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Political Culture of Madurese Community in Marriage Law: from the Perspective of Utilitarianism and Structuration Theories and Maqasidi Interpretation
Full text linkThis research delves into marriage law of Madurese community seen from the purview of its culture and nature. The practice of such marriage contravenes the formal restrictions of the legislation concerning marriage as ruled by the state. Several facts show that some marriage norms were spoiled, sparking the popularity of sirri (unregistered) marriage which further leads to istbat nikah and underage marriage that triggers an exemption. This research employed a qualitative method by garnering information from the judges of a religious court, kiai (a respected and religious Javanese expert in Islam), and the members of the public. The primary data were collected from data on unregistered marriage and exemption in marriage. The data were reductively analyzed, discovering that, first, the political culture of the marriage in Madurese community is captured in a particular pattern: 1) political administration is a measure taken to manipulate the administrative process; 2) political prevention is defined as a legal objective (maslahah, avoiding the likelihood of sharia violations with the basis of hifdz an-nasb) which is a milestone of a legal politics referred to by people, 3) political family and political culture were shaped by the people’s view believing that securing familial relationships from breaking is far more important than what the legislation regulates, 4) political authority represents the presence of a kiai that works like a shield and an escape thoroughfare from the law of the state for the sake of the tradition; second, 1) from the aspect of utilitarianism, there is a point at which political culture of Madurese community and justice meet, 2) the structuration theory views political culture in Madurese community as inevitability, involving religious roles, public, and legal materials, and 3) within maqasidi scope, a law enforcement is seen as preventive (dar’u al-mafasid) as congruent with the aspect of lawmaking objective.
ACTIO PAULIANA SEBAGAI SALAH SATU UPAYA PERLINDUNGAN TERHADAP KREDITUR BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 4 TAHUN 1998
Full text linkDari permasalahan dan pembahasan mengenai penyelesaian permasalahan Actio Pauliana sebagai salah satu upaya perlindungan terhadap kreditur yang telah diungkapkan pada bab sebelumnya, maka kesimpulan yang dapat diambil adalah sebagai berikut: 1. Dalam Undang-undang kepailitan hasil revisi ini, dapat kita lihat pada prinsipnya Undang-undang Kepailitan berupaya untuk mengakomodasi kepentingan dari seluruh pihak yang terkait dengan dinyatakannya kepailitan atas seorang debitur. Salah satunya, tidak hanya kepentingan dari kreditur preferent, kreditur istimewa dengan hak privilige, melainkan juga kreditur konkuren dan kreditur dengan hak retensi, bentuk perlindungan yang diberikan bagi kreditur oleh Undang-undang Kepailitan yaitu : a. Permohonan pailit atas debitur seketika setelah utang jatuh waktu. Pembekuan harta pailit b. Hak separatis dari kreditur pemegang hak jaminan c. Putusan permohonan pernyataan pailit Actio Pauliana 2. Actio Pauliana dapat dikatakan merupakan terobosan terhadap sifat dasar perjanjian yang hanya berlaku dan mengikat diantara pihak-pihak yang membuatnya ( psl 1340 ayat (1) B.W.). Terobosan yang diatur dalam ketentuan pasal 1341 B.W. tersebut memperoleh ketentuan pelaksanaannya dalam pasal 41-48 Undang-undang Kepailitan. menentukan bahwa setiap kreditur dapat mengajukan pembatalan atas segala perbuatan yang tidak wajib dilakukan oleh debitur dengan nama apapun juga yang merugikan para kreditur sepanjang dapat dibuktikan bahwa ketika perbuatan itu dilakukan baik debitur maupun pihak dengan atau siapa debitur itu berbuat mengetahui bahwa perbuatan itu merugikan para kreditur. Lembaga ini diciptakan untuk melindungi para kreditur agar mereka tidak diperdayai oleh debiturnya, yaitu orang, persekutuan atau badan hukum yang dinyatakan pailit. Adalah tugas kurator untuk mencari tahu apakah debitur yang telah dinyatakan pailit karena kesalahannya atau karena kelalaiannya, telah berusaha menjual, menghibahkan, menjamin, menyewakan, menukarkan atau melakukan tindakan lain dengan maksud untuk memperdayai krediturnya. Menurut pasal 41-42 Undang-undang Kepailitan, syarat-syarat Actio Pauliana yaitu : a. Dilakukan Actio Pauliana tersebut untuk kepentingan harta pailit, b. Adanya perbuatan hukum dan debitur, c. Debitur tersebut telah dinyatakan pailit, d. Perbuatan hukum tersebut merugikan kepentingan kreditur, e. Perbuatan hukum tersebut dilakukan sebelum pernyataan pailit ditetapkan, f. Perbuatan hukum tersebut dilakukan debitur dalam jangka waktu 1 (satu) tahun sebelum pernyataan pailit, g. Kecuali dalam hal-hal berlaku pembuktian terbalik, dapat dibuktikan bahwa pada saat perbuatan hukum tersebut dilakukan, debitur tersebut mengetahui atau sepatutnya mengetahui bahwa perbuatan hukum tersebut akan mengakibatkan kerugian bagi kreditur, h. Kecuali dalam hal-hal berlaku pembuktian terbalik, dapat dibuktikan bahwa pada saat perbuatan hukum tersebut dilakukan pihak dengan siapa perbuatan hukum itu dilakukan mengetahui atau sepatutnya mengetahui bahwa perbuatan hukum tersebut akan mengakibatkan kerugian bagi kreditur, i. Perbuatan hukum tersebut bukan perbuatan hukum yang diwajibkan, yaitu tidak diwajibkan oleh perjanjian atau Undang-undang
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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