2,502 research outputs found
Patient-derived tumor xenografts of lymphoproliferative disorders: are they surrogates for the human disease?
No full textPurpose of reviewPatient-derived tumor xenografts (PDTXs) have emerged as powerful platforms in medical oncology. A plethora of PDTXs were generated to study solid cancers, but limited data are as yet available on hematological diseases. The aim of this review is to describe the state of art of lymphoma PDTXs, discussing future directions for the development of integrated/personalized cancer programs.Recent findingsIn the last decades, several PDTXs of lymphoproliferative disorders have been produced. Most studies focused on acute lymphoblastic leukemias, but consistent results have recently been obtained also for indolent and aggressive B-/T-cell lymphomas. These models have contributed to characterize lymphoma biology and therapy, despite technical and scientific issues have partially limited their application (e.g. high costs, relatively low engraftment rates, lack of human-derived tumor microenvironment, clonal selection of engrafted cells, limited characterization of tumor grafts). In the next future, such limitations should be overcome by new technical approaches and dedicated multiinstitutional programs.SummaryPDTXs represent an unprecedented opportunity to study the biology and clinical management of lymphoproliferative disorders. Many of the current models display limitations, which will be resolved by rigorous approaches and comprehensive libraries, recapitulating the extreme heterogeneity of such neoplasms
Pathogenesis of Peripheral T Cell Lymphoma
No full textPeripheral T cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are highly heterogeneous tumors, displaying distinct clinical and biological features. The pathogenesis and normal counterpart of such entities have been elusive for decades. Recent studies have, however, disclosed key mechanisms of peripheral T cell transformation, including (a) the deregulation of signaling pathways controlling T cell development, differentiation, and maturation; (b) the remodeling of the peritumor microenvironment; and (c) the virus-mediated rewiring of T cell biology. Uncovering the molecular mechanisms of T cell transformation will help elucidate the peculiar clinical and pathological features of each PTCL entity and will lead to the characterization of novel antitumor therapies. These therapies will combine conventional and new-generation compounds with immune-modulating agents to ablate both the neoplastic cells and the tumor-supporting microenvironment. This review addresses the pathogenic mechanisms of PTCLs, with special attention paid to novel therapeutic strategies for the clinical management of such aggressive tumors
Desativar o direito: um caminho a partir da obra de Giorgio Agamben
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Jurídicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito, Florianópolis, 2014O trabalho parte do problema de tentar pensar uma forma de resistência pelo Direito. A hipótese sustentada encontra amparo na noção de "desativar" o Direito, contida na obra de Giorgio Agamben. Neste sentido, o trabalho busca recompor os paradigmas jurídico-político e governamental dentro da obra do autor em questão, principalmente a partir dos livros "O poder soberano e a vida nua", "Estado de Exceção" e "O Reino e a Glória". Ao fim, a proposta de "desativar" o Direito e o conceito de inoperosidade defrontam-se com a máquina governamental agambeniana. Na conclusão, a filosofia do Direito é apresentada como alternativa para se pensar uma nova relação entre Direito e vida.Abstract: The work begins from the problem of trying to think of a way of resistance by Law. The hypothesis is supported by the notion of "deactivate" the law, contained in the work of Giorgio Agamben. In this sense, this dissertation seeks to reconstruct the legal-political and governmental paradigms within the work of the author in question, mostly from the books "The sovereign power and bare life", "State of Exception" and "The Kingdom and the Glory". At the end, the proposal to "deactivate" the Law and the concept of unindustriousness are confronted with Agamben's government machinery. In conclusion, the philosophy of law is presented as an alternative to think about a new relationship between law and life
Cytoskeleton Dynamics in Peripheral T Cell Lymphomas: An Intricate Network Sustaining Lymphomagenesis.
No full textDefects in cytoskeleton functions support tumorigenesis fostering an aberrant proliferation and promoting inappropriate migratory and invasive features. The link between cytoskeleton and tumor features has been extensively investigated in solid tumors. However, the emerging genetic and molecular landscape of peripheral T cell lymphomas (PTCL) has unveiled several alterations targeting structure and function of the cytoskeleton, highlighting its role in cell shape changes and the aberrant cell division of malignant T cells. In this review, we summarize the most recent evidence about the role of cytoskeleton in PTCLs development and progression. We also discuss how aberrant signaling pathways, like JAK/STAT3, NPM-ALK, RhoGTPase, and Aurora Kinase, can contribute to lymphomagenesis by modifying the structure and the signaling properties of cytoskeleton
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase: activating mechanisms and signaling pathways
No full textThe discovery of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) by Stephan Morris and colleagues twenty years ago has led to an unprecedented opportunity and provided the basis for a novel and clinically powerful stratification of human cancers. The molecular and biological characterization of ALK and the recognition of alternative mechanisms of activation of the tyrosine kinase receptors have then set the basis for the development and the subsequent application of selective small molecules. These achievements have fostered a new era in oncology, and the result of this new avenue has drastically changed the expectation of many cancer patients. Here we review the mechanisms of ALK activation and the modalities that drive ALK pathogenesis
Western thymomas lack Epstein-Barr virus by Southern blotting analysis and by polymerase chain reaction
No full textThe authors investigated 16 western thymomas, 9 from the United States and 7 from Europe, for the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA sequences by both Southern blot hybridization analysis and polymerase chain reaction using EBV-specific DNA probes that detect the long internal repeat and terminal repeat regions and the EBNA-1 gene. None of the 16 thymomas contained evidence of the EBV genome, even though we could detect EBV by Southern blotting when EBV DNA represents less than or equal to 1% of the total DNA and by polymerase chain reaction when a single EBV-positive cell is present among 10(5) EBV-negative cells. These results fail to demonstrate EBV genome in western thymomas and stand in contrast to those of McGuire et al (Am J Pathol 1988, 131:385) who previously reported that the EBV genome is present in thymomas occurring in southern Chinese patients. Therefore EBV does not appear to be implicated in the pathogenesis of all thymomas. The presence of EBV in eastern thymomas, regions where EBV is endemic may be due to epidemiologic factors and/or genetic predispositions
Riscrivere Dante in un'altra lingua:Nel regno oscuro by Giorgio Pressburger
No full textReading from Nel regno oscuro by Giorgio Pressburger followed by a conversation with the author The Jewish, Budapest-born writer Giorgio Pressburger, one of the most interesting contemporary novelists in Europe, does not write in his native Hungarian but in adoptive Italian, and has often reflected about this linguistic choice. His most recent novel, Nel regno oscuro (2008), is inspired by Dante’s Inferno, and describes a journey to Hell which is both a meditation on XX-century history – and the Shoah in particular – and a psychoanalytical attempt, guided by Sigmund Freud, to come to terms with the loss of the author’s dead father and twin brother
"Il seme del piangere" of Giorgio Caproni. A linguistic and thematic analysis.
No full textopenL’analisi condotta all’interno di questo elaborato si propone di fornire un’analisi tematica e linguistica della raccolta “Il seme del piangere” di Giorgio Caproni, pubblicata per la prima volta da Garzanti nel 1959. Partendo da una panoramica storica, culturale e stilistica dell’ambiente e delle spinte che muovono l’autore nella composizione della sua poesia, si giungerà ad un’analisi puntuale della prima sezione dell’opera: i “Versi Livornesi” dedicati alla madre al fine di fornire una breve ma puntuale antologia commentata. La forza poetica degli anni ’60 è totalmente condensata nella mente e nella penna di Giorgio Caproni, lo scopo di questo studio è pertanto quello di mettere in luce quante più caratteristiche e particolarità possibili con il desiderio di omaggiare colui che, nella seconda metà del Novecento, donò alla poesia un momento di massima elevazione che, in seguito, è stato difficilmente raggiungibile.The analysis conducted within the paper aims to provide a linguistic and thematic overview of Giorgio Caproni's collection "Il seme del piangere," first published by Garzanti in 1959. Starting from a historical, cultural and stylistic framing of the environment and the drives that move the author in his poetic production, a punctual analysis of the first section of the work, the "Versi Livornesi," will be made in order to provide a brief but timely annotated anthology. The poetic force of the 1960s is totally condensed in the mind and pen of Giorgio Caproni, therefore the aim of this study is to highlight as many of his characteristics and particularities as possible with the desire to pay homage to the one who gave an elevation to the poetry of the second half of the twentieth century that has hardly been, subsequently, achieved
Lymphocyte-rich well-differentiated liposarcoma: report of nine cases
No full textNine well-differentiated liposarcomas with foci simulating the appearance of malignant lymphoma and other lymphoid disorders are reported. Their clinical presentation and evolution were not significantly different from those of their conventional counterparts lacking a lymphoid infiltrate. Microscopically, these tumors were characterized by areas of ordinary well-differentiated liposarcoma, admixed with discrete nodules comprised of small germinal centers, and separated by an admixture of lymphocytes, spindled stromal cells, collagen, and blood vessels, in which highly atypical tumor cells were embedded. The differential diagnosis included Hodgkin's disease, Castleman's disease, and inflammatory pseudotumor. Immunohistochemical evaluation revealed a pre-dominance of T cells in the lymphocytic population. Molecular genetic studies revealed no evidence of clonal rearrangement of the T cell receptor gene, supporting the interpretation of these lymphocytes as reactive. Awareness of the existence of this variant of inflammatory liposarcoma should prevent its misinterpretation as a primary lymphoproliferative process
Il rilievo del borgo di Roncolla
No full textSOMMARIO. Il borgo di Roncolla è stato oggetto di una campagna di rilevamento architettonico eseguita nel mese di aprile 2010 da un gruppo di ventitre studenti iscritti al secondo anno del Corso di Laurea in Ingegneria Edile Architettura dell’Università di Pisa. Il rilievo, che ha interessato nello specifico la chiesa di San Martino e l’oratorio privato annesso alla villa Campani Inghirami, oltre agli spazi esterni del borgo, ha permesso di approfondire alcuni aspetti significativi inerenti le fasi evolutive del nucleo rurale. La ricerca rimane ancora aperta e proseguirà in futuro estendendo l’analisi anche agli spazi interni alla villa gentilizia.
ABSTRACT. The village of Roncolla has been subject of a campaign of an architectonical survey carried out in the month of April 2010 by a group of twenty-three students enrolled in the second year of the Degree Course of Civil Engineering and Architecture in the University of Pisa. The survey, which covered specifically the church of San Martino and the private oratorio annexe to the villa Campani Inghirami, in addition to the external spaces of the village, the survey allowed us to explore some significant aspects connected to the evolutionary phases of the rural nucleus. The research still remains open and will continue in the future, also extending the analysis inside the interior spaces of the noble villa
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