist and novelist. Journalism was his main job, however, novel was a secondary interest subordinated to the journalism. Köroğlu newspaper was final stage in his authorship. He died in 1949 due to heart attack. As have already pointed out he was a journalist firstly and a novelist secondly. If we look at his forty novels and thousands of articles published in the different newspapers, we can see that he was an historical figure. Our study analyzes and evaluates his seven novels that were published before the Alphabet Reform. The study consists of three parts. The first part figures out his life, journalism, membership of the Grand National Assembly, and conception of art and literature. The second part analyzes his seven novels with respect to events, theme, heroes, space and time. The third part examines the novels in question in regards to style, sentence and word. The last part discuss the findings in brief. The bibliography part contains the full editorial references of the novels along with the references that were used in the study. Il
The Manuscript of Al Naji Response on the Abrogator and the Abrogated by Burhan Edeen Al Naji who died in 900H
No full textThis research comes as part of the Quranic studies which aims at studying and investigating the manuscriptCof Al Naji response on the abrogator and the abrogated by Burhan Edeen Al Naji who died in 900 H.The focus on the scholars' legacy and their writtings and bringing them to light is one of the reasons for choosing to study this manuscript, and it's importance comes for the high status of it's author , in addition to the scient ific value of the manuscript. The research consisted of an introduction and two parts : the first part consisted of two areas of research: the first area on studying the author life and his scientific status ,and the second on studying the manuscript and the substatiation of its attribution, discription ,methodology and resources. And the second part is on investigation of the manuscript and then the conclusion in which I mentioned the key findings like : Apprenticeship of Burhan Edeen at the important maintainers of his time which had an impact on his high scientific position and his entrenchment in Hadith sciences and multiplicity of his modern authorities like: Availability of Scientific Evidence Inherits Prevelance of Probability, this authority was by Burhan Edeen Al Naji and also Al Naji did not intend to handle all the abrogated verses in Quran but just establishment of the occurrence of the abrogation with the indication that it was from Quran and then abrogated in reciting
Selîm-Nâme: İshâk b. İbrâhîm
No full textBurhan Keskin tarafından incelenen bu Selim-name, İzmir Milli Kütüphane'de, Türkçe yazmalar bölümünde, 1874 numarada bulunmaktadır. Selim-name'nin yazarı İshak b. İbrahim'in doğumu M.1465, vefatı M.1537'dir. Muhtemelen 1512-1514 seneleri arasında kaleme alınmış olmalıdır. İstinsahı Cafer Çavuş tarafından M.1591 yılında tamamlanmıştır. M.1509'dan, 1512'ye kadar olan olaylar hakkında bilgi verir. Selim-name'de, İstanbul depreminden başlayarak, Şehzadelerin birbirleri ile olan mücadelerine, Padişah Bayezit'in Şehzade Ahmet'e gönderdiği mektuplara, Vezir-i Azam Hadım Ali Paşa'nın Şehzade Ahmet'i desteklemek için yaptığı çalışmalara değinilmiştir. Ayrıca Şah-Kulu Baba Tekeli isyanıyla, Selim'in Kefe üzerinden Rumeli'ye gidişi ve babası Bayezit ile yaptığı savaşa da yer verilmiştir. Selim-name, Selim'in Şehzade Ahmet üzerine çıktığı Anadolu seferiyle son bulur.The book Selim-nâme, studied by Burhan KESKİN, is registered in number 1874 in the department of Turkish Handwork writings in Izmir National Library. It must have been written between 1 51 2 - 1 51 4 A. D. The author, Ishak b. Ib rahim was born in 1 463 and died in 1 537 A.D. A copy of it was finished by Cafer Çavuş in 1 591. It refers to the events which took place between 1 509 and 1512. In the begining of book, it tells the eartquake in Istanbul, the disputes among princes (şehzadeler); the letters written by the emperor Bayezit II to prince Ahmet and Vezir-i Azam (Prime Minister) Hadım Ali Pasha's effort to support Şehzade Ahmet (Prince Ahmet). In addition, it mentions Şah-Kulu Baba Tekeli riot, Selim's going to war in Ru meli by passing Kefe and the war between Selim I and his father, Emperor Be- yazit. In the end, the book ends with Selim's going to Anatolia and the fight bet ween Selim I and his brother, Prince Ahmed
KONFLIK BULLYING DAN STRATEGI PENANGANANNYA DI SMP NURUL BURHAN WIDODAREN
No full textBullying conflicts often occur in formal school education environments and have many impacts. Bullying conflicts in schools are a serious problem that can affect students' well-being and the overall learning environment. This research is descriptive qualitative field research. Information sources in this research are categorized into two groups, namely primary data (primary data) and secondary data. Data sources were selected using a purposive sampling method, namely by directly appointing individuals who have the knowledge and expertise to provide reliable and accurate information regarding the subject matter under study. Meanwhile, data collection methods or research instruments use observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis used in this research includes data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions/verification. The results of this research, the author can limit the problem, namely, Bullying is violent behavior carried out by individuals or groups who have power over other individuals who are weaker. This research identified four types of bullying that occurred at Nurul Burhan Widodaren Middle School, namely physical, verbal, mental and cyberbullying. The teacher's role in overcoming bullying includes the role of advisor and guide, by applying a persuasive approach and character learning. Teacher strategies involve religious learning approaches, character education, and collaboration with parents to reduce bullying and increase students' social awareness.
Keywords: Conflict, Bullying, Strategy, Nurul Burhan Middle SchoolKonflik Bullying banyak terjadi di lingkungan pendidikan formal sekolah dan menimbulkan banyak dampak. Konflik bullying di sekolah adalah masalah serius yang dapat mempengaruhi kesejahteraan siswa dan lingkungan belajar secara keseluruhan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan yang bersifat deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber informasi dalam penelitian ini dikategorikan menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu data primer (data primer) dan data sekunder. Sumber data dipilih dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling, yaitu dengan menunjuk secara langsung individu-individu yang mempunyai pengetahuan dan keahlian untuk memberikan informasi yang dapat dipercaya dan tepat mengenai pokok bahasan yang diteliti. Sedangkan metode pengumpulan data atau instrumen penelitian menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan/verifikasi. Hasil penelitian ini penulis dapat membatasi masalah yaitu, Bullying merupakan perilaku kekerasan yang dilakukan oleh individu atau kelompok yang memiliki kekuasaan terhadap individu lain yang lebih lemah. Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi empat jenis bullying yang terjadi di SMP Nurul Burhan Widodaren, yaitu fisik, verbal, mental, dan cyberbullying. Peran guru dalam mengatasi bullying meliputi peran sebagai penasihat dan pembimbing, dengan menerapkan pendekatan persuasif dan pembelajaran karakter. Strategi guru melibatkan pendekatan pembelajaran religius, pendidikan karakter, dan kerjasama dengan orang tua untuk mengurangi bullying dan meningkatkan kesadaran sosial peserta didik.
Kata kunci : Konflik, Bullying, Strategi, SMP Nurul Burha
Postal services in the digital age
No full textIn recent years, the postal sector has undergone radical changes, which have primarily been driven by operational and technological developments. Not only has the advent of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) added competition to the market, but it has also provided ample opportunity for the broadening and improvement of services and product range. This book deals with the challenges faced by the postal sector in the digital age, and with the vast opportunities that technological advancements offer postal operators with regard to developing new business solutions and services tailored to the needs of their customers. It provides an analysis of these opportunities and identifies the ways in which postal operators might benefit from the digital age and new market requirements. The book is divided into three main parts: various digital dimensions; e-commerce challenges; and opportunities for partnership with governments. A final chapter discusses the developments described in the book and the views and ideas of the authors. The book will be of interest to all those responsible for developing and running postal services, as well as to anyone affected by the changes which have already taken place or the possibilities opening up for new and improved services.-- Editors and Contributors
-- Foreword, Bishar Abdirahman Hussein
-- Preface, Matthias Finger, Bernhard Bukovc and Muqbil Burhan
-- Introduction: Postal Services in the Digital Age, Matthias Finger
-- Section I. The Digital Dimensions
-- Character of Substitution and Its Significance for Letter Demand: The Finnish Case, Heikki Nikali
-- The Journey of Postal Operators into Digital Services Using the Concept of Business Models, Nandkumar Kollara
-- How to Become a Best-Run Postal Service Organization, Michaela Hohlwein and Hans G. Landgraf
-- The Digital Postal Network at the Heart of Service Innovation, Paul Donohoe
-- Section II. The e-Commerce Challenge
-- Postal Organisations in the Face of eCommerce: Part of the Steamroller or Part of the Road?, Richard Umbers
-- Postal Service Innovation: New Value Propositions to Enable International e-Commerce, Farah Abdallah
-- The New and Shifting Paradigm, e-Commerce and Its Future Impact, David Spottiswood
-- Section III. Partnering with Governments
-- Swiss Post and Public Administration: From Physical to Digital, Denis Morel
-- Postal Operators as Viable e-Government Partners: A Case Study of Three Major Postal Operators, Muqbil Burhan
-- Section IV. Thinking Ahead
-- Evolved: The New Systems of the World, David Williams
-- Intellectual Property Rights and the Future of Universal Service Obligations in Communications, Christian Jaag
-- Connectors and Solution Providers – Postal Services in the Digital Age, Bernhard Bukovc
-- Subject Index
-- Author Inde
BURHAN SÖNMEZ’İN “İSTANBUL İSTANBUL” ADLI ROMANININ YAPISAL ÇÖZÜMLEMESİ
No full textThe novel "Istanbul Istanbul" by Burhan Sönmez, a contemporary writer, is based on a social collapse that constitutes the common starting point of the author's narratives. In the novel, the oppressive order brought by a political authority to the people of Istanbul is conveyed. However, the reflections of the state of mental collapse imposed on the individual on the society are the subject of this work. When we say the novel genre, the elements of structure form each novel in different ways in technical sense and integrity. However, it is extremely important to ensure unity of meaning within the work. Based on the novel "Istanbul Istanbul", it is necessary to construct and use the factors within a structuralist perspective. In this work, the element of structure goes through the following stages when it is in the examination stage; from name to content, point of view and narrator, plot, time, place and cast of people. With the attempt to specify the work under these headings, the meaning revealed by the structures must follow each other in an orderly manner. In the analysis of space for this novel, it is a clear necessity to take the perceptual burden that the author attributes to space as a basis. It is also very important that the wide and narrow planes in this novel are important for the spaces. In the plane of people in the work, it is also essential to identify the protagonist and the side characters that take shape around the protagonist. The author has revealed the most important factor in the completion of the integrity of meaning in this work by analysing the structural elements in the work in order to reveal the patterns of meaning within the framework of the characters.Günümüz yazarlarından Burhan Sönmez’in “İstanbul İstanbul” adlı romanı, yazarın anlatılarının ortak çıkış noktasını oluşturan toplumsal bir çöküşü esas alır. Romanda siyasi bir otoritenin, İstanbul insanına getirmiş olduğu baskıcı düzen aktarılmıştır. Bununla birlikte bireye yüklenmiş olan ruhsal çöküntü hâlinin ise topluma yansımaları bu esere konu edinilmiştir. Roman türü dediğimizde yapı unsurları, her romanı teknik anlamda ve bütünlük içerisinde farklı şekillerde oluşturur. Bununla birlikte eser içerisinde anlam birliğini sağlamakta son derece önemlidir. “İstanbul İstanbul” romanı baz alındığında da yapısalcı bir bakış açısı içerisinde faktörlerin kurgulanması ve kullanılması gerekmektedir. Bu eserde, yapı unsuru inceleme aşamasındayken şu aşamalardan geçmektedir; isimden içeriğe, bakış açısı ve anlatıcı, olay örgüsü, zaman, mekân ve kişiler kadrosu. Eserin bu başlıklar altında belirtilmeye çalışılması ile birlikte, yapıların ortaya koyduğu anlamın, düzenli bir şekilde birbirini takip etmesi gereklidir. Yazarın bu roman için mekân çözümlemesinde, mekâna yüklemiş olduğu algısal yükün esas alınması belirgin bir gerekliliktir. Bu roman içerisinde geçen geniş ve dar düzlemlerin mekânlar için önemli olması da bir hayli mühimdir. Eserdeki kişiler düzleminde ise, başkişi ve başkişinin etrafında şekil alan yan karakterlerin tespit edilmesi de elzemdir. Yazar bu eser de anlam bütünlüğünün tamamlanmasındaki en önemli faktörü, söz konusu eserin içerisinde yer alan yapı unsurlarının, karakterler çerçevesindeki anlam örüntülerini açığa kavuşturmak amacıyla çözümleyerek ortaya koymuştur
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