1,720,995 research outputs found
Stuudiointervjuu saates "Ringvaade". Teemad ja käsitlused.
Full text linkStudiointerviews in TV programme Ringvaade. Subjects and Approaches.
The main aim of this bachelor's thesis was to find out how does the usage of different subjects differ
from each other in the Estonian programme Ringvaade. In this bachelor's thesis the interviews of
Ringvaade that are analyzed, belong to the period of 8th November to 8th December 2010. During
this period there were 23 broadcasts of Ringvaade on air.
There are thirty subjects out of 55 being analyzed in this thesis. Ten subjects have «hard» news
characteristics, ten have promotion in them and ten of them have the characteristics of a «soft»
news. To find out if usage of these subjects have any similarities or difference Entman's four
framing functions and Hennoste journalism handbook were used in the analyze part.
It turned out that the usage of the thirty subjects did not differ from each other much. Almost all of
the subjects were presented by emphasizing on the «soft» news criteria. When emphasizing on
«soft» news characteristics many ethical boundaries (created to restrain journalism in Estonia) were
transgressed.
When talking about «hard» news interviews, then two subjects out of ten were being discussed
properly by staying within ethical bounds. Eight subjects emphasized on entertainment aspects,
these are on the criteria of a «soft» news (for example sensation, scandal, private life etc).
Promotion and «soft» news interviews did also emphasize on «soft» news characteristics. The
interviewers emphasized on the «soft» characteristics to capture viewers. By doing that they
brought out some sides of the subjects that they did not explain later on. It did not become clear
why some «soft» and promotional subjects were selected in the show, because no newsworthiness
was detected.
Infotainment bears the idea that information is being mixed with entertainment and that a «hard»
news is being mixed with a «soft» news criteria, so that people would stay in front of the television
because if some news item requires too much attention then people tend to look for something that
needs less being focused on. (McManus 1994: 170-171)
By viewing the results, it turns out that interviewers emphasize on discussing the conflict or
bringing out the conflict in «soft» or promotional subjects, not trying to find out solutions or the
conflict effects in the future. Interviewers define the conflict or the subject in the beginning of the
interview. When reaching the end of the interview, the interviewers may not have the same focus
with what they started off.
Interviewers emphasize on the emotions when they define the subject. To alert human attention
«soft» news criteria are being added to hard news subjects and while talking about «soft» or
promotional news, then «soft» news characteristics are been emphasized on.
The author suggested in the beginning of this thesis the idea, that interviewers may add
entertainment frame when talking about all the subjects selected in this thesis. By looking at the
analyze part of this thesis the author thinks that this hypothesis was correct and entertainment is
being used despite the severity of the subjects.http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b2561814~S1*es
Ajakirjanduslike töövõtete ja online-väitluse formaadi väljaarendamine Postimees.ee online-väitluse näitel
Full text linkKäesoleva magistritöö eesmärgiks oli uurida Postimees.ee veebileheküljel läbi viidava onlineväitluse
formaati ja seda mitmest aspektist. Töö annab ülevaate, mida teeb ajakirjanik onlineväitluse
juures, milline on tema professionaalne roll ning töörutiinid. Sealjuures tuleb teemaks
teiste väitlusega seotud osapoolte rollid ja nende endapoolsed määratlused ning toetumine
teoreetikute poolt pakutud definitsioonidele.
Käesoleva töö veel üheks eesmärgiks on uurida, mis saab siis, kui reaalajaline narratiiv
(väitlus) viia üle veebikeskkonda. Postimees.ee lahendus pakub auditooriumile võimalust
väitlusesse sekkuda. Sellest tõstatub veel üks töös arutusele tulev küsimus: kuidas
meediaväljaanne kasutab ära auditooriumi kaasamist ja interaktsiooni.
Uurimistulemustest selgus, et ajakirjaniku roll on formaadis suhteliselt „nähtamatu“ ja sellest
johtuvalt on väitlejad online-väitluse protsessis enese ja ajakirjaniku määratlemisel
ebakindlad. Välja tuli, et tegelikult väitlejad ei peagi ajakirjanikku vahendajana oluliseks, sest
nad ei tea, mida ajakirjanik teeb. Kuna online-väitluse korraldajameeskonnas on nii Väitlusseltsi-poolne moderaator kui ka
meediaväljaande-poolne toimetaja, siis sellest tulenevalt uuris käesoleva töö autor nende
omavahelisi rollijaotusi. Semistruktueeritud intervjuude analüüsil selgus, et meediaväljaandepoolne
toimetaja ja moderaator polnud päris selgepiiriliselt välja joonistunud, millised
tööülesanded on neil kummalgi. Küll aga oli üks kindel kokkulepe: ajakirjanik laadib
materjali üles ehk tema on jätkuvalt „väravavaht“. Töös on laiemalt kirjeldatud
meediaväljaande-poolse toimetaja ja moderaatori töörutiine.
Online-väitluse juures saab auditoorium näidata meelestatust teema suhtes, kommentaariumis
teema üle diskuteerida, pakkuda välja lugejaküsimusi, osaleda gallupis, näidata
kommentaaride ning vastuste-küsimuste suhtes meelestatust. Küll aga jäi auditoorium kogu
väitluse protsessis siiski vaid pealtvaatajaks. Meediaväljaanne pakub interaktiivsust, kuid ei
kaasa tegelikkuses auditooriumit väitlusesse ega viita oma ajakirjanduslikus sisus
auditooriumi meelsusele. Postimees.ee online-väitluse formaat on käesoleva töö uurimistulemustest lähtudes veel
veebikeskkonda sobitumas ja välja arenemas. Et online-väitluse formaati tõhusamaks muuta,
lisas käesoleva töö autor uurimistulemustest inspireeritult juurde soovituste peatüki.http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b2657407~S1*es
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Rutiinide, nõudmiste ja ressursside roll Eesti ajakirjanike tööstressis
Full text linkVäitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsiooneUurijad on teadusmaailmas ajakirjanduse kohta juba pikemat aega nentinud, et see on muutuste keerises. Ajakirjandust (nagu ka muid valdkondi) on tabanud tehnoloogilised uuendused ja proovikivid, mis on omakorda tööülesannetele mõju avaldanud. Sellele kõigele lisandub uue tõhusa ärimudeli otsimine, millega praegu meediaettevõtted silmitsi seisavad. Väitekirja eesmärk on uurida ajakirjanikke, kes kõikide nende muutuste kiuste teevad väga olulist tööd – toimetavad auditooriumini informatsiooni ühiskonnas toimuva kohta.
Doktoritöö täpsem eesmärk on uurida ajakirjanike töörutiini ja stressi, selgitada välja nõudmised ning ressursid uudise loomise protsessis ja analüüsida professionaalset tagasi- ja edasisidet ajakirjanike töös. Nii stressitekitavate kui ka töös toetavana mõjuvate tegurite väljaselgitamiseks ja analüüsiks kasutan töö nõudmiste-ressursside (job demands-resources) teooriat.
Kasutasin töös nii kvantitatiivseid kui ka kvalitatiivseid meetodeid, mis andsid mulle ühtviisi nii andmeid laiema konteksti kohta kui ka detailset materjali ajakirjaniku töö, stressi, nõudmiste ja ressursside kohta.
Töös tuli välja, et muutuste ja uute nõudmiste tõttu pole minu valimite ajakirjanikel veel tõhusaid rutiine välja kujunenud. Tõhusad rutiinid tähendavad seda, et ajakirjanikud suudavad kiiresti opereerida mitmete meediumide vahel, vältides negatiivset stressi või vähemalt selle kuhjumist. Ühtlasi tunnetasid ajakirjanikud mitmekülgseid tehnoloogilisi oskusi positiivsete omadustena ja intervjuudes nenditi, et ka toimetustes peetakse neid olulisteks. See viis aga ka tõsiasjani, et eri vanuses ja kogemusega inimestel tekib stress erinevatest nüanssidest: noortel pigem sellest, et töötatakse eri meediumidega ja seetõttu tehakse rohkem tööd; vanematel pigem sellest, et kohati võib oskuste vähesus või mitte nii tõhus ja kiire reaktsioon eri meediumides tekitada tööl jätkamise suhtes ebakindlust.
Professionaalset edasi- ja tagasisidet, mida peavad töö nõudmiste-ressursside teooria autorid üheks oluliseks toetavaks teguriks tööl, said ajakirjanikud minu uuringutes väga vähe. Klõpsustatistika on küll tagasiside tehtud tööle, ent ei sisalda endas piisavalt informatsiooni, millest ajakirjanik võiks õppida, et ennast professionaalselt arendada.The aim of this doctoral dissertation is to analyze and map out job demands and resources, routines and stress in the news production process of Estonian journalists. Another aspect that is investigated in this dissertation is professional feedback and feedforward. To investigate aspects that support or cause stress among journalists, job demands-resources theory is being implemented.
Different researchers in journalism studies have said that journalism is in a state of flux for a quite some time now. Technological changes have had influence on job demands and tasks in journalism (and other areas as well). Another topic of discussion in journalism is the collapse of old business model and the search of a new one. Journalists have to carry out an important task of distributing valid information about societal processes despite these changes.
I used quantitative and qualitative methods in my dissertation, which provided me both general information as well as more detailed insight into journalists' job, stress, demands and resources.
Due to the changes in newsrooms, journalists lacked efficient routines. Efficient routines mean that journalists are capable of operating between different mediums with ease, while also taking into account the different demands of mediums, but all in all avoiding distress or accumulation of it.
Journalists in newsrooms admitted that diverse technological skills are resources. This also led to another finding that journalists with different age and experience face different kinds of stressors and demands: younger less experienced journalists operate on different mediums and face distress because of the workload; older more experienced journalists lack efficient technological skills, which in turn could cause job insecurity.
Job demand-resource theory brings out feedback as a very important resource that helps the worker to adapt to changes and develop professionally. My studies indicated a lack of professional feedback and feedforward in the newsrooms. Web-statistics could be taken as feedback, but this kind of feedback lacks information that the journalists could use for learning and developing professionally
Communication between editors and reporters: Feedback and coaching in Estonian dailies’ newsrooms
Full text linkVariations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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