1,720,955 research outputs found
United States Strategy Change: From Build Back Better World (B3W) To Partnership For Global Infrastructure And Investment (PGII)
Full text linkIn June 2021, U.S. President Joe Biden and G7 leaders launched the Build Back Better World (B3W) initiative – an ambitious global infrastructure partnership grounded in democratic values, transparency, and high standards. B3W was seen as a response to China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), aimed at expanding its influence across developing countries. However, a year later, the United States and G7 nations introduced a new strategy known as the Partnership for Global Infrastructure and Investment (PGII), marking a significant shift in their approach. This study employs a qualitative research method based on discourse analysis to examine this strategic transformation. The findings indicate that the shift from B3W to PGII was driven not only by geopolitical considerations but also by domestic political dynamics in the United States, particularly resistance in Congress. Internal political pressure prompted the Biden administration to adopt a more pragmatic and realistic approach. Accordingly, this study highlights how the interplay between domestic factors and great power rivalry has shaped U.S. foreign policy directions in responding to China’s influence through the BRI. Pada Juni 2021, Presiden AS Joe Biden dan para pemimpin G7 meluncurkan inisiatif infrastruktur global baru yang ambisius: Bangun Kembali Dunia yang Lebih Baik (B3W), sebuah kemitraan infrastruktur yang didorong oleh nilai-nilai, berstandar tinggi, dan transparan. B3W dipandang sebagai respons terhadap Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) yang diusung Tiongkok untuk memperluas pengaruhnya di negara-negara berkembang. Namun, setahun kemudian, Amerika Serikat dan negara-negara G7 memperkenalkan strategi baru bernama Kemitraan untuk Infrastruktur dan Investasi Global (PGII), menandai perubahan signifikan dalam pendekatan mereka. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif berbasis analisis wacana untuk menelaah dinamika tersebut. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pergeseran dari B3W ke PGII tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh konteks geopolitik, tetapi juga oleh dinamika politik domestik di Amerika Serikat, terutama resistensi dari Kongres. Tekanan politik internal mendorong pemerintahan Biden untuk mengadopsi pendekatan yang lebih pragmatis dan realistis. Dengan demikian, studi ini menyoroti bagaimana interaksi antara faktor domestik dan rivalitas kekuatan besar membentuk arah kebijakan luar negeri AS dalan merespons pengaruh Tiongkok melalui BRI
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Peran Jepang Dalam Upaya Perlindungan Lingkungan Internasional
Full text linkGlobalisasi berdampak pada kehidupan manusia terutama pada kebiasaan manusia dalam penggunaan energi pasca revolusi industri abad 19. Terutama pada penggunaan energi fosil yang berdampak pada kerusakan lingkungan. Isu lingkungan kemudian menjadi perhatian global dan menjadi salah satu prioritas bagi organisasi-organisasi internasional. Jepang menjadi salah satu negara yang terlibat dalam upaya perlindungan lingkungan internasional melalui organisasi internasional UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change). Tulisan ini menganalisa tindakan Jepang melalui organisasi intenasional dengan pendekatan teori liberalisme institusional dan konsep diplomasi lingkungan. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kontribusi Jepang dalam kebijakan perubahan iklim global, mengevaluasi strategi diplomasi lingkungan yang diterapkan dan memahami dampaknya terhadap kerjasama internasional dibawah UNFCCC. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan fokus pada pengumpulan data sekunder melalui studi literatur mendalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Jepang memainkan peran signifikan dalam mendorong agenda lingkungan global melalui UNFCCC terutama dalam hal perumusan kebijakan dan implementasi inisiatif berkelanjutan. Jepang berkontribusi secara aktif dalam negosiasi internasional, menawarkan solusi inovatif, serta memberikan dukungan finansial dan teknis kepada negara-negara berkembang. Dalam kerangka teori liberalisme institusional, peran Jepang terlihat sebagai contoh bagaimana negara dapat memanfaatkan institusi internasional untuk mencapai tujuan lingkungan dan mempromosikan kerjasama multilateral. Penelitian ini menggarisbawahi bahwa kontribusi Jepang tidak hanya memperkuat posisi negara tersebut dalam arena internasional, tetapi juga memberikan dampak positif terhadap upaya global dalam mitigasi perubahan iklim dan perlindungan lingkungan.Globalization has an impact on human life, especially on human habits in energy use after the 19th century industrial revolution. Especially the use of fossil energy which has an impact on environmental damage. Environmental issues then become a global concern and become one of the priorities for international organizations. Japan is one of the countries involved in international environmental protection efforts through the international organization UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change). This paper analyzes Japan's actions through international organizations with the approach of institutional liberalism theory and the concept of environmental diplomacy. The purpose of this study is to analyze Japan's contribution to global climate change policy, evaluate the environmental diplomacy strategy applied and understand its impact on international cooperation under the UNFCCC. The research method used is qualitative with a focus on secondary data collection through in-depth literature study. The results show that Japan plays a significant role in pushing the global environmental agenda through the UNFCCC especially in terms of policy formulation and implementation of sustainable initiatives. Japan actively contributes to international negotiations, offers innovative solutions, and provides financial and technical support to developing countries. Within the framework of institutional liberalism theory, Japan's role is seen as an example of how countries can utilize international institutions to achieve environmental goals and promote multilateral cooperation. This research underscores that Japan's contributions not only strengthen the country's position in the international arena, but also positively impact global efforts in climate change mitigation and environmental protection
Pengaruh faktor eksternal dan faktor internal perusahaan terhadap audit delay : studi kasus pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Indeks Saham Syariah Indonesia pada tahun 2013-2019
Full text linkIndeks Saham Syariah Indonesia (ISSI) merupakan salah satu indeks saham yang ada di Indonesia untuk memetakan kriteria saham syariah dalam meningkatkan kepercayaan investor guna terjun di dunia investasi berbasis syariah. Setiap perusahaan yang sudah terdaftar di Indeks Saham Syariah Indonesia (ISSI) harus melaporkan laporan keuangan yang sudah diaudit dengan tepat waktu. Dilaporkan selambat-lambatnya 90 hari setelah tanggal tutup buku atau 31 Desember. Jarak waktu antara laporan audit diterbitkan dan tanggal tutup buku disebut dengan audit delay. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi audit delay dalam penelitian ini adalah penerapan IFRS, ukuran KAP, ukuran perusahaan, profitabilitas, solvabilitas dan kompleksitas perusahaan. Penelitian ini disusun untuk menguji secara empiris pengaruh dari penerapan IFRS, ukuran KAP, ukuran perusahaan, profitabilitas, solvabilitas dan kompleksitas perusahaan terhadap audit delay. Variabel independen dalam penelitian ini adalah penerapan IFRS, ukuran KAP, ukuran perusahaan, profitabilitas, solvabilitas dan kompleksitas perusahaan. Sedangkan variabel dependen adalah audit delay. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Indeks Saham Syariah Indonesia (ISSI) pada tahun 2013-2019. Sedangkan sampel penelitian diambil dengan metode purposive sampling, sehingga terdapatlah sampel 51 perusahaan. Metode analisis yang digunakan menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan IFRS berpengaruh positif dan signifikan sedangkan kompleksitas perusahaan berpengaruh negative signifikan terhadap audit delay. Ukuran KAP dan profitabilitas berpengaruh negatif tidak signifikan, ukuran perusahaan dan solvabilitas berpengaruh positif tidak signifikan terhadap audit delay.
ABSTRACT:
Indeks Saham Syariah Indonesia (ISSI) is one of the stock indexes in Indonesia for mapping the criteria of sharia stocks to increase investor confidence to enter the world of investment based sharia.. Every company that has been registered in Indeks Saham Syariah Indonesia (ISSI) have to report annual report that has been audited in on time. Reported at the latest 90 days after book closing date or 31 December. Distance time between the audit report published and end period of accounting is audit delay. Factors that influence audit delay in this study are application of IFRS, size KAP, company size, profitability, solvability, complexity company. The study aims to examine empirically the effect of the application of IFRS, size KAP, company size, profitability, solvability, complexity company to audit delay. The independent variables in this study are application of IFRS, size KAP, company size, profitability, solvability, complexity company. While the dependent variable is audit delay. The population in this study is manufacturing companies registered in Indeks Saham Syariah Indonesia (ISSI) in 2013-2019. The research sample was taken using a purposive sampling method, obtained by 51 companies as samples. The analysis method of this study uses multiple linier regression. The result of this study indicate that application of IFRS application of IFRS had positive and significant effect. While complexity company had negative significant to audit delay. Size KAP and profitabilitas had negative not significant effect, company size and solvability had positive not significant effect to audit delay
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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