494 research outputs found
Convolvulaceae of the Island of Timor with special reference to East Timor
Get PDFMestrado em Ecologia, Biodiversidade e Gestão de EcossistemasA seguinte dissertação de Mestrado apresenta uma revisão taxonómica
detalhada e actualizada das Convolvulaceae de Timor, com especial referência
para a parte oriental da ilha. Este trabalho teve por base um conjunto de fontes
bibliográficas, espécimes de herbário e exemplares colhidos em duas
expedições botânicas conduzidas apenas na parte oriental da ilha (2004/2005),
sob o projecto “Contribuição para os recursos florísticos de Timor Leste”. Na
totalidade, foram estudados 283 espécimes, abrangendo 15 géneros, 53
espécies e alguns taxa infraespecíficos, num total de 61 taxa diferentes, de
entre os quais se destacam 6 taxa endémicos da ilha de Timor. É sugerida,
neste estudo, uma nova espécie e que poderá igualmente ser um caso de
endemismo. Dos 7 endemismos, apenas a possível nova espécie ocorre em
Timor Leste. São, ainda, apresentados 3 novos registos de Convolvulaceae
para Timor, assim como 10 actualizações de nomenclatura relativamente à
Flora Malesiana.
ABSTRACT: The following dissertation presents an updated and thorough taxonomic review of
Convolvulaceae from Timor, with special reference to the eastern part of the
island. It has been based on the study of bibliographic sources, herbarium
specimens and specimens collected in two botanical expeditions to the eastern
part of the island only (2004-2005), under the project “Contribution to flora
resources management in East Timor”. Overall, 283 specimens were studied,
comprising 15 genus, 53 species and a few other infraspecific taxa, in a total of
61 different taxa, among which 6 taxa are endemic to the island of Timor. A new
species is suggested in this study, which might also be an endemism. Of the 7
suggested endemisms, only the possibly new species, still under study, occurs in
East Timor. Also, 3 new records of Convolvulaceae to Timor are introduced in
this study, as well as 10 nomenclatural updates in relation to Flora Malesiana
Transdisciplinary Research: a new opportunity for understanding Timor-Leste
Get PDFThis paper will provide a broad overview of transdisciplinary research, wicked problems and the potential opportunities that may be associated with using a transdisciplinary approach in Timor-Leste. To illustrate the potential challenges of conducting research in Timor-Leste, and the potential benefits of a transdisciplinary framework, the authors use one of the author`s research topic of Social Sustainability in Biofuel Production: a study of Timor-Leste and Brazil to provide examples and illustrate points
Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in detecting the depth of invasion in women at risk of abnormally invasive placenta: A prospective longitudinal study
No full textIntroductionThe aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in detecting the depth of abnormally invasive placenta in women at risk.Material and methodsProspective longitudinal study including women with placenta previa and at least one prior cesarean delivery or uterine surgery. Depth of abnormally invasive placenta was defined as the degree of trophoblastic invasion through the myometrium and was assessed with histopathological analysis. The ultrasound signs explored were: loss of clear zone, placental lacunae, bladder wall interruption, uterovesical hypervascularity, and increased vascularity in the parametrial region.ResultsIn all, 210 women were included in the analysis. When using at least one sign, ultrasound had an overall sensitivity of 100% (95% CI 96.5-100) and overall specificity of 61.9 (95% CI 51.9-71.2) for all types of abnormally invasive placenta. Using two ultrasound signs increased the diagnostic accuracy in terms of specificity (100%, 95% CI 96.5-100) but did not affect sensitivity. When stratifying the analysis according to the depth of placental invasion, using at least one sign had a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI 93.7-100) and 100% (95% CI 92.6-100) for placenta accreta/increta and percreta, respectively. Using three ultrasound signs improved the detection rate for placenta percreta with a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI 92.6-100) and a specificity of 77.2% (95% CI 69.9-83.4).ConclusionUltrasound has a high diagnostic accuracy in detecting the depth of placental invasion when applied to a population with specific risk factors for anomalies such as placenta previa and prior cesarean delivery or uterine surgery
"É língua oficial de Timor-Leste, quer não quer nós temos que falar": reflexões sobre políticas e práticas linguísticas em Díli
Get PDFDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Linguística, Florianópolis, 2015.Este estudo nasce do interesse da autora de problematizar as políticas linguísticas em contextos de antigas colônias portuguesas. Nesse caso, especificamente, é uma tentativa de compreender as dinâmicas do(s) discurso(s) que permeia(m) a oficialização da língua portuguesa em Timor-Leste e sua relação com as práticas linguísticas cotidianas adotadas pela população que vive e transita em Díli, capital do país e também por timorenses que escolheram estudar no Brasil. Um dos objetivos desse trabalho é tentar relatar a construção discursiva da política linguística timorense, por meio de documentos que definem as políticas linguísticas institucionais e, a partir daí, confrontar essa análise com outra, a das práticas linguísticas cotidianas. Timor-Leste é o único país asiático integrante da Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa, bloco de Estados que se definem a partir do fato de partilharem a língua portuguesa como idioma oficial. Do ponto de vista teórico, a pesquisa busca inspiração na linguística aplicada crítica e nos estudos pós-coloniais (CANAGARAJAH, 2005; MAKONI, 2006, 2007, 2012; MOITA LOPES, 2013; PENNYCOOK, 2001, 2007, 2010; RAJAGOPALAN, 2003, 2004). Além disso, propõe um diálogo com os estudos culturais (HALL, 2005) para refletir sobre categorias como cultura e identidade, recorrentes nos documentos oficiais como justificativa da oficialização da língua portuguesa (TIMOR-LESTE, 2002, 2008, 2012). O trabalho seguiu duas etapas metodológicas interligadas. A partir da análise de documentos oficiais de políticas linguísticas daquele país ? a Constituição da República Democrática de Timor-Leste; a Lei de Bases da Educação; a Resolução do Parlamento Nacional sobre ?A Importância da Promoção e do Ensino nas Línguas Oficiais para a Unidade e Coesão Nacionais e para a Consolidação de uma Identidade Própria e Original no Mundo?; e o Plano do Ministério da Educação 2013-2017 ? procurou observar a relação do que institucionalmente está localizado em um plano ideal com o que é manifestado por duas comunidades de prática (ECKERT, 1992) específicas: a de estudantes timorenses que frequentam o ensino superior na Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC) e a de estudantes finalistas do curso de Formação de Professores de uma universidade em Díli. Além destas comunidades de prática, considerou-se, também, a paisagem linguística (LANDRY & BOURHIS, 1997) multilíngue da capital timorense, onde a autora viveu e trabalhou por um ano. A provocação contida nesse trabalho é que discursos institucionais monofônicos constroem a imagem de uma identidade nacional fixa. Por outro lado, as práticas cotidianas revelam um ambiente polifônico, híbrido e conflituoso. Por fim, a dissertação pretende contribuir para reflexões críticas sobre a relação política entre língua(s), cultura(s) e identidade(s) ao explorar o processo de construção política da ideia de língua.Abstract : This study starts from the interest of the author in discussing the linguistic policies in former portuguese colonies contexts. In this case, specifically, is an attempt to understand the dynamics of the discourse(s) that addresses the officialization of the portuguese language in Timor-Leste and its relation with the language practices adoptedby the population that lives and moves in Dili, the country capital. The aim of this study is to try to report the discursive construction of the timorese languistic policy, through documents that define the institutional languistic policies and compare this analysis with the language of everyday practices. Timor-Leste is the only Asian country member of the Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries, an institution that are defined from the fact that share portuguese as an official language. From a theoretical approach, the research seeks inspiration in critical applied linguistics and postcolonial studies (CANAGARAJAH, 2005; Makoni, [2006], [2007], [2012]; MOITA-LOPES, 2013; PENNYCOOK, [2001], [2007], [2010]; RAJAGOPALAN, [2003], [2004]). It also proposes a dialogue with cultural studies (HALL, 2005) to think on categories such as culture and identity, which are present in official documents to justify the officialization of the portuguese language (TIMOR-LESTE, [2002], [2008], [2012]). This study comprises two methodological steps. From the analysis of official documents of language policies of Timor-Leste - the Constituição da República Democrática de Timor-Leste; a Lei de Bases da Educação; a Resolução do Parlamento Nacional sobre ?A importância da Promoção e do Ensino nas Línguas Oficiais para a Unidade e Coesão Nacionais e para a Consolidação de uma Identidade Própria e Original no Mundo?; and the Plano do Ministério da Educação 2013-2017 - sought to look on the relation between what is institutionally located as an ideal and what is show up by two communities of practice (ECKERT, 1992): the timorese students at Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC) and senior students from an university in Dili: and the linguistic landscape (LANDRY & BOURHIS, 1997) of the Timor-Leste?s, capital city, where the author lived and worked for one year. The set here is that monophonic institutional discourses construct a fixed national identity. On the other hand, the linguistic practices reveal a polyphonic, hybrid and conflicted environment. Finally, this study aims to contribute for the critical reflections on the political connection between language(s), culture(s) and identity(s), through scanning the process of political language construction
Timor-Leste: Challenges to the Consolidation of Democracy
No full textThe majority of authors writing on Timor-Leste, and international organisations who publish indices of democratic performance concur that Timor-Leste has achieved the status of a democratic polity, although the apparent stability of the regime cannot be equated with full democratic consolidation. Among the myriad challenges that this nation faces, democratic consolidation ranks high.
In this In Brief, the author considers three particular dimensions to the challenge of democratic consolidation in Timor-Leste
UN Peace-Building, Transitional Justice and the Rule of Law in East Timor:The Limits of Institutional Responses to Political Questions
Get PDFA series of UN peace-building missions have taken the leading role in reconstructing the rule of law in East Timor, most notably through the hybridised Special Panels trials from 2000 to 2005 and ongoing hybridised participation in prosecution and judging in the years since then. While UN peace-building doctrine place great faith in transfusions of international expertise in the institutions of justice to secure their autonomy, the experience in East Timor has been one of consistent governmental interference to restrain politically sensitive prosecutions and systematic pardon of those convicted of committing crimes of political violence. Beginning with the thwarted prosecution of Indonesian generals accused of crimes against humanity before the Special Panels, and moving on to consider episodes of prosecutorial interference and systematic pardon in trials dealing with crimes committed during serious civil unrest in 2006 and attempted assassinations of the President and Prime Minister in 2008, this article examines the UN's ongoing failure to secure the autonomy of the judicial institutions it is mandated to assist. It cites a preoccupation on the part of the UN with the institutional aspects of the rule of law which has been emphasised at the expense of the more contentious cultural and behavioural aspects of the rule of law at a political level which are essential if the institutions of justice are to operate independently
First‐trimester detection of abnormally invasive placenta in high‐risk women: systematic review and meta‐analysis
No full textObjectives The primary aim of this systematic review was to ascertain whether ultrasound signs suggestive of abnormally invasive placenta (AIP) are present in the first trimester of pregnancy. Secondary aims were to ascertain the strength of association and the predictive accuracy of such signs in detecting AIP in the first trimester.Methods An electronic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane databases (2000-2016) was performed. Only studies reporting on first-trimester diagnosis of AIP that was subsequently confirmed in the third trimester either during operative delivery or by pathological examination were included. Meta-analysis of proportions, random-effects meta-analysis and hierarchical summary receiver-operating characteristics curve analysis were used to analyze the data.Results Seven studies, involving 551 pregnancies at high risk of AIP, were included. At least one ultrasound sign suggestive of AIP was detected in 91.4% (95% CI, 85.8-95.7%) of cases with confirmed AIP. The most common ultrasound feature in the first trimester of pregnancy was low implantation of the gestational sac close to a previous uterine scar, which was observed in 82.4% (95% CI, 46.6-99.8%) of cases. Anechoic spaces within the placental mass (lacunae) were observed in 46.0% (95% CI, 10.9-83.7%) and a reduced myometrial thickness in 66.8% (95% CI, 45.2-85.2%) of cases affected by AIP. Pregnancies with a low implantation of the gestational sac had a significantly higher risk of AIP (odds ratio, 19.6 (95% CI, 6.7-57.3)), with a sensitivity 93.4% (95% CI, 90.5-95.7%), respectively.Conclusions Ultrasound signs of AIP can be present during the first trimester of pregnancy, even before 11 weeks' gestation. Low anterior implantation of the placenta/gestational sac close to or within the scar was the most commonly seen early ultrasound sign suggestive of AIP, although its individual predictive accuracy was not high
Risk factors for abnormally invasive placenta: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Get PDFPurpose of the article. To explore the strength of association between different maternal and pregnancy characteristics and the occurrence of abnormally invasive placenta (AIP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pubmed, Embase, CINAHL databases were searched. The risk factors for AIP explored were: obesity, age > 35 years, smoking before or during pregnancy, placenta previa, prior cesarean section (CS), placenta previa and prior CS, prior uterine surgery, abortion and uterine curettage, in vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancy and interval between a previous CS and a subsequent pregnancy. Random-effect head-to-head meta-analyses were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Forty-six were included in the systematic review. Maternal obesity (Odd ratio, OR: 1.4, 95% CI 1.0-1.8), advanced maternal age (OR: 3.1, 95% CI 1.4-7.0) and parity (OR: 2.5, 95% CI 1.7-3.6), but not smoking were associated with a higher risk of AIP. The presence of placenta previa in women with at least a prior CS was associated with a higher risk of AIP compared to controls, with an OR of 12.0, 95% CI 1.6-88.0. Furthermore, the risk of AIP increased with the number of prior CS (OR of 2.6, 95% CI 1.6-4.4 and 5.4, 95% CI 1.7-17.4 for two and three prior CS respectively). Finally, IVF pregnancies were associated with a high risk of AIP, with an OR of 2.8 (95% CI 1.2-6.8). CONCLUSION: A prior CS and placenta previa are among the strongest risk factors for the occurrence of AIP
Contesting Colonialisms, Contesting Stories : Early Intrusion in East Timor through Portuguese and Dutch Eyes
No full textThe chapter proposes an approach to the study of Timorese historicity that implies crossing archival records from different European languages and subject positions. The question of “how to formulate a Timorese history of Timor” must consider the contribution of early modern Western-authored accounts, in which “indigenous voices” can also often be found. However, a Timor-centered historiography should also not be reduced to European accounts. In the case of Timor-Leste, a full answer to that question, the author proposes, resides in a work of “triangulation of source materials”: triangulation between Portuguese and Dutch written documents; between these and the East Timorese oral record (as this can be retrieved from ritual keepers, such as the lian na’in); or still between the latter and the findings of archaeology and linguistics.</p
First trimester detection of abnormally invasive placenta in women at risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textObjectives The primary aim of this systematic review was to ascertain whether ultrasound signs suggestive of abnormally invasive placenta (AIP) are present in the first trimester of pregnancy. Secondary aims were to ascertain the strength of association and the predictive accuracy of such signs in detecting AIP in the first trimester.
Methods An electronic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane databases (2000-2016) was performed. Only studies reporting on first-trimester diagnosis of AIP that was subsequently confirmed in the third trimester either during operative delivery or by pathological examination were included. Meta-analysis of proportions, random-effects meta-analysis and hierarchical summary receiver-operating characteristics curve analysis were used to analyze the data.
Results Seven studies, involving 551 pregnancies at high risk of AIP, were included. At least one ultrasound sign suggestive of AIP was detected in 91.4% (95% CI, 85.8-95.7%) of cases with confirmed AIP. The most common ultrasound feature in the first trimester of pregnancy was low implantation of the gestational sac close to a previous uterine scar, which was observed in 82.4% (95% CI, 46.6-99.8%) of cases. Anechoic spaces within the placental mass (lacunae) were observed in 46.0% (95% CI, 10.9-83.7%) and a reduced myometrial thickness in 66.8% (95% CI, 45.2-85.2%) of cases affected by AIP. Pregnancies with a low implantation of the gestational sac had a significantly higher risk of AIP (odds ratio, 19.6 (95% CI, 6.7-57.3)), with a sensitivity 93.4% (95% CI, 90.5-95.7%), respectively.
Conclusions Ultrasound signs of AIP can be present during the first trimester of pregnancy, even before 11 weeks' gestation. Low anterior implantation of the placenta/gestational sac close to or within the scar was the most commonly seen early ultrasound sign suggestive of AIP, although its individual predictive accuracy was not high
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