825 research outputs found
Vem är "Maja Lundgren" i Maja Lundgrens Myggor och tigrar? : Fakta och fiktion som ontologi, framställningssätt eller retorisk kommunikationsakt
No full textMaja Lundgren’s outspoken description in Myggor och tigrar (2007) of the male dominated cultural life of Sweden raised an animated debate in media. Well known authors and journalists felt themselves scandalized and accused Lundgren of being paranoid. Others claimed that the narrator and character »Maja Lundgren« was not to be confused with Maja Lundgren the author, because the book was fictional and not factual. In this article I discuss Myggor och tigrar out from different fiction theories and conclude that it seems most rewarding to approach the problem of fictionality as a question of rhetorical communication rather than ontology or stylistic devices. I also maintain that Lundgren’s book would implode if read as fiction, since the rhetorical strategy implies the identity of the author and the character.</p
Vem är »Maja Lundgren« i Maja Lundgrens Myggor och tigrar? Fakta och fiktion som ontologi, framställningssätt eller retorisk kommunikationsakt
No full textSten Wistrand is associate professor in comparative
literature at Örebro University.Maja Lundgren’s outspoken description in Myggor och tigrar
(2007) of the male dominated cultural life of Sweden raised an
animated debate in media. Well known authors and journalists
felt themselves scandalized and accused Lundgren of being
paranoid. Others claimed that the narrator and character
»Maja Lundgren« was not to be confused with Maja Lundgren
the author, because the book was fictional and not factual. In
this article I discuss Myggor och tigrar out from different
fiction theories and conclude that it seems most rewarding to
approach the problem of fictionality as a question of rhetorical
communication rather than ontology or stylistic devices. I also
maintain that Lundgren’s book would implode if read as fiction,
since the rhetorical strategy implies the identity of the
author and the character
Inferior clinical outcome of the CD4+ cell count-guided antiretroviral treatment interruption strategy in the SMART study: role of CD4+ Cell counts and HIV RNA levels during follow-up.
No full textVariable impact on mortality of AIDS‐Defining events diagnosed during combination antiretroviral therapy: Not All AIDS‐defining conditions are created equal
No full textBackground
The extent to which mortality differs following individual acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)–defining events (ADEs) has not been assessed among patients initiating combination antiretroviral therapy.
Methods
We analyzed data from 31,620 patients with no prior ADEs who started combination antiretroviral therapy. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate mortality hazard ratios for each ADE that occurred in >50 patients, after stratification by cohort and adjustment for sex, HIV transmission group, number of anti-retroviral drugs initiated, regimen, age, date of starting combination antiretroviral therapy, and CD4+ cell count and HIV RNA load at initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy. ADEs that occurred in <50 patients were grouped together to form a “rare ADEs” category.
Results
During a median follow-up period of 43 months (interquartile range, 19–70 months), 2880 ADEs were diagnosed in 2262 patients; 1146 patients died. The most common ADEs were esophageal candidiasis (in 360 patients), Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (320 patients), and Kaposi sarcoma (308 patients). The greatest mortality hazard ratio was associated with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (hazard ratio, 17.59; 95% confidence interval, 13.84–22.35) and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (hazard ratio, 10.0; 95% confidence interval, 6.70–14.92). Three groups of ADEs were identified on the basis of the ranked hazard ratios with bootstrapped confidence intervals: severe (non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy [hazard ratio, 7.26; 95% confidence interval, 5.55–9.48]), moderate (cryptococcosis, cerebral toxoplasmosis, AIDS dementia complex, disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex, and rare ADEs [hazard ratio, 2.35; 95% confidence interval, 1.76–3.13]), and mild (all other ADEs [hazard ratio, 1.47; 95% confidence interval, 1.08–2.00]).
Conclusions
In the combination antiretroviral therapy era, mortality rates subsequent to an ADE depend on the specific diagnosis. The proposed classification of ADEs may be useful in clinical end point trials, prognostic studies, and patient management
Discontinuation of secondary prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with HIV infection who have a response to antiretroviral therapy
No full textBackground: Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and a history of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia are at high risk for relapse if they are not given secondary prophylaxis. Whether secondary prophylaxis against P. carinii pneumonia can be safely discontinued in patients who have a response to highly active antiretroviral therapy is not known.
Methods: We analyzed episodes of recurrent P. carinii pneumonia in 325 HIV-infected patients (275 men and 50 women) in eight prospective European cohorts. Between October 1996 and January 2000, these patients discontinued secondary prophylaxis during treatment with at least three anti-HIV drugs after they had at least one peripheral-blood CD4 cell count of more than 200 cells per cubic millimeter.
Results: Secondary prophylaxis was discontinued at a median CD4 cell count of 350 per cubic millimeter; the median nadir CD4 cell count had been 50 per cubic millimeter. The median duration of the increase in the CD4 cell count to more than 200 per cubic millimeter after discontinuation of secondary prophylaxis was 11 months. The median follow-up period after discontinuation of secondary prophylaxis was 13 months, yielding a total of 374 person-years of follow-up; for 355 of these person-years, CD4 cell counts remained at or above 200 per cubic millimeter. No cases of recurrent P. carinii pneumonia were diagnosed during this period; the incidence was thus 0 per 100 patient-years (99 percent confidence interval, 0 to 1.2 per 100 patient-years, on the basis of the entire follow-up period, and 0 to 1.3 per 100 patient-years, on the basis of the follow-up period during which CD4 cell counts remained at or above 200 per cubic millimeter).
Conclusions: It is safe to discontinue secondary prophylaxis against P. carinii pneumonia in patients with HIV infection who have an immunologic response to highly active antiretroviral therapy
Technological innovation and network evolution
No full textTechnological Innovation and Network Evolution is one of the first volumes to illuminate contemporary network innovation in advanced technologies from a historical and evolutionary perspective. By looking at the new area of digital image processing, or 'machine vision', Anders Lundgren traces the advances which have been made as the technology becomes more and more highly developed, and the way in which success - and failure - relates to different kinds of organizational forms and industrial relationships. Through an examination of key issues, including public policy, system-builders, corporate strategy and internationalization, the author highlights the unique features of networks and the reasons for their growth and declineIn this thought-provoking volume, Anders Lundgren shows a rare appreciation of the process of generating a network, showing clearly the role of trial and error, the limits of policy, and the nature of support by constellations of producers and users. Students and researchers concerned with the management of innovation will find this of great interest, as will policy makers aiming to foster technological and industrial chang
ROCKY FORUM | The De-Italianization of Rocky Balboa: The Italian Stallion's Path to Becoming an American Hero
No full textAuthor: Juan Rodríguez Santos University of Alcalá Download PDF version If you polled Americans to identify which character in all cinema best represents American values, it is quite likely that many would choose Rocky Balboa (Sylvester Stallone). Without a doubt, the image of Rocky fighting with the colors of the American flag and defeating the Soviet boxer Ivan Drago (Dolph Lundgren) is already a Hollywood icon. In Rocky Road: The Hero's Journey of Rocky Balboa Through the “Rocky” Ant..
Markov closure for the Lundgren-Monin_Novikov hierarchy of velocity increments in Burgers turbulence
No full textA central, yet unsolved issue in the longstanding problem of hydrodynamic turbulence is the closure problem of turbulence, which is due to the nonlinear character of the Navier-Stokes equation. We formulate the closure problem for the many-increment probability distributions (PDF’s) in Burgers turbulence and introduce a new method for closing the hierarchy. To this end, we rely on the experimentally and numerically verified assumption in [1] that the turbulent cascade possesses a Markov property in scale down to the so-called Einstein-Markov length. The hierarchy is closed at the stage of the two-increment PDF corresponding to a three-point closure that allows for a description of intermittency effects, not captured by other closure approximations, i.e. Gaussian closures etc. The proposed closure also opens up a possible way to a perturbative treatment of the Navier-Stokes equation beyond the Einstein-Markov length in successively taking into account a larger and larger scale “history” of the system
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