170,092 research outputs found
Digital Gang Masters: the Uber Italy Srl Case :The Uber Italy Srl case
No full textDigital platforms claim to have introduced profound disruptions in the way work is organized today, by providing the public with a new range of digital services, from food delivery to house fixing jobs. For years these new business model have drawn the attention of scholars, Courts and regulators, trying to re-adjust and re-discuss the issue of subordination, workers’ rights and protections. The present contribution expands on previous literature by highlighting an unprecedented profile of platform work: exploitation and caporalato (hiring of workers by an illegal intermediate). Thanks to the work undertaken by the Procura of Milan and the decision held by the Tribunal of Milan in the Uber Italy Srl case, for the first time, platforms have been unveiled in their articulation and the intricate system of subcontracting, which ultimately leads to work exploitation and caporalato. The article illustrates how firms of the Uber “galaxy” organized work through the exploitation of migrant workers by creating a system of fear, made of threats, pay and fees deductions, illegal tax arrangements. The article proposes a reflection on the pressing importance of the themes of work exploitation around digital work and physical work through platforms, analyzing as well which initiatives have been promoted at national and regional level, involving both employers and workers’ representatives, and the State intervention for the prevention of work exploitation and illicit intermediation.</p
Regolamentare il lavoro agricolo e il mercato del lavoro per prevenire lo sfruttamento: la prospettiva italiana
Get PDFThe paper tries to answer to the question of how to promote a preventive approach to labour exploitation and, consequently, the necessary steps to facilitate a multi-dimensional regulatory system. We begin by offering a literature review on the topic of the regulation of agricultural work, from a multidimensional perspective, outlining global regulatory challenges and specific contextual responses. Next, we provide a brief insight into recruitment mechanisms within the farm industry and its effects on farm workers. We look at the role of the public services and private intermediaries, while also briefly highlighting main structural and critical aspects of Italian’s job placement services. In this scenario, technological solutions have been promoted to facilitate the matching of job supply and demand. The key issue concerns the following: are these services and measures able to encourage the interaction between employer and employee and respond to the recent demand for a skilled, trained and regular workforce? Although the scope of this question is too wide to address in a single essay, evidence from our research suggests that they are necessary but non-sufficient. We will then analyze and critically evaluate several regulatory instruments, from aspects of collective regulation and representation of workers to institutional instruments put in place to enhance self-regulatory practices (the so-called Rete del Lavoro Agricolo di Qualità and Regional approaches to incentivize labour law compliance and responsible business operations) and the experience of voluntary approaches in the absence of institutional support. In conclusion, we draw from the analysis and the critical reflection to suggest possible regulatory solutions and intervention and to develop guidelines for policy makers and labour scholars. In particular, we support the idea of a necessary integrated and multidimensional regulatory approach, to combine labour law regulation and repressive measures with a system of shared governance and increased businesses participation, alongside with the need to create local regulatory forums and enhance social dialogue.El presente articulo aborda la cuestión de la promoción de un sistema de prevención de la explotación laboral, cuestionando los pasos necesarios para el desarrollo de un sistema de regulación multidimensional.
En primer lugar, la contribución ofrece una visión general de la literatura sobre el tema de la regulación del trabajo agrícola desde una perspectiva multidimensional, esbozando tanto los desafíos globales como las respuestas locales específicas. En segundo lugar, se ofrece un breve enfoque sobre los mecanismos de contratación en el mercado laboral agrícola y los efectos producidos en los trabajadores. En particular, se examina el papel fundamental de los servicios públicos y de los intermediarios privados, y también destacamos los aspectos estructurales y los puntos críticos del sistema italiano de servicios de empleo. Sobre este tema in particular, la contribución se centra en el análisis de soluciones tecnológicas innovadoras para mejorar el mecanismo de adecuación de la oferta y la demanda de trabajo. La pregunta clave es: ¿son estos servicios capaces de fomentar la interacción entre empresarios y trabajadores y de responder a la creciente demanda de mano de obra regular, especializada y formada?
Los resultados de nuestra investigación sugieren que estos sistemas son necesarios pero no suficientes. En este sentido, el análisis se amplía a la evaluación crítica de diversos mecanismos de regulación, desde una perspectiva multidimensional que incluye las herramientas proporcionadas por la negociación colectiva y la representación de los trabajadores, los instrumentos institucionales y las prácticas de autorregulación (la llamada Red de Trabajo Agrícola de Calidad y los instrumentos regionales para la promoción del respeto de los derechos laborales y el emprendimiento responsable). También se tienen en cuenta algunas experiencias puramente voluntarias que se han desarrollado en ausencia de apoyo institucional.
En conclusión, nos basamos en el análisis y la reflexión crítica para sugerir las posibles soluciones normativas y la intervención, para desarrollar directrices para los responsables políticos y los estudiosos del trabajo interesados en el tema. En particular, apoyamos la idea de un necesario enfoque regulador integrado y multidimensional, que combine la regulación del derecho laboral y las medidas represivas con un sistema de gobernanza compartida y una mayor participación de las asociaciones profesionales, junto con la necesidad de crear foros reguladores locales y potenciar el diálogo social.
Il presente contributo affronta il tema della promozione di un sistema di prevenzione del fenomeno dello sfruttamento lavorativo, interrogandosi su quali siano i passaggi necessari per favorire lo sviluppo di un sistema regolatorio multidimensionale. In apertura il contributo offre una panoramica della letteratura sul tema della regolazione del lavoro agricolo in ottica multidimensionale, andando a delineare sia le sfide a livello globale, sia le specifiche risposte locali. Successivamente, si offre un breve focus sui meccanismi di reclutamento nel mercato del lavoro agricolo e sugli effetti prodotti sui lavoratori: in particolare, si guarda al ruolo fondamentale dei servizi pubblici e degli intermediari privati, evidenziando altresì gli aspetti strutturali e le criticità del sistema italiano dei servizi di collocamento. Sul tema, il contributo si concentra inoltre sull’analisi delle soluzioni tecnologiche innovative per il miglioramento del meccanismo di incontro tra domanda e offerta di lavoro. La domanda chiave è la seguente: tali servizi sono capaci di incoraggiare l’interazione tra datori di lavoro e lavoratori e rispondere alla crescente domanda di manodopera regolare, specializzata e formata? Benché la portata di questa domanda sia troppo estesa per poter essere analizzata compiutamente in un solo articolo, i risultati delle nostre ricerche suggeriscono che tali sistemi sono necessari ma non sufficienti. In quest’ottica, l’analisi si allarga ad una valutazione critica di più meccanismi di regolazione, in ottica multidimensionale: dagli strumenti forniti dalla contrattazione collettiva e la rappresentanza dei lavoratori, agli strumenti istituzionali e le pratiche di auto-regolazione (la cosiddetta Rete del lavoro agricolo di qualità e gli strumenti regionali per la promozione del rispetto dei diritti del lavoro e l’imprenditoria responsabile), tenendo conto altresì di talune esperienze di stampo meramente volontario, sviluppatesi in assenza di supporto istituzionale.
In conclusione, si propongono soluzioni regolatorie e interventi al fine di proporre linee guida per policy makers. In particolare, il presente contributo sostiene la necessità dell’adozione di un approccio regolatorio integrato e multidimensionale, che sappia combinare gli strumenti di tutela forniti dal diritto del lavoro e dall’utilizzo dell’apparato repressivo con un sistema di governance condivisa che preveda una più ampia partecipazione delle associazioni di categoria ai processi regolatori per il contrasto allo sfruttamento lavorativo, affiancato dalla creazione di centri di regolazione locali e dalla promozione del dialogo sociale
Existence and stability of weak solutions of the Vlasov-Poisson system in localised Yudovich spaces
Get PDFWe consider the Vlasov-Poisson system both in the repulsive (electrostatic potential) and in the attractive (gravitational potential) cases. Our first main theorem yields the analog for the Vlasov-Poisson system of Yudovich’s celebrated well-posedness theorem for the Euler equations: we prove the uniqueness and the quantitative stability of Lagrangian solutions f = f ( t , x , v ) whose associated spatial density ρ f = ρ f ( t , x ) is potentially unbounded but belongs to suitable uniformly-localised Yudovich spaces. This requirement imposes a condition of slow growth on the function p ↦ ‖ ρ f ( t , ⋅ ) ‖ L p uniformly in time. Previous works by Loeper, Miot and Holding-Miot have addressed the cases of bounded spatial density, i.e. ‖ ρ f ( t , ⋅ ) ‖ L p ≲ 1 , and spatial density such that ‖ ρ f ( t , ⋅ ) ‖ L p ∼ p 1 / α for α ∈ [ 1 , + ∞ ) . Our approach is Lagrangian and relies on an explicit estimate of the modulus of continuity of the electric field and on a second-order Osgood lemma. It also allows for iterated-logarithmic perturbations of the linear growth condition. In our second main theorem, we complement the aforementioned result by constructing solutions whose spatial density sharply satisfies such iterated-logarithmic growth. Our approach relies on real-variable techniques and extends the strategy developed for the Euler equations by the first and fourth-named authors. It also allows for the treatment of more general equations that share the same structure as the Vlasov-Poisson system. Notably, the uniqueness result and the stability estimates hold for both the classical and the relativistic Vlasov-Poisson systems
A Highly Linear, Low Noise Continuous-Time Programmable Balancing Filter Used in ADSL Applications for Analog Echo Cancelling
No full textGoing Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Mitomycin C in highly myopic eyes - Author reply
No full textOphthalmology. 2005 Feb;112(2):208-18; discussion 219.
Mitomycin C modulation of corneal wound healing after photorefractive keratectomy in highly myopic eyes.
Gambato C, Ghirlando A, Moretto E, Busato F, Midena E.
SourceRefractive Surgery Service and Antimetabolite Therapy Research Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of topical mitomycin C in corneal wound healing (CWH) after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in highly myopic eyes.
DESIGN: Prospective, double-masked, randomized clinical trial.
PARTICIPANTS: Seventy-two eyes of 36 patients affected by high (>7 diopters) myopia.
METHODS: In each patient, one eye was randomly assigned to PRK with intraoperative topical 0.02% mitomycin C application, and the fellow eye was treated with a placebo. Postoperatively, mitomycin C-treated eyes received artificial tears (3 times daily, tapered in 3 months), whereas the fellow eye was treated with fluorometholone sodium 2% and artificial tears (3 times daily, tapered in 3 months).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity, manifest refraction, and biomicroscopy. Contrast sensitivity was determined using the Pelli-Robson chart. Corneal confocal microscopy documented CWH.
RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 18 months (range, 12-36). No side effects or toxic effects were documented. At 12-month follow-up examination, UCVAs (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) were 0.4+/-0.48 and 0.5+/-0.53 (P = .03) in mitomycin C-treated eyes and corticosteroid-treated eyes, respectively. At 1 year, corneal haze developed in 20% of corticosteroid-treated eyes, versus 0% of mitomycin C-treated eyes. At 12, 24, and 36 months, corneal confocal microscopy showed activated keratocytes and extracellular matrix significantly more evident in untreated eyes (Ps = 0.004, 0.024, and 0.046, respectively).
CONCLUSION: Topical intraoperative application of 0.02% mitomycin C can reduce haze formation in highly myopic eyes undergoing PRK.
Comment in
Ophthalmology. 2006 Feb;113(2):357; author reply 357-8
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
ANALISIS SEBARAN RESERVOIR SANDSTONE MENGGUNAKAN SEISMIK INVERSI ACOUSTIC IMPEDANCE DI LAPANGAN X, CEKUNGAN SUMATERA TENGAH
No full textFormasi Bekasap merupakan formasi yang diendapkan secara selaras di atas
formasi Bangko dan mempunyai kisaran umur dari akhir N5 sampai N8. Litologi
penyusunnya adalah sandstone glaukonitan di bagian atas serta sisipan serpih,
batugamping tipis dan lapisan batubara. Sandstone formasi Bekasap adalah
sedimen yang secara diacronous menutup cekungan Sumatera Tengah yang pada
akhirnya menutup semua tinggian yang terbentuk sebelumnya. Tujuan dari
penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan karakteristik reservoir pada formasi
bekasap di lapangaan X cekungan Sumatera Tengah berdasarkan nilai impedansi
akustik. data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini berupa tiga data sumur (C-1, D-1,
dan E-1), serta data seismic 3D Post Stack Time Migration. Metode inversi post
stacks menjadi metode inversi yang dapat mengkarakterisasi reservoir
berdasarkan acoustic impedance. Hasil dari inversi yang dilakukan, didapat nilai
acoustic impedance reservoir sandstone di lapangan X berkisar antara 16000
((ft/s) *(g/cc)) sampai dengan 25000 ((ft/s) *(g/cc)) serta memiliki nilai porositas
16-20% yang menandakan reservoir dengan kualitas porositas yang baik dan arah
sebaran NW-SE. Evaluasi dari penelitian ini diperlukan tambahan sumur yang
memiliki kelengkapan data salah satu nya seperti log water saturation, log Vs
yang berasal dari pengukuran untuk lebih mengetahui potensi hidrokarbon.
Kata Kunci: Inversi acoustic impedance, sandstone, formasi Bekasap, Cekungan
Sumatera Tengah
ANALISIS SEBARAN RESERVOIR SANDSTONE MENGGUNAKAN SEISMIK INVERSI ACOUSTIC IMPEDANCE DI LAPANGAN X, CEKUNGAN SUMATERA TENGAH
Get PDFFormasi Bekasap merupakan formasi yang diendapkan secara selaras di atas
formasi Bangko dan mempunyai kisaran umur dari akhir N5 sampai N8. Litologi
penyusunnya adalah sandstone glaukonitan di bagian atas serta sisipan serpih,
batugamping tipis dan lapisan batubara. Sandstone formasi Bekasap adalah
sedimen yang secara diacronous menutup cekungan Sumatera Tengah yang pada
akhirnya menutup semua tinggian yang terbentuk sebelumnya. Tujuan dari
penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan karakteristik reservoir pada formasi
bekasap di lapangaan X cekungan Sumatera Tengah berdasarkan nilai impedansi
akustik. data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini berupa tiga data sumur (C-1, D-1,
dan E-1), serta data seismic 3D Post Stack Time Migration. Metode inversi post
stacks menjadi metode inversi yang dapat mengkarakterisasi reservoir
berdasarkan acoustic impedance. Hasil dari inversi yang dilakukan, didapat nilai
acoustic impedance reservoir sandstone di lapangan X berkisar antara 16000
((ft/s) *(g/cc)) sampai dengan 25000 ((ft/s) *(g/cc)) serta memiliki nilai porositas
16-20% yang menandakan reservoir dengan kualitas porositas yang baik dan arah
sebaran NW-SE. Evaluasi dari penelitian ini diperlukan tambahan sumur yang
memiliki kelengkapan data salah satu nya seperti log water saturation, log Vs
yang berasal dari pengukuran untuk lebih mengetahui potensi hidrokarbon.
Kata Kunci: Inversi acoustic impedance, sandstone, formasi Bekasap, Cekungan
Sumatera Tengah
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