3,580 research outputs found
[Joe Molly's "The Whang Doodle"]
No full textPhotograph of a young woman standing in front of Joe Molly's "The Whang Doodle" a soda fountain in Orange, Texas. There are venetian blinds in the windows and a double screen door on the entrance. A neon sign above the door reads, "Home of the Whang Doodle, 5 cents, Fountain Service" The woman is wearing a dark dress with a white collar and cuffs
Interview about Mary Whang Choy
No full textMary Whang Choy was arrested in Kalama Valley on May 11, 1971, protesting the eviction of farmers and Native Hawaiians
Testing for non-nested conditional moment restrictions using unconditional empirical likelihood
No full textWe propose non-nested hypothesis tests for conditional moment restriction models based on the method of generalized empirical likelihood (GEL). By utilizing the implied GEL probabilities from a sequence of unconditional moment restrictions that contains equivalent information of the conditional moment restrictions, we construct Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Cramer-von Mises type moment encompassing tests. Advantages of our tests over Otsu and Whang's (2011) tests are: (i) they are free from smoothing parameters, (ii) they can be applied to weakly dependent data, and (iii) they allow non-smooth moment functions. We derive the null distributions, validity of a bootstrap procedure, and local and global power properties of our tests. The simulation results show that our tests have reasonable size and power performance in finite samples. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.N
The Ulster Coat Reborn: A Versatile Coatdress
No full textA sustainability concept of “Design Light” is achieved by creating multifunctional garments. With a product that performs multiple functions, we can do more with less and leave less environmental footprints (Fletcher, 2008). In the “Shades of Scenery” series, my goal was to create versatile garments using sustainable strategies (Whang & Haar, 2009; Whang, 2012). For this project I utilized the “Design Light” concept to create a versatile coatdress for career women.</p
Whang, Woon-Hee
No full text학위논문(박사)--아주대학교 일반대학원 :법학과,2007.2산재보험의 미지급보험급여는 보험급여의 청구권은 유효하게 발생하였으나, 그 수급권자가 사망하여 지급되지 못한 보험급여를 말한다. 미지급보험급여에 대하여 산재보험법 제50조는 유족(유족급여의 경우 다른 유족)에게 지급하도록 규정하고 있다. 그런데 이 규정이 민법의 상속 배제규정인가, 아니면 상속의 특칙으로서 유족에게 우선적으로 미지급보험급여를 지급하고, 유족이 없는 경우에는 유족이 아닌 상속인에게 지급하여야 할 것인가?
본 논문은 여기에 문제를 제기하면서 미지급보험급여 제도의 전반을 연구한 것이다.
제1장에서는 연구목적과 연구방법과 범위를 밝히고, 제2장은 산재보험급여 수급권의 재산권 여부 및 미지급보험급여의 상속법리에 대한 연구이다.
제3장은 미지급보험급여의 지급요건과 지급대상이 되는 보험급여의 종류를 다루었으며, 제4장은 미지급보험급여 수급권자로서의 유족의 범위를 알아보고, 민법의 상속인과 비교하여 그 차이점을 연구하였다.
제5장은 미지급보험급여의 수급권자 결정과 그 행사에 대한 연구이며, 제6장은 결론으로서 먼저 산재보험 미지급보험급여 중에서 현물급여는 그 특성상 일신전속적 권리이므로 상속대상의 재산으로 볼 수 없겠지만, 금전급여인 미지급보험급여는 상속대상의 재산이며, 산재보험법 제50조의 규정은 상속에 대한 특칙이라는 결론을 내리면서, 그 근거를 다음과 같이 제시하였다.
첫째, 헌법상의 재산권 보장은 사유재산의 처분과 그 상속을 포함하는 것이며, 산재보험급여도 헌법상 재산권으로 인정될 뿐만 아니라, 특수직 연금제도와 같이 상속을 제한하는 특별 규정도 없다는 것이다.
둘째, 산재보험의 미지급보험급여는 수급권자의 사망 이후에도 소멸하지 않고 존속하는 것이며, 또한 미지급보험급여는 ‘법령(동법 제50조)에 의하여 그 변경이 인정되는 경우’에 해당되어 상속재산의 대상이라는 것이다.
셋째, 근로기준법의 미지급 재해보상금의 상속을 제한하는 근거가 없는데, 근로기준법의 재해보상에 대한 책임보험적 기능을 수행하는 산재보험의 미지급보험급여에 대한 상속을 제한할 근거도 찾기가 어려울 것이며, 또한 사업주의 안전배려의무 위반의 불법행위 책임을 배제할 수 없을 뿐만 아니라, 산재보험급여의 법적 성격도 손해배상적 성격을 부인할 수 없다면, 이에 대한 손해배상의 상속도 부인되지 않는다는 점이다.
또 하나의 시사점은 일본의 勞災保險은 미지급 보험급부를 받을 수 있는 유족이 없는 경우에는 상속인에게 청구권을 인정하고 있는 점도 간과할 수 없을 것이다.
그리고 미지급보험급여 제도의 신속하고 공정한 운영을 저해하는 점을 찾는다면 다음과 같은 점이 있다.
첫째, 수급권자의 실종에 대한 보호 방안이 없으며, 유족보상 일시금의 수급권 이전 규정(동법 제43조의4 제3항)은 법리에도 어긋나며, 미지급보험급여 제도와 중첩되므로 삭제되어야 할 것이다.
둘째, 유족과 상속인의 범위를 일치시켜야 할 것이다. 유족이 없는 경우 상속인에게 손해배상을 하여도 유족급여는 지급될 수 없다. 이 경우 사용자는 이중적 부담을 해소시켜야 할 것이다. 그리고 태아에 대한 보호가 미흡하다는 것이다.
셋째, 민법의 상속결격 제도와 같은 제도와 산재보험 이념과 취지에 합당한 부양의 개념과 인정기준의 도입을 고려하여야 할 것이다.
넷째, 근로자가 유언으로 보험급여의 수급순위를 변경할 경우, 그 실효성 확보를 위해서는 요건을 완화할 필요성이 있으며, 근로자의 유언으로 수급자격을 박탈당하는 법정수급 순위자에 대한 보호방안도 강구되어야 할 것이다.제1장 서론 = 1
제1절 사회보험으로서의 산재보험 = 1
Ⅰ. 산업재해의 발생이유 = 1
Ⅱ. 사회보험으로서의 산재보험제도 = 3
제2절 연구목적 및 범위 = 8
Ⅰ. 문제제기 및 연구목적 = 8
Ⅱ. 연구범위 및 전개방향 = 9
Ⅲ. 연구방법 = 10
제2장 산재보험 미지급보험급여의 상속법리 = 12
제1절 총설 = 12
제2절 사회보험 수급권 = 14
Ⅰ. 사회보장을 받을 권리 = 14
Ⅱ. 사회보험 수급권 = 16
1. 사회보험법의 지위 = 16
2. 사회보험 수급권의 의의 = 18
3. 사회보험 수급권의 법적 성격 = 19
Ⅲ. 사회보험 수급권의 헌법상의 재산권 여부 = 20
1. 의의 = 20
2. 독일의 경우 = 21
3. 우리나라의 경우 = 23
1) 헌법상 재산권 보호의 대상 = 23
2) 근로자의 기여 없는 사회보험 수급권의 재산권성 = 26
4. 민법의 상속재산과의 구별 = 28
5. 평가 = 29
제3절 사회보험 미지급보험급여의 상속여부(산재보험을 제외하고) = 30
Ⅰ. 독일에서의 논의 = 31
1. 부정설 = 31
2. 긍정설 = 32
3. 입법례 = 33
Ⅱ. 일본에서의 논의 = 33
1. 학설 = 34
2. 판례 = 36
3. 행정해석 = 37
4. 입법례 = 38
5. 餘論 = 39
Ⅲ. 우리나라의 경우 = 39
1. 사회보험법령의 규정 = 40
1) 국민연금법 = 40
2) 국민건강보험법 = 40
3) 고용보험법의 구직급여 = 41
2. 노동관계법상의 규정 = 42
3. 사회보상법 = 43
4. 특수직 연금제도 = 44
1) 관련 규정 = 44
2) 미지급 급여의 상속여부 = 45
Ⅳ. 요약 = 46
제4절 산재보험 미지급보험급여의 상속법리 = 47
Ⅰ. 사회보험으로서의 산재보험의 특징 = 47
1. 의의 = 47
2. 다른 사회보험과의 구별 = 48
1) 보장 목적의 차이 = 48
2) 보험사고 = 49
3) 수급자격의 특색 = 49
4) 사용자의 보험료 전액 부담 = 51
5) 기업의 위험분산기능 = 52
6) 사용자 책임과의 조정 = 52
7) 요약 = 53
3. 산재보험급여의 법적 성질 = 55
1) 손해배상설 = 55
2) 근로조건보호설 = 56
3) 생활보장설 = 57
4) 판례 = 58
5) 사견 = 59
Ⅱ. 산재보험 미지급보험급여의 의의 = 61
1. 의의 = 61
2. 연혁 = 61
3. 미지급보험급여의 유형 = 62
Ⅲ. 산재보험 미지급보험급여의 상속 여부 = 63
1. 노동법상의 재해보상 규정 = 63
2. 일본의 勞災保險法 = 64
1) 勞災保險法의 規定 = 64
2) 학설 = 65
3) 행정해석 = 67
4) 우리나라 미지급보험급여 제도와의 차이점 = 67
3. 우리나라 산재보험 미지급보험급여의 상속여부 = 68
1) 학설 = 68
2) 판례 및 행정해석 = 70
3) 사회보험급여수급권의 상속요건 = 71
4) 특별승계의 상속 우선 = 76
5) 사견 = 76
Ⅳ. 미지급보험급여 제도의 법적 성격 = 78
제5절 소결 = 79
제3장 미지급보험급여의 지급 요건 및 적용 범위 = 81
제1절 미지급보험급여의 지급요건 = 81
Ⅰ. 의의 = 81
Ⅱ. 미지급보험급여의 지급 요건 = 81
1. 수급권자의 사망 = 81
1) 수급권자 = 81
2) 원래의 수급권자 사망 = 84
2. 補償關係의 未終了 = 87
3. 유족(유족급여의 경우 다른 유족) 또는 상속인의 생존 = 87
1) 유족의 결정 시점 = 88
2) 유족이 없는 경우 = 90
제2절 미지급보험급여 청구권의 법적 성격 = 91
Ⅰ. 미지급보험급여 청구권의 법적 성격 = 91
1. 원시취득설 = 91
2. 승계취득설 = 91
3. 사견 = 92
Ⅱ. 미지급보험급여 청구권의 취득시기 = 93
1. 의의 = 93
2. 확인행위형 = 94
3. 당연발생형 = 96
4. 판례 = 97
5. 사견 = 98
제3절 미지급보험급여의 적용 범위 = 98
Ⅰ. 개설 = 98
Ⅱ. 피재근로자가 수급권자인 보험급여 = 99
1. 요양급여 등 = 99
1) 의의 = 99
2) 미지급보험급여 적용 여부 = 99
2. 휴업급여와 상병보상연금 = 101
3. 장해급여 = 102
1) 의의 = 102
2) 장해보상연금 차액 일시금 = 104
4. 간병급여 = 105
Ⅲ. 유족급여 = 106
1. 의의 = 106
2. 미지급보험급여와 수급권 이전의 구별 = 108
1) 미지급보험급여(수급권 승계) = 108
2) 수급권의 이전 = 108
3) 문제점 = 109
3. 미지급 유족급여의 지급 = 110
1) 유족보상 연금의 경우 = 110
2) 유족보상 일시금의 경우 = 111
3) 요약 = 111
4. 외국에 거주하는 자 등의 수급자격 차별의 정당성 여부 = 112
Ⅳ. 장의비 = 113
1. 의의 = 113
2. 死亡의 推定 = 114
3. 수급권자 = 115
4. 미지급보험급여 적용여부 = 115
Ⅴ. 특별급여 = 117
1. 의의 = 117
2. 미지급보험급여의 적용 여부 = 119
Ⅵ. 代替支給의 경우 = 119
1. 의의 = 119
2. 미지급보험급여의 적용 여부 = 121
Ⅶ. 중소기업 사업주의 보험급여 = 121
1. 의의 = 121
2. 미지급보험급여의 적용 여부 = 123
제4절 소결 = 124
Ⅰ. 요약 = 124
Ⅱ. 문제점 = 125
제4장 미지급보험급여 수급자격자로서의 유족 = 127
제1절 미지급보험급여 수급자격자로서의 유족의 범위 = 127
Ⅰ. 유족의 의의 = 127
1. 유족의 개념 = 127
2. 다른 법령상의 유족의 범위 = 127
1) 노동법상의 유족의 범위 = 127
2) 사회보험법상의 유족의 범위 = 128
3) ILO의 기준 = 129
4) 외국의 입법례 = 130
5) 유족과 상속인의 범위 불일치 = 131
Ⅱ. 수급자격자로서의 배우자 = 133
1. 배우자 = 133
1) 의의 = 133
2) 혼인기간 지속의 문제 = 134
3) 수급자격의 남녀 차별문제 = 136
4) 배우자의 재혼과 수급자격 = 138
2. 사실혼관계에 있는 자 = 141
1) 의의 = 141
2) 다른 법령상의 규정 = 143
3) 重婚的 事實婚 = 144
Ⅲ. 수급자격자로서의 혈족 = 146
1. 혈족으로서의 유족의 의의 = 146
2. 모계혈족의 포함여부 = 147
3. 혈족으로서의 유족의 범위 = 148
1) 자녀 = 148
2) 부모 = 159
3) 孫 = 164
4) 조부모 = 164
5) 형제자매 = 165
Ⅳ. 유족이 없는 경우 = 165
1. 유족급여의 경우 = 166
2. 미지급보험급여의 경우 = 167
Ⅴ. 수급자격의 결격 = 167
1. 의의 = 167
2. 외국의 입법례 = 167
3. 판례 = 168
4. 사견 = 168
제2절 민법의 상속인과의 비교 = 168
Ⅰ. 민법의 상속제도 = 168
Ⅱ. 상속인의 범위 = 170
1. 배우자 = 170
2. 혈 족 = 171
1) 직계비속 = 172
2) 직계존속 = 172
3) 형제자매 = 173
4) 4촌 이내의 방계혈족 = 173
3. 상속인이 없는 경우(특별 연고자 및 국가) = 174
4. 상속인의 결격 = 174
Ⅲ. 대습상속 = 175
Ⅳ. 상속분 = 177
Ⅴ. 민법의 상속과의 비교 = 178
1. 유족과 상속인의 범위 = 178
1) 유족과 상속인의 범위 = 179
2) 사실혼 배우자 = 179
3) 태아 = 180
2. 대습자격 여부 = 180
3. 수급권자 또는 상속인 사망 = 180
4. 부양관계 중시 여부 = 181
5. 수급순위 = 181
6. 配偶者의 支給分 = 182
7. 유언의 인정 여부 = 182
8. 寄與分 制度 = 182
9. 수급자격의 결격 = 183
10. 보험급여 또는 상속의 포기 여부 = 183
제3절 요약 및 문제점 = 183
Ⅰ. 요약 = 183
1. 미지급보험급여의 수급자격자로서의 유족 = 183
2. 산재보험법의 유족과 민법의 상속인의 비교 = 184
Ⅱ. 문제점 = 186
1. 유족과 상속인의 범위 불일치 = 187
2. 배우자의 수급자격의 남녀 차별 = 187
3. 태아의 수급자격 인정 = 187
4. 수급자격의 실격 = 188
제5장 미지급보험급여의 수급권자 결정 및 수급권 행사 = 189
제1절 개설 = 189
제2절 피재근로자가 수급권자였던 경우 수급권자 결정 = 189
Ⅰ. 법정순위 = 189
1. 법규정 = 189
2. 수급권자 결정기준으로서의 부양의 개념 = 190
1) 민법상의 부양의 개념 = 190
2) 노동법상의 부양의 개념 = 192
3) 다른 사회보험법상의 부양의 개념 = 192
4) 산재보험법상의 부양의 개념 = 194
5) 부양의 효과 = 200
3. 미지급보험급여의 법정 수급순위 = 201
1) 법정 수급순위 = 201
2) 養子와 養孫의 수급순위 우대여부 = 203
4. 수급권자가 2인 이상인 경우 = 203
Ⅱ. 지정유족(유언에 의한 수급권자 결정) = 204
1. 의의 = 204
1) 취지 = 204
2) 다른 법령상의 규정 = 205
3) 근로자 유언의 법적 성질 = 205
2. 유언의 요건 = 206
1) 의의 = 206
2) 유언의 요건 = 208
3. 유언의 효과(지정유족의 수급권) = 209
1) 유언으로 유족만 지정한 경우 = 209
2) 유언으로 유족과 그 지급액을 지정한 경우 = 210
3) 지정유족 이외에 다음 순위 유족만 있는 경우 = 213
4) 지정유족이 2인 이상인 경우 = 214
5) 유언으로 유족과 유족 아닌 자를 함께 지정한 경우 = 215
6) 유족이 아닌 자에 대한 지정 = 217
7) 지정유족이 수급권을 포기한 경우 = 218
4. 문제점 = 219
1) 요건의 완화 = 219
2) 법정순위 유족의 보호 = 220
3) 유족보상 연금에의 적용 여부 = 221
Ⅲ. 미지급보험급여의 수급권자로 결정된 유족이 사망한 경우 = 222
1. 의의 = 222
2. 다른 유족이 수급권자라는 설 = 223
3. 유족의 상속인이 수급권자라는 설 = 223
4. 사견 = 224
제3절 유족이 수급권자였던 경우 수급권자 결정 = 224
Ⅰ. 미지급 유족급여의 수급권자 = 224
Ⅱ. 유족의 유언 인정 여부 = 225
제4절 미지급보험급여의 수급권 행사 = 226
Ⅰ. 수급절차 = 226
1. 의의 = 226
2. 수급권자가 2인 이상인 경우 = 227
1) 수급절차 = 227
2) 소송상의 문제 = 227
Ⅱ. 수급권의 보호 = 228
1. 양도·압류금지 등의 보호 = 228
2. 시효 = 229
제5절 수급권 침해의 구제 = 230
Ⅰ. 수급권 침해의 구제 = 230
Ⅱ. 불복절차 중복 청구 = 231
Ⅲ. 미지급보험급여 수급권의 소송수계 여부 = 232
1. 불복절차 중의 피재근로자 사망 = 232
2. 일본 사회보험법의 경우 = 233
3. 우리나라의 경우 = 234
1) 사회보상법의 경우 = 234
2) 산재보험의 미지급보험급여 수급권자의 소송수계여부 = 234
제6절 소결 = 238
Ⅰ. 요약 = 238
Ⅱ. 문제점 = 239
제6장 결론 = 241
제1절 운용상의 문제점 = 241
제2절 제도상의 문제점 = 242
참고 문헌 = 246
Abstract = 275MasterThe unpaid insurance benefits in the industrial accident compensation is referred to as the following, that is, if the beneficiary of the insurance dies, then the insurance cannot be paid to the dead beneficiaries in reality, although the claim of the insurance is valid.
When it comes to the unpaid insurance benefits, it should be paid to the survivors in accordance with the industrial accident compensation insurance act (including the case of survivors' beneficiaries to the other survivors).
By the way, is this regulation connected with succession exclusion provision of civil law or meaning that the unpaid insurance should be paid to the survivors more than anything else, or to the successors other than the survivors but for the survivors?
The aim of this study is to raise some problems stemmed from the above-mentioned process and to study the whole spectra of the unpaid insurance benefits system.
In brevity, Chapter 1 covers the purpose of this study, its method and its scope as well. Chapter 2 covers the study of the succession legal principles of the unpaid insurance benefits as well as the property right of the industrial accident compensation.
Chapter 3 deals with the paid terms and conditions of the unpaid insurance benefits and the kinds of the unpaid insurance benefits to be covered. Chapter 4 covers the study of the scope of the survivors as a beneficiary of the unpaid insurance benefits and the difference between the survivors and the successors under the civil law.
Chapter 5 covers the decision and its exercise of the beneficiaries of the unpaid insurance benefits.
Chapter 6 is a concluding part of this thesis, which deals with the wage in kind among the unpaid insurance benefits in the industrial accident compensation insurance cannot be seen as the property of succession because it controls only one person, meanwhile wage in cash can be regarded as the property to be succeeded.
Therefore, the study concludes and suggests that article 50 of the industrial accident insurance law is a special regulation as to succession, suggesting the following reasons.
First, the property right of the Constitution covers the disposal of private property and its succession and the industrial accident compensation insurance is acknowledged as the property right in accordance with the Constitution and no special regulations to limit the succession such as special occupational category pension system as well.
Second, the unpaid insurance benefits of the industrial accident compensation insurance should not become extinct and continue the right of beneficiary. In addition, the unpaid insurance benefits shall be a succession property through the case of acknowledged transfer under the regulation of article 50.
Third, since Labor Standard Act has no reason to limit any succession of the unpaid accident compensation benefits, so no limitation should be made to the succession toward the unpaid insurance benefits of the industrial accident compensation benefits performs the function of liability insurance as to the accident compensation of the Labor Standard Act.
Besides, if the lawful characteristic of the industrial compensation insurance should not be rejected compensation for the damage as well as any unlawful act toward the business owners' safety control responsibility should not be rejected, the succession of the damage claim should not be rejected as well.
Another suggestion shown as Japanese Labor Accident Insurance is that if it were not for the survivors who will be benefited for the unpaid insurance benefits, the requesting right should be acknowledged as successors.
Furthermore, the following are some points which hinder the speedy and fair management of the unpaid insurance benefits system.
First, there is no protective measures against the disappearance of the beneficiaries and the compensation insurance beneficiaries' right transfer regulation toward the bereaved family's compensation lump sum are not true to the law in accordance with 43-4-3 and it is overlapped with the unpaid compensation insurance system, so it should be deleted immediately.
Second, if it were not for the survivors after checking the scope of the bereaved family and successors, the compensation to the bereaved family cannot be paid, if the claim for the damage toward the successor is performed.
Double the burden caused by this should be settled and the protection toward the fetus is not satisfactory, so its measures should be worked out.
Third, a new system such as succession disqualification system stated in the civil law and the introduction of the concept of support and the standard of acknowledgement which is true to the idea and purport of the industrial accident insurance should be positively reviewed and reconsidered.
Fourth, in case the laborers change the order of benefitting the compensation insurance in accordance with the testament, the basic qualification needs to be alleviated to secure the validity of the system and the protective steps should be prepared for those who are qualified with lawful beneficiaries deprived of their qualification of beneficiaries because of the testament of the labor
(The) experimental study in serotonin : role of serotonin in gastrointestinal function
No full text의학과/박사[한글]
The Experimental Study in Serotonin
-Role of Serotonin in Gastrointestinal Function-
Kyu Chul, Whang
Department of Pharmacology and Surgery
Yonsei University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
(Director : W.C.Lee, S.S. Hong and K.S. Min)
White and Magee (1958) have reported that the continuous intravenous infusion of
serotonin increased the secretion of mucin from the pyloric mucosa. Furthermore,
they demonstrated that the serotonin effect on mucin secretion was not dependent on
an increased motility of the pylorus, because the effect was present also in the
everted gastric pouch, and was not abolished by hexamethonium which decreases
gastric motility. Gaddum and Picarelli (1957) reported that there are two types of
serotonin receptors, namely the M-receptor (nervous) and the D-receptor (smooth
muscle) in the guinea pig ileum. The nervous receptor is blocked by morphine or
atropine, while the smooth muscle receptor is blocked by dibenzyline or d-lysergic
acid diethylamide(LSD)
The present study attempts first to clarity the relationship between these
receptors and gastric secretion particulary mucus contents and motility, and
secondly, to confirm the effect or role of serotonin on dietary induced gastric
secretion in dogs.
Methods
Eight healthy mongrel dogs, weighing 10 to 15 kg, were employed in these
experiments. According to the technique described by DeVito and Harkins (1959) we
prepared denervated (Heidenhain) pouches in six dogs. In two animals we made we
made innervated (Pavlov) pouches using the method of Holland and Jemerin (1938).
The dogs were maintained on a semi-fluid rice diet made of 90% starch and 10%
protein. They were fasted for 15 hours before ezch experiments. Powdered whole milk
was used as the standard food for the stimulation of gastric juice production. The
dogs were fed portions containing 200 calories in a solution of, milk powder
diluted with distilled water to a volume of 200 ml. Two grams of sidium chloride
were added to each 200 ml. In order that the effects of calories and volume might
be eliminated in these studies we used other food in an equi-caloric and
equi-volumetric basis in some of the animals. The effects of the subcutaneous
injection of serotonin, histamine, and other agents on gastic secretion induced by
the standard milk preparation were examined. The secretion volume and degree of
acidity were determined at thirty minute intervals. The free and total acidity of
the gastic juice were measured in 1.0 ml aliquots by titration of the sample with
N/20 NaOH, using Tofer's reagent and phenolphthalein as indicators. Total acidity
was considered to be a more accurate reflection of the parietal cell secretion than
free acidity (Shay et al. 1950). The protein content of the gastric juice (gastric
mucin) was also determined by the biuret reaction.
After the dogs were anesthetized using pentobarbital, they were prepared for an
acute series of testing of a effect of serotinin on the volume and acidity of the
gastric secretion by inserting and fixing a Levein tube in the stomach and by
ligating the pylorus.
In five dogs gastric and duodenal motility and intraluminal water pressures were
determined after tubes with attached balloons were passed through a gastrostomy
opening into both the stomach and the duodenum. Kymographic recordings were made
over periods of several hours. Also, simultaneously, changes in blood pressure and
in respiration were recorded.
Results
Ⅰ. Gastric secretion :
In most experiments the Heidenhain pouch dogs showed a spontaneous fasting
secretion of 0.5 to 1.0 ml per 3- minutes of a clear viscous fluid which contained
practically no free acid, and 0.01 to 0.03 mEq of total acid. Milk stimulated the
production of gastric juice. In dogs having the devervated pouch the pattern of
response to milk feeding was quite consistent. Secretion lasted about 4 hours with
the peak of secretion being reached in the second half hour after feeding. After
four hours there was a neglihible output of secretion.
Following the subcutaneous administration of histamine, the peak of the gastric
secretion was observed in the first half hour, and the output of secretion lasted
about two hours. The pattern of response of secretion to the stimulation of milk or
of histamine in the Pavlov pouch dogs was quite similar to that seen in the
Heidenhain pouch dogs. However the pattern was more uniform in the Heidenhain pouch
dogs,
In 15 experiments using Heidenhain dogs and 5 experiments using Pavlov dogs the
single subcutaneous injection of 0.5-2.0 mg of serotonin produced little change, or
even a decrease, in both the volume and degree of acid output. Furthermore,
serotonin greatly inhibited the milk=induced secretion in the Heidenhain pouch
dogs. This inhibition was absent when histamine was used to stimulate the gastric
secretions in the same animals.
The continuous intravenous administration of serotonin, at levels of 3-10 ug per
kg, 034 minute, was associated with a significant increase in the volume of gastric
juice aspirated from three dogs which were anesthetized with pentobarbital. The
degree of acidity varied only a little. On the contrary to the serotonin effect,
histamine given at dose levels of 0.8 to 3 ug per kg, per minute caused a marked
increase both in the volume and in the degree acidity of the gastric juice in these
same three animals.
Ⅱ. Gastric mucin secretion :
There was a significant increase in the mucin content of gastric juice obtained
from the Heidenhain pouch following a single subcutaneous injection of 1.0 mg of
serotonin. However following the administration of 0.2 mg histamine or of histamine
plus 1.0 mg of serotonin, the mucin content was not relatively increased. There was
an increase in the total amount of mucin secondary to the increased total volume of
the gastric juice. This increase in the total mucin production and in the degree of
acid output paralleled the increase in the total gastric secretion volume secondary
to the histamine stimulation.
In the Heidenhain pouch dogs the stimulation of mucin production following the
administration of serotonin was strikingly inhibited by the subcutaneous injection
of 1.0 mg of LSD, of 20 mg of 2-bromo-dlysergic acid diethylamide (BOL) or of 50 mg
of dibenzyline. The subcutaneous injection of 25 mg of morphine produced a mild
inhibition of the serotonin effect of stimulation of mucin production in the
gastric juice, 1.0 mg of atropiner or 10 mg of hexamethonium did not block the
increased prodution of mucin following serotonin injections. Nevertheless,
dibenzyline, LSD, BOL, morphine atropine or hexamethonium alone, did not affect on
gastric mucus production.
Ⅲ. Gastric motility ;
The single administration of 0.5 mg of serotonin produced an immediate increase
in gastric and duodenal tonus and motility in the anesthetized dogs. The arterial
blood pressure also rapidly increased. A period of apnea was followed by a
transient hyperpnea. The increased motility, elicited by the serotonin, usually
ceased within 10 minutes, and gastrointestinal motility returned to normal.
The effect of several pharmacologic agents in modifying the gastrointestinal
response to serotonin was examined. The intravenous administration of 1.0 mg of
atropine did not inhibit the serotonin response. Intravenous administration of 10
mg of hexamethonium, or 20 mg of morphine stimulated duodenal motility but had no
effect on gastric motility. However, the response of duodenal motility to serotonin
was not inhibited by hexamethonium or mirphine. A single intravenous injection of
1.0 mg of LSD caused no response in gastroduodenal motility. Further-more there was
no inhibitory action to serotonin induced motility. The intravenous administration
of 0.2 mg of histamine did not affect on increased duodenal motility caused by
serotonin. However, administration of histamine or serotonin, raisei arterial blood
pressure.
[영문]
White and Magee (1958) have reported that the continuous intravenous infusion of serotonin increased the secretion of mucin from the pyloric mucosa. Furthermore, they demonstrated that the serotonin effect on mucin secretion was not dependent on
an increased motility of the pylorus, because the effect was present also in the everted gastric pouch, and was not abolished by hexamethonium which decreases gastric motility. Gaddum and Picarelli (1957) reported that there are two types of serotonin receptors, namely the M-receptor (nervous) and the D-receptor (smooth muscle) in the guinea pig ileum. The nervous receptor is blocked by morphine or atropine, while the smooth muscle receptor is blocked by dibenzyline or d-lysergic acid diethylamide(LSD)
The present study attempts first to clarity the relationship between these receptors and gastric secretion particulary mucus contents and motility, and secondly, to confirm the effect or role of serotonin on dietary induced gastric secretion in dogs.
Methods
Eight healthy mongrel dogs, weighing 10 to 15 kg, were employed in these experiments. According to the technique described by DeVito and Harkins (1959) we prepared denervated (Heidenhain) pouches in six dogs. In two animals we made we made innervated (Pavlov) pouches using the method of Holland and Jemerin (1938).
The dogs were maintained on a semi-fluid rice diet made of 90% starch and 10% protein. They were fasted for 15 hours before ezch experiments. Powdered whole milk was used as the standard food for the stimulation of gastric juice production. The dogs were fed portions containing 200 calories in a solution of, milk powder diluted with distilled water to a volume of 200 ml. Two grams of sidium chloride were added to each 200 ml. In order that the effects of calories and volume might be eliminated in these studies we used other food in an equi-caloric and equi-volumetric basis in some of the animals. The effects of the subcutaneous
injection of serotonin, histamine, and other agents on gastic secretion induced by the standard milk preparation were examined. The secretion volume and degree of acidity were determined at thirty minute intervals. The free and total acidity of the gastic juice were measured in 1.0 ml aliquots by titration of the sample with N/20 NaOH, using Tofer's reagent and phenolphthalein as indicators. Total acidity was considered to be a more accurate reflection of the parietal cell secretion than free acidity (Shay et al. 1950). The protein content of the gastric juice (gastric
mucin) was also determined by the biuret reaction.
After the dogs were anesthetized using pentobarbital, they were prepared for an acute series of testing of a effect of serotinin on the volume and acidity of the gastric secretion by inserting and fixing a Levein tube in the stomach and by ligating the pylorus.
In five dogs gastric and duodenal motility and intraluminal water pressures were determined after tubes with attached balloons were passed through a gastrostomy opening into both the stomach and the duodenum. Kymographic recordings were made
over periods of several hours. Also, simultaneously, changes in blood pressure and in respiration were recorded.
Results
Ⅰ. Gastric secretion :
In most experiments the Heidenhain pouch dogs showed a spontaneous fasting secretion of 0.5 to 1.0 ml per 3- minutes of a clear viscous fluid which contained practically no free acid, and 0.01 to 0.03 mEq of total acid. Milk stimulated the
production of gastric juice. In dogs having the devervated pouch the pattern of response to milk feeding was quite consistent. Secretion lasted about 4 hours with the peak of secretion being reached in the second half hour after feeding. After four hours there was a neglihible output of secretion.
Following the subcutaneous administration of histamine, the peak of the gastric secretion was observed in the first half hour, and the output of secretion lasted about two hours. The pattern of response of secretion to the stimulation of milk or
of histamine in the Pavlov pouch dogs was quite similar to that seen in the Heidenhain pouch dogs. However the pattern was more uniform in the Heidenhain pouch dogs,
In 15 experiments using Heidenhain dogs and 5 experiments using Pavlov dogs the single subcutaneous injection of 0.5-2.0 mg of serotonin produced little change, or even a decrease, in both the volume and degree of acid output. Furthermore, serotonin greatly inhibited the milk=induced secretion in the Heidenhain pouch
dogs. This inhibition was absent when histamine was used to stimulate the gastric secretions in the same animals.
The continuous intravenous administration of serotonin, at levels of 3-10 ug per kg, 034 minute, was associated with a significant increase in the volume of gastric juice aspirated from three dogs which were anesthetized with pentobarbital. The
degree of acidity varied only a little. On the contrary to the serotonin effect, histamine given at dose levels of 0.8 to 3 ug per kg, per minute caused a marked increase both in the volume and in the degree acidity of the gastric juice in these same three animals.
Ⅱ. Gastric mucin secretion :
There was a significant increase in the mucin content of gastric juice obtained from the Heidenhain pouch following a single subcutaneous injection of 1.0 mg of serotonin. However following the administration of 0.2 mg histamine or of histamine
plus 1.0 mg of serotonin, the mucin content was not relatively increased. There was an increase in the total amount of mucin secondary to the increased total volume of the gastric juice. This increase in the total mucin production and in the degree of
acid output paralleled the increase in the total gastric secretion volume secondary to the histamine stimulation.
In the Heidenhain pouch dogs the stimulation of mucin production following the administration of serotonin was strikingly inhibited by the subcutaneous injection of 1.0 mg of LSD, of 20 mg of 2-bromo-dlysergic acid diethylamide (BOL) or of 50 mg of dibenzyline. The subcutaneous injection of 25 mg of morphine produced a mild inhibition of the serotonin effect of stimulation of mucin production in the gastric juice, 1.0 mg of atropiner or 10 mg of hexamethonium did not block the increased prodution of mucin following serotonin injections. Nevertheless,
dibenzyline, LSD, BOL, morphine atropine or hexamethonium alone, did not affect on gastric mucus production.
Ⅲ. Gastric motility ;
The single administration of 0.5 mg of serotonin produced an immediate increase in gastric and duodenal tonus and motility in the anesthetized dogs. The arterial blood pressure also rapidly increased. A period of apnea was followed by a transient hyperpnea. The increased motility, elicited by the serotonin, usually ceased within 10 minutes, and gastrointestinal motility returned to normal.
The effect of several pharmacologic agents in modifying the gastrointestinal response to serotonin was examined. The intravenous administration of 1.0 mg of atropine did not inhibit the serotonin response. Intravenous administration of 10 mg of hexamethonium, or 20 mg of morphine stimulated duodenal motility but had no effect on gastric motility. However, the response of duodenal motility to serotonin was not inhibited by hexamethonium or mirphine. A single intravenous injection of 1.0 mg of LSD caused no response in gastroduodenal motility. Further-more there was no inhibitory action to serotonin induced motility. The intravenous administration of 0.2 mg of histamine did not affect on increased duodenal motility caused by serotonin. However, administration of histamine or serotonin, raisei arterial blood
pressure.restrictio
Whang, Hyo-Sik
No full text학위논문(석사)--아주대학교 ITS대학원 :교통공학과,2007.2본 연구는 통행속도가 비교적 높은 간선도로인 본선 편도 4차로의 주도로와 편도 2차로의 부도로가 접속하는 신호교차로에서 주도로의 지체를 최소화 하는 동시에 부도로의 지체를 최소화하는 신호운영체계의 교통통제적 적용방안을 연구하였다.
동일 기하구조를 대상으로 다양한 교통상황에서 TRANSYT-7F를 이용하여 신호현시등의 최적 신호시간을 산정하고, NETSIM 시뮬레이션 구현의 효과척도(지체시간)를 통해 비교ㆍ분석하였다.
주도로와 부도로가 접속하는 신호 교차로에서의 좌회전 분리신호는 v/c가 낮은 교통상황에서의 효율성 향상과 대향방향 교통량 비율의 차이에 따른 효율성 감소를 확인할 수 있으며, 직좌 동시신호는 v/c가 높은 교통상황에서의 효율성 향상과 대향방향 교통량 비율의 차이가 높은 교통상황에서의 효율성이 높게 나타남으로서 v/c 및 대향방향 교통량 비율에 따라 직좌 동시신호 및 좌회전 분리신호운영체계의 선택은 신중해야 하며, v/c가 증가 할수록 좌회전 분리신호운영체계의 지체도 변화가 직좌 동시신호운영체계 보다 매우 민감하게 반응하는 것을 분석 결과로 확인할 수 있다.
본 연구의 초점이 주도로와 부도로 신호 교차로에서 주도로의 지체를 최소화 하는 동시에 부도로 지체 최소화를 위한 신호운영체계 적용에 있는 만큼 부도로를 보다 효율적으로 이용하여 교차로 전체의 효율성을 증대 시킬 수 있는 신호운영체계의 신호현시 결정을 위한 기초자료로서 소기의 성과를 거두었다고 판단된다.제1장 서론 = 1
제1절 연구의 배경 및 목적 = 1
제2절 연구의 대상 및 범위 = 3
제2장 이론적 고찰 = 5
제1절 보호좌회전 통제 이론 = 5
1. 신호 현시 방법 = 6
2. 신호 시간 계획 = 10
제2절 신호운영 분석모형 = 16
1. 거시적 분석모형(Macroscopic Model) = 16
2. 미시적 분석모형(Microscopic Model) = 19
제3절 기존 연구 고찰 = 22
제3장 연구 방법론 = 25
제1절 개 요 = 25
제2절 분석 시나리오 선정 = 27
1. 시나리오 선정 기준 = 27
2. 시나리오 선정결과 = 30
제3절 분석 방법론 설정 = 32
1. 분석 프로그램 선정 = 32
2. 분석 교통상황 구현 및 환경 설정 = 33
3. 신호 현시 순서 = 40
제4장 분석 결과 = 42
제1절 부도로 변화에 따른 시나리오별 신호운영체계 분석 = 42
1. 시나리오 A(v/c=0.3 : case 1.1∼3.3) = 42
2. 시나리오 B(v/c=0.8 : case 4.1∼6.3) = 46
3. 시나리오 C(v/c=1.0 : case 7.1∼9.3) = 50
제2절 주도로 변화에 따른 추가 시나리오 분석결과 = 56
1. 추가 시나리오 D(v/c=0.3 : case 10.1∼12.3) = 56
2. 추가 시나리오 E(v/c=1.0 : case 13.1∼15.3) = 58
제3절 결과 요약 = 60
1. 시나리오별 분석 결과 요약 = 60
2. 신호운영체계의 적용방안 검토 = 67
제5장 결론 및 향후 연구과제 = 70
참고 문헌 = 72
ABSTRACT = 74MasterThis study examined the application method of signal operation system in terms of traffic control that can minimize the delay in side road while minimizing the delay in signal crossroad where side road with 2 lanes and main road with 4 lanes, which has relatively high pass speed.
This study calculated the optimal signal time of signal display light using TRANSYT-7T in various traffic situations targeting same geometric structure, analyzed and compared it through the effect measure of implementation of NETSIM simulation.
Exclusive left-turn traffic signal system is found to have less efficiency in traffic situation where the percentage of straight direction traffic volume is high, thru-left-turn traffic signal system has high efficiency in traffic situation where difference of percentage of straight direction vehicle is high. In this regard, it is required to be careful in selecting thru-left-turn and exclusive left-turn traffic signal system according to the percentage of straight direction traffic volume. The difference should be clear as v/c increases from analysis.
This study is found to accomplish some results as a basic material for determination of signal display of signal operation system that may increase overall efficiency of crossroad using the side road more effectively in application of signal operation system for minimizing the delay in side road, while minimizing the delay in main road in the side road
Stabilization of thermoelastic unstable postbuckling in cylindrical piezolaminated panels
No full textIn this study, the stabilization of thermoelastic unstable postbuckling in cylindrical piezolaminated panels was investigated by applying piezoelectric actuation. In order to derive the finite element equations of motion of the active piezolaminated cylindrical panels, the total
Lagrangian formulation was derived using the Hamilton’s virtual work principles for largely deformed structures with small strain. For the purpose of finding the load-displacement tracking, a cylindrical arclength method was applied to the iterative Newton-Raphson scheme. Present results show that the eccentric piezoelectric patch can passively remove the unstable postbuckling and the snap-through without piezoelectric actuation. Also, the thermoelastic snap-through can be successfully suppressed by using a piezoelectric actuation
Teaching Job-Related Social Skills to Learning Disabled Adolescents
No full textThis research was published by the KU Center for Research on Learning, formerly known as the University of Kansas Institute for Research in Learning Disabilities.Previous research has indicated that LD adolescents perform poorly on a test of employment-related social skills (Mathews, Whang, & Fawcett, in press). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of training procedures designed to teach various job-related social skills to learning disabled adolescents. Six job-related social skills were trained using written instructional materials and role-playing practice to criterion. The results showed that the learning disabled adolescents performed the skills in role-playing situations better after training than before training. Generalization measures taken at the adolescents place of employment also suggest the generality of the training effects to actual work environments
A legend: An analysis on the media’s portrayal on Whang-od’s persona and contribution in the recognition and preservation of Philippine culture (a tri-media research)
No full textAbstract onlyA Content Analysis of the articles (print media), documentaries (broadcast media) and blogs (new media) was done to explore how media portrayed Whang-Od and pambabatok and how these portrayals helped in the recognition and preservation of Philippine culture. These media entities presented batok as a sacred tradition and discussed Whang-Od’s resources in performing the art — highlighting the traditional method of the practice. Analyses revealed that Whang-Od is the sole person who have kept the tradition alive all these years and that pambabatok, because of her age and of her lack of a son or daughter, might be extinct. Although there was a mention of a possible heir, Whang-od’s granddaughter Grace, the samples still presented the constant fear of losing the batok tradition because of modernization and commercialism. The portrayals, therefore, reiterated the need to consider Whang-Od as a candidate to be a National Artist as such recognition may help in the preservation of the culture. All these findings are consistent on the observation that the media served as a powerful force for maintaining social cohesion for Filipinos and for constructing or reproducing social consciousness about a certain culture. Furthermore, the findings illustrated that media is a mediator of values and beliefs to preserve traditions, and is the major source of information and means of information control within modem societies.Includes bibliographical referencesBachelor of Arts major in Mass Communicatio
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