28 research outputs found
ANALISIS KANDUNGAN KAFEIN PADA EKSTRAK BUAH KOPI MENTAH DARI PERKEBUNAN MERAPI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA MENGGUNAKAN SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-VIS
No full textANALISIS KANDUNGAN KAFEIN PADA EKSTRAK BUAH KOPI MENTAH DARI PERKEBUNAN MERAPI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA MENGGUNAKAN SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-VIS Isnindar1), Subagus Wahyuono2), Sitarina Widyarini3), Yuswanto2) 1)Fakultas Kedokteran, Prodi Farmasi, Universitas Tanjungpura 2)Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Gadjah Mada 3)Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Gadjah Mada ABSTRACT Coffee is one of the plantation species that has long been cultivated and has a fairly high economic value. The main compound in coffee beans is caffein. This compound affects the central nervous system, muscles and kidneys. The purpose of this research was to determine the content of caffeine in unripe coffee berries extract crude chloroform using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Chloroform extract was obtained from maceration using chloroform. Caffeine content was analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometer method. The maximum wavelength measured was 273 nm. Levels of caffeine in chloroform extract of raw coffee fruit was 838 939 ± 1.6103. Keywords: caffeine, coffee, UV-Vis spectrophotometry ABSTRAK Kopi merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman perkebunan yang sudah lama dibudidayakan dan memiliki nilai ekonomis yang cukup tinggi. Senyawa dominan didalam buah kopi adalah kafein. Senyawa ini mempengaruhi sistem syaraf pusat, otot, dan ginjal. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui kandungan kafein dalam ekstrak klororform buah kopi mentah dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Ekstrak kloroform diperoleh dari metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut kloroform. Metode analisis kadar kafein menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Panjang gelombang maksimum yang diperoleh 273 nm. Kandungan kafein dalam ekstrak kloroform buah kopi mentah adalah 838.939±1.6103.  Kata kunci : kafein, kopi, spektrofotometri UV-Vis  Â
Synergism of Antioxidant Activity Combination of Buas-Buas (Premnaserratifolia Linn.), Meniran (Phyllanthusniruri L.), Secang (Caesalpiniasappan) and Roselle (Hibiscus sabdarifa) Extracts
No full textBuas-buas, meniran, secang, and rosella have biological and pharmacological activities as antioxidants. The combination of the four plants is expected to provide a more potent synergistic effect on antioxidant activity. The purpose of this study was to analyze the total phenol content, total flavonoids, and antioxidant effects before and after combination. The combination of extracts, buas-buas, meniran, secang, and rosella which are used in sequence is (1: 1: 1/2: 1/2), (1: 2: 1/2: 1/2), and (2: 1 : 1/2: 1/2). Plants used in the form of simplicia was extracted by maceration method. Radical capture activity uses DPPH and IC50 values are determined. Determination of total phenol is expressed equivalent to gallic acid. Total flavonoids are expressed as quercetin equivalents. The phenol and flavonoid content obtained are then correlated with antiradical activity. The results showed that the best IC50 values were in the combination of ratios (1: 1: 1/2: 1/2) that is (11.0 µg / mL), then (1: 2: 1/2: 1/2) which was 13.3 µg / mL, and (2: 1: 1/2: 1/2) which is 19.4 µg / mL. The highest total phenolic and flavonoid content in the ratio (1: 2: 1/2: 1/2) is 33.57% w/w EAG and 74.00% w/w EQ. Correlation analysis between IC50 values with total phenolic and flavonoid contents showed a positive correlation with R2 values of 0.8236 and 0.0102 with positive slope. Thus, it can be concluded that the total phenol content influences free radical scavenging activity by 82.36%, while the effect of total flavonoid content was only 1.02%
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DAUN BAWANG MEKAH (Eleutherine americana Merr.) DENGAN METODE DPPH (2,2-DIFENIL-1-PIKRILHIDRAZIL)
No full textUse and demand of traditional medicinal plants currently growing in the direction that research in traditional medicines have also increased. One of the plants that is efficacious as a medicine is bawang mekah (Eleutherine americana Merr.). This plant is usually used by people as a traditional medicine to treat various diseases. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of bawang mekah leaves. Antioxidant activity assays performed using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) that begins with the extraction by maceration. Dry leaves of bawang mekah (150 g) was soaked with ethanol 70% for 3x24 hours at room temperature. The liquid extract obtained is evaporated by rotary evaporator and waterbath till viscous extracts is obtained. Then to extract performed phytochemical screening and preliminary test with DPPH method by thin layer chromatography (TLC) with a mobile phase BAA (4:1:5). The antioxidant activity was measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and compared with vitamin C. The results of the phytochemical screening showed the extract contains flavonoids, saponins, phenols and tannins. In preliminary tests using KLT, gained 3 spots visualized with UV light 366 nm and sprayed with 0.2% DPPH. Third spot showed changes color to yellow with purple background that indicating the extract positive has antioxidant activity. The results of spectrophotometric measurements showed that the extract has the IC50 at 31.97437 ug/ml, whereas vitamin C had a lower IC50 value (3.90186 ug/ml).Penggunaan dan permintaan terhadap tanaman obat tradisional saat ini semakin bertambah sehingga penelitian ke arah obat-obatan tradisional juga semakin meningkat. Salah satu tanaman yang berkhasiat sebagai obat yaitu bawang mekah (Eleutherine americana Merr.). Tanaman ini biasanya digunakan oleh masyarakat sebagai obat tradisional untuk mengobati berbagai penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan dari daun bawang mekah. Pengujian aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil) yang diawali dengan ekstraksi secara maserasi. Simplisia daun bawang mekah (150 g) direndam dengan etanol 70% selama 3x24 jam pada suhu kamar. Ekstrak etanol cair yang diperoleh diuapkan dengan rotary evaporator dan dipekatkan menggunakan waterbath sehingga diperoleh ekstrak kental. Kemudian terhadap ekstrak dilakukan skrining fitokimia serta uji pendahuluan dengan metode DPPH secara kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) dengan fase gerak BAA (4:1:5). Aktivitas antioksidan diukur menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis dan dibandingkan dengan vitamin C. Hasil skrining fitokimia menunjukkan ekstrak mengandung senyawa flavonoid, saponin, fenol dan tanin. Pada uji pendahuluan menggunakan KLT, diperoleh 3 spot yang divisualisasi dengan sinar UV 366 nm dan disemprot dengan DPPH 0,2%. Ketiga spot menunjukkan perubahan warna kuning dengan latar belakang ungu yang menandakan ekstrak positif memiliki aktivitas antioksidan. Hasil pengukuran secara spektrofotometri menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak mempunyai IC50 pada 31,97437 µg/ml, sedangkan vitamin C memiliki nilai IC50 yang lebih rendah (3,90186 µg/ml)
ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA ANTIOKSIDAN DAUN KESEMEK (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) DENGAN METODEDPPH (2,2-DIFENIL-1-PIKRILHIDRAZIL)
No full textAntioxidant is a substance which in small concentrations can significantly inhibit or prevent the oxidation of the substrate. One plant is efficacious as an antioxidant is the persimmon (Diospyros kakiThunb.) where is cultivated widely in East Asia, Spain and Indonesia. In the search for natural antioxidant compounds, have been studied isolation and identification of antioxidant compound of persimmon leaves (DiospyroskakiThunb.) using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-pikrilhidrazil) method. The extraction of persimmon leaves was carried out by maceration method with wasbenzen. Extracts obtained by evaporating the solvent wasbenzenon a rotary evaporator and were then re-macerated with methanol. Antioxidant activity of extracts was evaluated with DPPH 0.2% method. Active extract was partitioned with chloroform, methanol, distilled water and tested for antioxidant activity by DPPH 0.2% method. The active compound was purified byPTLC and the purified active isolates was then confirmed by TLC. The antioxidant activity (IC50) active isolates were analyzed using spectrophotometry. Analysisof active isolates resulted the antioxidant activity (IC50) of 100.00 ug / ml. UV-Vis spectrum of the active isolates showed absorption at λmax 285 and 401 nm. Infrared spectra (KBR) showed absorption at 3446 cm-1 (OH), 2926 cm-1 (CHaliphatic), 1456 cm-1 (CH2), 1384 cm-1 (CH3), 1255 cm-1, and 1115 cm-1 (C-0-C), 1631 cm-1 (C=Caromatic). GC-MS spectra gave two peaks with retention time 11.408 minutes with a similarity index of 79.243% with the molecular ion (M•)+ appeared at m/z 178, 163, 147. These spectra are expected to be methyl eugenol. Furthermore, the peak with retention time 12.982 minutes with a similarity index of 20.757%, producing a mass spectrum with molecular ion peaks (M•)+appeared at m/z 192, 177, 161. These spectra are expected to be myristicin compound.Antioksidan merupakan suatu substansi yang pada konsentrasi kecil secara signifikan mampu menghambat atau mencegah oksidasi pada substrat. Salah satu tumbuhan yang berkhasiat sebagai antioksidan adalah kesemek (Diospyros kakiThunb.) yang banyak dibudidayakan di AsiaTimur, Spanyol dan Indonesia. Dalam usaha pencarian senyawa antioksidan alami, telah dilakukan penelitianisolasi dan identifikasi senyawa antioksidan daun kesemek (diospyros kakiThunb.) dengan metode DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil). Penyarian daun kesemek dilakukan secara maserasi dengan wasbenzen. Ekstrak didapat dengan menguapkan pelarut wasbenzen dengan rotavapor. Dengan cara yang sama residu dimaserasi kembali dengan metanol sehingga didapat ekstrak metanol. Ekstrak ini diuji aktivitas antioksidannya dengan metode DPPH 0,2%. Ekstrak aktif dipartisi dengan kloroform, metanol, air dan diuji aktivitas antioksidannya dengan metode DPPH 0,2%. Hasil partisi aktif di KLTP dan diperoleh isolat aktif yang kemurniannya diuji secara KLT. Aktivitas antioksidan (IC50) isolat aktif dianalisis menggunakan spektrofotometri. Hasil analisis aktivitas antioksidan (IC50)isolat aktif sebesar100,00 µg/ml. Spektrum UV-Vis isolat aktif menunjukan serapan λmax 285 dan 401 nm. Spektrum inframerah (KBr) menampakkan serapan pada3446 cm-1 (OH), 2926 cm-1(CHalifatik), 1456 cm-1 (CH2), 1384 cm-1 (CH3) , 1255 cm-1, dan 1115 cm-1 (C-0-C), 1631 cm-1 (C=Caromatik). Spektra GC-MS memberikan 2 puncak dengan waktu retensi 11,408 menit dengan indeks kemiripan sebesar 79,243% dengan puncak ion molekul (M•)+ muncul pada m/z 178,163, 147. Spektra ini diperkirakan methyl eugenol. Puncak dengan waktu retensi 12,982 menit dengan indeks kemiripan sebesar 20,757% menghasilkan spektrum massa dengan puncak ion molekul (M•)+ muncul pada m/z 192,177, 161. Spektra ini diperkirakan senyawa myristicin
DETERMINATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF BUAS-BUAS LEAVES (Premna serratifolia L.) USING DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) METHOD
No full textAntioxidant is a substance that in small concentrations can significantly inhibit or prevent oxidation on the substrate. Buas-buas (Premna serratifolia L.) is one of the plants that have antioxidant effect. The antioxidant activities of the wasbenzen and ethanol extracts of buas-buas leaves were determined by DPPH method using spectrophotometer UV-Vis. Data resulted from the analysis of antioxidant activity (IC50) is 532.24 μg/mL of wasbenzen extract, 24.40 μg/mL of ethanol extract, and 1.83 μg/mL of vitamin C
Formulasi Serbuk Instan Ekstrak Pegagan (Centella asiatica) dan Jahe Merah (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe Var. Rubrum)
No full textGotu Kola and red ginger combination in form of instant powders is still limited. Instant powders usage as healthy drink have several advantages, such as large surface area that leads to freely soluble and dispersed. Fillers is crucial in instant powder formulation because it can affects physical properties of instant powders. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of maltodextrin and lactose as fillers and the finest formula on physical properties. Gotu kola and red ginger instant powders were made in 3 formula with various concentrations of maltodextrin and lactose, namely F1 (8:2), F2 (5:5), F3 (2:8). Instant powders evaluation included organoleptic test, tapped test, soluble time, water content, and pH test. Data is analyzed by using normality shapiro wilk test, kruskal wallis, and mann whitney test. Results showed that F1, F2, F3 have yellow colored, ginger scented, and mildly sweet, tapped test (15,89;14,00;13,33%) soluble time (6,07;4,06;4,39), water content (2,76;1,80;1,18%) dan pH test (6,22;6,24;6,19) the results of the analysis of the data obtained showed significant differences in the soluble time and water content tests. Conclusion of this study is various concentration of maltodextrin and lactose showed significance difference towards instant powder physical properties, spesifically onsoluble time and water content, formula resulting instant powders with finest physical properties is formula 2
Formulasi minuman serbuk instan kombinasi jahe (Zingiber officinale Rosc) dan kunyit (Curcuma domestica Val.) dengan variasi gula pasir dan gula merah
No full textJahe (Zingiber officinale Rosc) dan kunyit (Curcuma domestica Val.) merupakan jenis tanaman herbal yang sangat bermanfaat bagi kesehatan. Pengembangan minuman fungsional jahe dan kunyit agar lebih praktis dapat dikemas dalam bentuk serbuk instan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik sifat fisik dan tingkat kesukaan masyarakat pada minuman serbuk instan kombinasi rimpang jahe dan kunyit dengan penggunaan gula pasir (F1) dan variasi gula pasir dengan gula merah 3:1 (F2). Minuman serbuk instan dibuat menggunakan metode kristalisasi gula. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penggunaan gula pasir dan variasi gula pasir dengan gula merah pada F1 dan F2 mempengaruhi karakteristik sifat fisik minuman serbuk instan dengan nilai pH, kadar air, indeks pengetapan, waktu alir dan sudut diam pada F1 masing-masing sebesar 6,52; 0,39%; 12,37%; 14,27 g/detik; dan 28,3?, sedangkan pada F2 masing-masing sebesar 6,12; 1,61%; 5,27%; 8,93 g/detik; dan 31,25?. Tingkat kesukaan masyarakat terhadap F1 dan F2 menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan pada warna dan aroma, namun tidak berbeda signifikan pada rasa
Terpenoid dari Fraksi n-Heksan dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Daun Singkil (Premna serratifolia Linn)
No full textSingkil (Premna serratifolia Linn.) is a plant that has a distinctive aroma and is edible. The monoterpene and sesquiterpene content found in the singkil plant has the potential to be an active substance with medicinal benefits. This research aims to isolate, identify and test the antioxidant activity of terpenoid compounds in the n-hexane fraction of singkil leaves using the GC-MS method. Singkil leaves were extracted by maceration with 96% ethanol solvent and then liquid-liquid fractionated using n-hexane and ethyl acetate solvents. Hexane obtained from singkil leaves was isolated via column chromatography using a gradient mobile phase of n-hexane and ethyl acetate and tested for antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. The isolates obtained were identified as 20 compounds, among these compounds were 12 compounds belonging to the terpenoid group, including 2-Nonanol, 2,4-heptadienal Terpenoid, 3- Ethyl-Santolina Triene, 2,4-Decadienal, Nonyl-Cetene, 2 ,4,6-Trimethyl-1-heptadecene, 3- Tetramethyl-2-Hexadecen-1-ol, 1-Docosene, 13-tetradecen-11-yn-1-ol, and Cyclohexane. The antioxidant test results showed that the n-Hexane fraction had a % inhibition value of 53.078%
Formulasi Granul Ekstrak Etanol Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) dengan Kombinasi Bahan Pengisi Avicel PH 101 dan Laktosa
No full textMeniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) merupakan tumbuhan yang mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder salah satunya senyawa flavonoid yang dapat memberikan aktivitas antidiabetes. Pengembangan sediaan dari ekstrak meniran dalam bentuk granul dipilih karena lebih stabil jika disimpan dalam jangka waktu yang lama. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui karakteristik fisik granul ekstrak meniran dengan kombinasi bahan pengisi avicel PH 101 dan laktosa. Granul ekstrak meniran dibuat dengan perbandingan konsentrasi bahan pengisi avicel PH 101 dan laktosa yaitu 8 : 2 menggunakan metode granulasi basah. Evaluasi sediaan yang dilakukan meliputi uji organoleptik, waktu alir, sudut diam, kadar air, indeks pengetapan. Hasil uji didapatkan formula granul ekstrak meniran memiliki bentuk granul yang seragam, berwarna hijau tua, tidak berbau dan memiliki rasa yang pahit. Waktu alir dan sudut diam yang dihasilkan sebesar (1,59 s, 26,57o), hasil uji kadar air 2,14% dan hasil indeks pengetapan 14%. Penelitian menunjukan kombinasi avicel PH 101 dan laktosa sebagai bahan pengisi dapat menghasilkan granul dengan karakteristik fisik yang baik. Kata kunci : Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.), Granul, Avicel PH 101, Laktosa. ABSTRACT Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) is a plant that contains secondary metabolites, one of them is a flavonoid compound that can provide antidiabetic activity. The development of the meniran extract in the form of granules is chosen because it is more stable if it is stored for a long time. The aim of this study was to determine the physical characteristics of the meniran extract granules with a combination of avicel PH 101 and lactose as a filler. Meniran extract granules were prepared in 1 formula with comparing concentrations of fillers avicel PH 101 and lactose by 8 : 2 and using the wet granulation method. The evaluation of preparations carried out included organoleptic tests, flow time, angle of repose, moisture content, tapping index. It was found that granules formula had a uniform granule shape, dark green in color, odorless, and had a bitter taste. Flow time and angle of repose for formula is (1.59 s, 26.57°), moisture content test is (2.14%) and the results of the tapping index is (14%). The conclusion of this study showed that combination of avicel PH 101 and lactose as a filler material can produce granules with good physicial characteristics. Keyword : Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.), Granules, Avicel PH 101, Lactose
Pengaruh Lama Pemanasan terhadap Kadar Air Serbuk Instant Kombinasi Ekstrak Air Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L) dan Jahe (Zingiber officinale Roscoe.)
No full textMeniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) dan Jahe (Zingiber officinale Roscoe.) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang sering digunakan sebagai minuman fungsional. Salah satu bentuk praktis pengolahan tanaman tersebut yatu dibuat dalam bentuk serbuk instan. Metode pembuatan serbuk instan dipengaruhi oleh beberapa hal salah satunya lama pemanasan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama pemanasan terhadap kadar air serbuk. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kristalisasi yang kemudian diuji kadar airnya. Hasil penelitian dianalisis statistik menggunakan program SPSS. Hasil: Formula 2 dan 3 memenuhi persyaratan kadar air dengan nilai rata – rata 1,00% dan 0,36% sedangkan Formula 1 tidak memenuhi persyaratan kadar air dengan nilai rata-rata 3,61%
