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Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Biologi Berbasis Model Kooperatif Tipe NHT dengan Pendekatan CTL pada Materi Sistem Pencernaan makanan untuk Kelas XI SMA
Full text linkABSTRAK
Isnada. 2012. Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Biologi Berbasis Model Kooperatif Tipe NHT dengan Pendekatan CTL pada Materi Sistem Pencernaan makanan untuk Kelas XI SMA (dibimbing oleh Hamzah Upu dan Andi Asmawati Azis).
Penelitian ini digolongkan sebagai jenis Penelitian Pengembangan yang difokuskan untuk mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran kooperatif tipe NHT (Numbered Heads Together) dengan pendekatan CTL (Contextual Teaching and Learning). Model pengembangan perangkat yang digunakan mengacu pada 4D (Define, Design, Develop, dan Disseminate) dari Thiagarajan (1974). Proses pengembangan pada tahap define dan design menghasilkan prototype 1 perangkat pembelajaran (RPP, buku siswa dan LKS). Pengembangan pada tahap develop, melakukan proses validasi yang menghasilkan prototype 2 yang valid. Pada fase uji coba perangkat menghasilkan perangkat yang praktis dan efektif, dan untuk lebih mengoptimalkan perangkat yang telah ada maka melakukan revisi kecil yang menghasilkan prototype 3. Pengembangan pada tahap disseminate, merupakan fase penyebaran perangkat yang telah ada, hasil dari tahap disseminate adalah prototype final.
Berdasarkan hasil uji coba dilapangan menunjukkan bahwa perangkat pembelajaran NHT dengan pendekatan CTL memenuhi kriteria efektif dengan indikator (1) hasil belajar memenuhi kriteria ketuntasan minimal yaitu 68 sehingga ketuntasan klasikal juga tercapai, (2) aktivitas guru dan siswa berada pada kategori terlaksana seluruhnya, (3) kemampuan guru mengelola pembelajaran berada pada kategori tinggi dan (4) respon siswa memenuhi dan berada pada kategori positif. Berdasarkan penilaian ahli dan hasil uji coba menunjukkan bahwa perangkat pembelajaran kooperatif tipe NHT dengan pendekatan CTL memenuhi kriteria kevalidan, kepraktisan dan keefektivan.
ABSTRACT
ISNADA. 2012. Development of Biology Learning Tools of Cooperative-Based Model of NHT Type with CTL Approach on Digestive System Subject to Grade XI of senior High School ( supervised by Hamzah Upu and Andi Asmawati Azis)
This study is research and development which focuses on the development of cooperative learning tools of Numbered Heads Together (NHT) type with contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) approach. The model used is referred to 4D (defining, design, development and dissemination) by Thiagarajan (1974). The development process on the dfining and design stages produced prototype 1 (lesson plan, students book and workbook). The development on the development stage was a validation process which produced a valid prototype 2. On tryout phase, the tools produced practical and effective tools and optimize the existing tools, revision was conducted to produce prototype 3. The development in dessimination stage was a disseminating phase of existing tools. The result of the dissemination stage was the final prototype.
The result reveals that NHT learning tools with CTL approach has met effective criteria with indicators (1) the result of learning has met the minimum completeness criteria 68, that the classical completeness is also achieved, (2) teacher and students activities are in the category of completely conducted, (3) teacher’s competence in managing the learning is in high category, and (4) students response has met the criteria and is in positive category. Based on the examination of the experts and the result of the test indicate that the cooperative learning tools of NHT type with CTL approach has met the criteria of validity, practical, and effective
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN REINFORCEMENT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR BIOLOGI SISWA SMPN 1 BONGGAKARADENG TANA TORAJA PADA MATERI BERBAGAI SISTEM DALAM KEHIDUPAN MANUSIA
Full text linkThis study aimed to determine students' learning outcome biology using model Reinforcement. This study is classified as a type of quasi-experimental study aimed to look at the effect of reinforcement in improving student learning outcomes in the subject of Biology subjects understand the different systems in the human life. Quasi-experimental research methods using models contol nonequivalent group design. Based on the results of research in the field, shows that the administration of reinforcement (reinforcement) can significantly improve student learning outcomes of the acquisition value of the average (mean) of 47.17 pretest and post-test gain of 86.33
TIPE PEMBELAJARAN AKTIF DALAM MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA
Full text linkLemahnya penelitian ini adalah lemahnya keaktifan dan prestasi belajar siswa kelas XI IPA 1 SMAN 12 Makassar disebabkan karena selama ini Model pembelajaran yang sering dipakai masih menggunkan metode klasikal (ceramah). Hal ini berdampak pada keengganan siswa untuk berperan aktif dalam pembelajaran sehingga menimbulkan lemahnya keaktifan dan prestasi belajar siswa. Dalam penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menerapkan Model Pembelajaran Aktif untuk meningkatkan keaktifan dan prestasi belajar siswa kelas XI dalam pembelajaran Biologi di SMAN 12 Makassar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan secara kolaboratif antara guru dan peneliti, dan yang menjadi subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas XI IPA 1 SMAN 12 Makassar yang berjumlah 37 siswa. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan lembar observasi keaktifan, dokumentasi, catatan tes lapangan dan hasil belajar siswa. Adapun teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif kualitatif, yaitu menggambarkan data dengan menggunakan kalimat untuk memperoleh keterangan yang jelas dan terperinci. Penerapan tipe pembelajaran aktif di SMAN 12 Makassar dari siklus I ke siklus II, yaitu dari 29,72% dan meningkat secara signifikan menjadi 100%
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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