56 research outputs found
Crisis in trust through the contemporary Lebanese novel
No full textNaoum Abi-Rached wonders what foundations are necessary for being able to establish a dialogue and establish trust, bearing in mind that the references and the experiences one has lived through are distinct. What supports do language and ways of speaking need inorder to overcome suspicion, establish trust and culminate in a dialogue that will not be a dialogue of the deaf? For Abi-Rached, trust does not have its own existence, and it is conceived only in the process of a relationship with others. This author prefers to define the I in interaction with the Other and not through the Other. But, who is this Other? Friend or foe? Through writing, an attempt is made at re-establishing the lost balance of a society threatened at its foundations. The violence that we find in these writings issometimes a cry of pain or an interrupted dialogue, but the novels are constructed to refind the lost trust or to illustrate a trust which is being lost
Bowl Inversion of Surface-Adsorbed Sumanene
No full textBowl-shaped π-conjugated compounds offer the possibility to study curvature-dependent host–guest interactions and chemical reactivity in ideal model systems. For surface-adsorbed π bowls, however, only conformations with the bowl opening pointing away from the surface have been observed so far. Here we show for sumanene on Ag(111) that both bowl-up and bowl-down conformations can be stabilized. Analysis of the molecular layer as a function of coverage reveals an unprecedented structural phase transition involving a bowl inversion of one-third of the molecules. On the basis of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and complementary atomistic simulations, we develop a model that describes the observed phase transition in terms of a subtle interplay between inversion-dependent adsorption energies and intermolecular interactions. In addition, we explore the coexisting bowl-up and -down conformations with respect to host–guest binding of methane. STM reveals a clear energetic preference for methane binding to the concave face of sumanene
Communicating complexity and informing decision-makers : challenges in the data and computation of environmental benefits of renewable energy
No full textThesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2008.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-76).This thesis contrasts the quantification of avoided emission benefits of renewable generation as determined by a marginal emissions analysis and the methodology specified by the Massachusetts Greenhouse Gas Policy and Protocol. Both methodologies are applied to an offshore wind installation that is currently being proposed by the Town of Hull, Massachusetts. The key finding is that the Massachusetts Greenhouse Gas Policy undercounts the avoided emissions benefits of the proposed installation by a range of 30%-50%, depending on the emission. Finally, the policy implications of this finding is explored and expounded upon.Tarek Rached.S.M
Imam al-Azra'i, His Methods and Choices in His Book "Qut al-Muhtaj Sharh al-Minhaj"
No full textTezimiz, İmam Şihâbüddîn el-Ezraî'nin (ö. 783/1381) fıkıh metodunu İmâm Nevevî'nin Minhâcu't-Talîbîn'i üzerine yazdığı şerhten yola çıkarak tespitini hedeflemektedir. Çalışmada takip edilecek sistem, kitabın tanıtımı, mezhep içerisindeki konumunun belirlenmesi, ilmi açıdan önemi ve şerhte izlenen yöntemde öne çıkan başlıklar üzerinde durmak için metnin tahlili şeklinde olacaktır. Müellifin izlediği yöntem sırasıyla şu şekildedir: Sunum-çıkarım (arz-istidlal) yöntemlerinin kullanılması, Nevevî'nin metninden takipli olarak, meselelerin tartışılması ve eksikliklerin giderilmesi (istidrak). Bu tahlilden maksat Şafii mezhebindeki iki meşhur tenkîh arasında ağır basan fıkıh düşüncesinin anlaşılması, yapılan değerlendirmelerden yola çıkarak fıkıh mirasında saklı bulunan menhece, fıkıh ilmini düzenleyen kaidelere, doğru düşünce ve sağlam bir metodolojik sistem içerisinde ulaşmak, çıkarımlarda bulunup fetva üretmektir. Nitekim günümüzde bu yöntemlerin analiz edilmesi ve üzerinde düşünülmesi fıkıh ilminin bize sunduğu mekanizmayı anlayabilmek adına bu ilimle uğraşan kişiler için birincil mesleki bir zorunluluktur. Bir diğer görev ise hiç şüphesiz ulaşılan kaide ve usullerin günümüzde ortaya çıkan durumlarda işletilmesidir. Çalışma sonunda ortaya çıkan sonuçlardan en önemlileri şu şekilde ifade edebilir. Müellif, Şafii'nin el-Ümm'mü, Müzenî'nin el-Muhtasar'ı gibi fıkıh metinlerine olan geniş hakimiyeti sayesinde müteahhir ulemanın itimat ettiği görüşlerdeki birtakım işkâlleri ortaya çıkarmıştır. Yazar, şerh noktasında oldukça kapasiteli bir şahsiyettir. Ayrıca, rivayetlerin hem kaydedilmesinde hem de nakledilmesinde göstermiş olduğu gayret ve diğer alimlerin rivayetlerinde yaptığı düzeltmeler müellifin önemli özelliklerindendir.Our thesis aims to determine the fiqh method of Imam Şihâbüddîn el-Ezraî (d. 783/1381), based on the commentary he wrote on Imam Nevevî's Minhâcu't-Talîbîn. The system to be followed during the study will be in the form of introducing the book, determining its position within the sect, expressing its scientific importance, and analyzing the text to focus on the prominent topics in the method followed in the commentary. The method followed by the author can be expressed as follows: Using presentation-inference (arz-istidlal) methods, following Nevevî's text, discussing the issues, and eliminating the deficiencies (istidrak). The purpose of this analysis is to understand the predominant idea of fiqh between the two famous criticisms in the Shafi'i sect, to reach the rules and principles regulating the science of fiqh, the method hidden in the fiqh heritage, based on the evaluations made, within the correct thought and a sound methodological system, to make inferences and produce fatwas. As a matter of fact, today, analyzing and thinking about these methods is a primary professional obligation for those who deal with this science in order to understand the mechanism that the science of fiqh offers us. Another task is, undoubtedly, to apply the rules and procedures that have been achieved in situations that arise today. The most important results of the study can be expressed as follows: Ezraî showed great care in proving and illustrating the provisions of the sect. As a matter of fact, this situation comes to the fore clearly in his book. Thanks to his extensive knowledge of fiqh texts such as Shafi'i's al-Umm'mu and Muzani's al-Muhtasar, the author has revealed some flaws in the views relied on by the advanced scholars. The author is a very competent person in terms of commentary. In addition, the effort he showed in both recording and transmitting the narrations and the corrections he made in the narrations of other scholars are among the important characteristics of the author
Epitaxial Fe-Ge thin films on Ge(111): Morphology, structure, and magnetic properties versus stoichiometry
No full textInternational audienceWe have studied the growth and magnetic properties of thin Fe-Ge films synthesized (codeposited at room temperature and postannealed at 250°C ) on Ge(111) wafers versus stoichiometry. Morphology and crystal structure have been investigated in situ by means of scanning tunneling microscopy, low-energy electron diffraction, and x-ray photoelectron diffraction and ex situ with x-ray diffraction. The magnetic properties were characterized ex situ by conventional polar and longitudinal magneto-optical Kerr effect and transverse biased initial inverse susceptibility and torque measurements. It is found that the growth is epitaxial for Ge content up to ˜48at.% ( ˜Fe1.1Ge composition). In particular, the film is homogeneous and flat and adopts a crystalline structure of hexagonal symmetry derived from the B82 (Ni2In) structure over a wide stoichiometry range extending from Fe2Ge to Fe1.1Ge . The epitaxial orientation between the Ge substrate and the germanide layer is (0001)Fe-Ge∥(111)Ge with [112¯0]Fe-Ge∥[1¯10]Ge . We found however that the surface periodicity and the out-of-plane lattice parameter c evolve within this stoichiometry range and two distinct stoichiometry regimes appear on both sides of a critical stoichiometry (˜Fe1.5Ge) . Indeed, from Fe2Ge to Fe1.5Ge the surface periodicity is p(2×2) and c continuously decreases with Fe content, whereas from Fe1.5Ge to Fe1.1Ge the surface periodicity is (3×3)R30° and c remains constant. These features have been interpreted as a clear fingerprint of a minor transformation of the crystalline structure but without any change in symmetry. This structural order transformation is discussed in relation to previous results reported in the case of macroscopic single-crystal Fe-Ge ingots. On both sides of the wide [Fe2Ge,Fe1.1Ge] composition range the layer is no more homogeneous. More precisely, for higher Fe content the film contains both the above mentioned Ni2In -derived phase and a Fe-richer phase (probably bcc Fe) whereas for higher Ge content the layer is amorphous. Magnetic characterization showed in particular that the homogeneous Ni2In -derived epilayers are ferromagnetic with a Curie temperature that varies drastically with the stoichiometry, rising up to a high TC value of ˜450K for the Fe-rich Fe1.9Ge composition. Finally, whatever the stoichiometry, the magnetic easy axis of the homogeneous phase lies in the film plane and a small uniaxial anisotropy is superimposed on a sixfold order one that results from the hexagonal symmetry of the crystallographic structure
Cartographic approach to regression of forest ecosystems in the area of Guerbes (Algeria) Author's Details: (1) Azzedine Hadef, (2) Nourreddine Mouhli, (3)
No full textABSTRACT This work is a diachronic study of the changing landscape occupying the land of the plain of Guerbes, which is localized in Skikda (north-east-Algerian
Characterization and developmental expression of the amphioxus homolog of Notch (AmphiNotch): Evolutionary conservation of multiple expression domains in amphioxus and vertebrates
No full textSee http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/dbio.2001.0271 for erratum correcting omission of Robert Kortschak from original author identificationNotch encodes a transmembrane protein that functions in intercellular signaling. Although there is one Notch gene in Drosophila, vertebrates have three or more with overlapping patterns of embryonic expression. We cloned the entire 7575-bp coding region of an amphioxus Notch gene (AmphiNotch), encoding 2524 amino acids, and obtained the exon/intron organization from a genomic cosmid clone. Southern blot and PCR data indicate that AmphiNotch is the only Notch gene in amphioxus. AmphiNotch, like Drosophila Notch and vertebrate Notch1 and Notch2, has 36 EGF repeats, 3 Notch/lin-12 repeats, a transmembrane region, and 6 ankyrin repeats. Phylogenetic analysis places it at the base of all the vertebrate genes, suggesting it is similar to the ancestral gene from which the vertebrate Notch family genes evolved. AmphiNotch is expressed in all three embryonic germ layers in spatiotemporal patterns strikingly similar to those of all the vertebrate homologs combined. In the developing nerve cord, AmphiNotch is first expressed in the posteriormost part of the neural plate, then it becomes more broadly expressed and later is localized dorsally in the anteriormost part of the nerve cord corresponding to the diencephalon. In late embryos and larvae, AmphiNotch is also expressed in parts of the pharyngeal endoderm, in the anterior gut diverticulum, and, like AmphiPax2/5/8, in the rudiment of Hatschek’s kidney. A comparison with Notch1 and Pax5 and Pax8 expression in the embryonic mouse kidney helps support homology of the amphioxus and vertebrate kidneys. AmphiNotch is also an early marker for presumptive mesoderm, transcripts first being detectable at the gastrula stage in a ring of mesendoderm just inside the blastopore and subsequently in the posterior mesoderm, notochord, and somites. As in sea urchins and vertebrates, these domains of AmphiNotch expression overlap with those of several Wnt genes and brachyury. These relationships suggest that amphioxus shares with other deuterostomes a common mechanism for patterning along the anterior/posterior axis involving a posterior signaling center in which the Notch and Wnt pathways and brachyury interact.Linda Z. Holland, Laurent Abi Rached, Richard Tamme, Nicholas D. Holland, Hidetoshi Inoko, Takashi Shiina, Carola Burgtorf, and Michael Lardellihttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0012160
O monarca mais curioso do Brasil
No full text"Brazil\u27s Most Curious Monarch" shows the charismatic personality and intelligence of Emperor Pedro II during his visit to the United States on the occasion of the United States Centennial Exhibition in Philadelphia, viewed through the eyes of an American author. Este artigo mostra como um autor norte-americano viu a personalidade carismática e a inteligência do Imperador Pedro II, durante sua visita aos Estados Unidos, por ocasião da Exposição do Centenário daquele país, em Filadélfia
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