353 research outputs found
Mariia: The Chronicle of a Life
No full textLast year, I proposed to complete a translation of Ukrainian author Ulas Samchuk’s novella Mariia. The process of translating and researching has been both more challenging and more rewarding than I anticipated. I completed the translation of the first section of Mariia, along with a research paper discussing the symbolism of the first section
Influence of functionalized nanoparticles of different size, material, and surface properties on cellular machinery
No full textTitle: Influence of functionalized nanoparticles of different sizes, material, and surface properties on cellular machinery Author: Mariia Uzhytchak Department: Department of Optical and Biophysical Systems, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Supervisor: Mgr. Oleg Lunov, PhD., Department of Optical and Biophysical Systems, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Abstract: Last few decades nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as promising tools in the nanomedicine field as theranostic agents. The influence of functionalized nanoparticles with different sizes, material compositions, and surface properties on cellular machinery has attracted significant research interest. Understanding these influences is crucial for the development of safe and effective nanomedicines. This study aims to explore the impact of functionalized nanoparticles on cellular machinery and kinetics. Hereby, the thesis is focused on the importance of gaining knowledge in the field of nanomedicine while considering potential harms associated with nanomaterials application. Keywords: cell culture, cell signaling, cytotoxicity, nanoparticles, drug deliver
Vliv funkcionalizovaných nanočástic různé velikosti, složení a povrchových vlastností na buněčné funkce
No full textNázev: Vliv funkcionalizovaných nanočástic různé velikosti, složení a povrchových vlastností na buněčné funkce Autor: Mariia Uzhytchak Oddělení: Oddělení optických a biofyzikálních systémů, Fyzikální ústav Akademie věd České republiky Vedoucí práce: Mgr. Oleg Lunov, PhD., Oddělení optických a biofyzikálních systémů, Fyzikální ústav Akademie věd České republiky Abstrakt: V posledních několika desetiletích se nanočástice (NP) ukázaly jako perspektivní nástroje v oblasti nanomedicíny jako teranostické agenty. Vliv funkčně modifikovaných nanočástic s různými velikostmi, materiálovým složením a povrchovými vlastnostmi na buněčný aparát přitahuje značný výzkumný zájem. Porozumění těmto vlivům je klíčové pro vývoj bezpečných a účinných nanoléčiv. Tato studie si klade za cíl prozkoumat vliv funkčně modifikovaných nanočástic na buněčný aparát a kinetiku. Práce se zaměřuje na získání znalostí v oblasti nanomedicíny s ohledem na potenciální nežádoucí účinky spojené s aplikací nanomateriálů. Klíčová slova: kultivace buněk, buněčné signalizace, cytotoxicita, nanočástice, doručování léčivTitle: Influence of functionalized nanoparticles of different sizes, material, and surface properties on cellular machinery Author: Mariia Uzhytchak Department: Department of Optical and Biophysical Systems, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Supervisor: Mgr. Oleg Lunov, PhD., Department of Optical and Biophysical Systems, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Abstract: Last few decades nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as promising tools in the nanomedicine field as theranostic agents. The influence of functionalized nanoparticles with different sizes, material compositions, and surface properties on cellular machinery has attracted significant research interest. Understanding these influences is crucial for the development of safe and effective nanomedicines. This study aims to explore the impact of functionalized nanoparticles on cellular machinery and kinetics. Hereby, the thesis is focused on the importance of gaining knowledge in the field of nanomedicine while considering potential harms associated with nanomaterials application. Keywords: cell culture, cell signaling, cytotoxicity, nanoparticles, drug deliveryMatematicko-fyzikální fakultaFaculty of Mathematics and Physic
Mikrostruktura a vlastnosti lehké slitiny AZ31 připravené plynulým odléváním mezi válce
No full textNázev práce: Mikrostruktura a vlastnosti lehké slitiny AZ31 připravené plynulým odléváním mezi válce Autor: Mariia Zimina Abstrakt: Mikrostruktura hořčíkové slitiny AZ31 připravená metodou plynulého odlévání mezi válce byla studována pomocí světelné a elektronové mikroskopie a mikroskopie atomárních sil a byl testován vliv zvýšené teploty na výslednou mikrostrukturu materiálu. Mechanické vlastnosti byly zkoumány měřením mikrotvrdosti a tahovými zkouškami při relativně nízké rychlosti deformace 10-3 s-1 . Výsledky ukazují, že tažnost studovaného materiálu roste s rostoucí teplotou deformace, avšak v okolí 200 řC se tažnost plynule odlévaného materiálu značně snížila. Tento efekt byl pozorován i u konvenčně odlitého materiálu a je pravděpodobně způsoben změnou deformačního mechanismu indikovaného při této teplotě. Dále byly studovány změny mikrostruktury a mechanických vlastností způsobené intenzivní plastickou deformací. Materiál byl deformován metodou pravoúhlého protlačování rovnostrannými kanály, což vedlo ke značnému zjemnění velikosti zrn a zvýraznění počáteční bazální textury, která je však při následném žíhání téměř zcela potlačena. Poprvé byla také úspěšně použita metoda lisování asymetrickou rýhovanou matricí na stejné slitině. Výsledkem bylo opět zjemnění velikosti zrn, výrazný nárůst mikrotvrdosti...Title: Microstructure and mechanical properties of lightweight structural AZ31 alloy prepared by twin-roll casting method Author: Mariia Zimina Abstract: Microstructure of AZ31 twin-roll cast magnesium alloy was studied using light optical, electron and atomic force microscopy. The effect of annealing temperature on the microstructure was tested. Mechanical properties of a thin magnesium strip were investigated by means of microhardness tests and tensile tests at a relatively low strain rate 10-3 s-1 . Results show that the ductility of the twin roll cast strip increases with increasing deformation temperature, however, a remarkable decrease was observed at about 200 řC. This effect appears also in a conventionally cast ingot of a master alloy and is caused by a change of a deformation mode occurring at this temperature. Moreover, the effect of severe plastic deformation on the microstructure and mechanical properties was studied. Equal channel angular pressing was applied on magnesium strip samples and lead to a significant grain refinement accompanied by an unfavorable strengthening of the initial basal texture, which is effectively suppressed by a subsequent annealing. A constrained groove pressing was for the first time successfully applied on AZ31 twin-roll cast strip leading to an increase of...Katedra fyziky kondenzovaných látekDepartment of Condensed Matter PhysicsFaculty of Mathematics and PhysicsMatematicko-fyzikální fakult
Microstructure and mechanical properties of lightweight structural AZ31 alloy prepared by twin-roll casting method.
No full textTitle: Microstructure and mechanical properties of lightweight structural AZ31 alloy prepared by twin-roll casting method Author: Mariia Zimina Abstract: Microstructure of AZ31 twin-roll cast magnesium alloy was studied using light optical, electron and atomic force microscopy. The effect of annealing temperature on the microstructure was tested. Mechanical properties of a thin magnesium strip were investigated by means of microhardness tests and tensile tests at a relatively low strain rate 10-3 s-1 . Results show that the ductility of the twin roll cast strip increases with increasing deformation temperature, however, a remarkable decrease was observed at about 200 řC. This effect appears also in a conventionally cast ingot of a master alloy and is caused by a change of a deformation mode occurring at this temperature. Moreover, the effect of severe plastic deformation on the microstructure and mechanical properties was studied. Equal channel angular pressing was applied on magnesium strip samples and lead to a significant grain refinement accompanied by an unfavorable strengthening of the initial basal texture, which is effectively suppressed by a subsequent annealing. A constrained groove pressing was for the first time successfully applied on AZ31 twin-roll cast strip leading to an increase of..
Quality of care provided to patients with a stoma
No full text1 Abstrakt Autor: Mariia-Luiza Tarasiuk Instituce: Ústav nelékařských studií LF UK v Hradci Králové Název práce: Kvalita poskytované péče u pacientů se stomií Vedoucí práce: Mgr. Dana Vaňková Počet stran: 99 Počet příloh: 2 Rok obhajoby: 2024 Klíčová slova: stomie, kolostomie, ileostomie, urostomie, kvalita ošetřovatelské péče, stomické pomůcky Bakalářská práce se zabývá kvalitou poskytované péče pacientům se stomií. V teoretické části byla uvedena základní fakta týkající se anatomie a fyziologie gastrointestinálního traktu a onemocnění vyžadujících chirurgický zákrok v podobě vytvoření umělého vývodu orgánu. Byly objasněny druhy stomií - kolostomie, ileostomie, urostomie a v souvislosti s nimi byla přiblížena specifika péče o pacienty, kteří prošli tímto zákrokem. Pozornost byla věnována jejich edukaci zaměřené na fyzickou i psychickou přípravu před zákrokem a v průběhu hospitalizace, jež jim byla poskytována ze strany zdravotního personálu, tzn. lékaře a stomické sestry (stomasestry). Informace se týkaly i sebepéče po ukončení hospitalizace s důrazem na správné používání stomických pomůcek. Empirická část obsahuje vyhodnocení kvantitativního výzkumného šetření realizovaného metodikou dotazníkového šetření. Otázky v dotazníku zjišťovaly, jak respondenti hodnotí poskytovanou péči a informovanost v nemocnici...1 Abstract Author: Mariia-Luiza Tarasiuk Institution: Department of Non-medical Studies, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Hradec Králové Title: Quality of Care Provided to Patients with a Stoma Supervisor: Mgr. Dana Vaňková Number of pages: 99 Number of appendices: 2 Year of defense: 2024 Keywords: stoma, colostomy, ileostomy, urostomy, quality of nursing care, stoma appliances The thesis deals with the quality of care provided to patients with a stoma. The theoretical part states basic facts regarding the anatomy and physiology of the gastrointestinal tract and diseases requiring surgical intervention in the form of creating an artificial organ outlet. The types of stomas - colostomy, ileostomy, urostomy were explained, and in the connection with those, the specifics of care for patients who have undergone this procedure were discussed. Attention was paid to their education focused on physical and psychological preparation before the procedure and during hospitalization, which was provided by the medical staff, meaning doctors and stoma nurses. The information also concerned self-care after the end of hospitalization, with emphasis on the correct use of stoma appliances. The empirical part contains the evaluation of quantitative research conducted using the survey methodology. The questions in...Department of Non - Medical StudiesÚstav nelékařských studiíLékařská fakulta v Hradci KrálovéFaculty of Medicine in Hradec Králov
Гістологічне вивчення впливу бактерійних лізатів на стан періодонтальної тканини в експериментальному періодонтиті у щурів
No full textThe aim of the research: to experimentally study at the histological and morphological level the degree of the corrective effect of bacterial lysate of the disturbed non-specific defense of the body on the model of periodontitis based on the Central Research Laboratory of the National University of Pharmacy.
Materials and methods: prospective study has been conducted on experimental periodontitis in 42 rats for 90 days. The animals were treated with «Respibron» and the reference drug «Imudon». Histological and morphometric studies were carried out according to standard methods. Micropreparations were viewed under a Granum DCM 310 digital video camera. All interventions and euthanasia of animals were carried out in compliance with the European principles.
Results: by the end of 90 days of experimental periodontitis at the local level in the homogenate of animal gum tissue compensatory mechanisms are depleted and differed from the norm by 397 times. The dynamics of the studied morphometric and histological parameters of "Respibron" was similar to the "Imudon", but the magnitude of destruction was less pronounced and differed at the end of the experiment by 17.2 times in comparison with the intact control, and in the control group the results improved by 23.1 times.
Conclusion: the obtained data from the study indicate a high decompensation of experimental periodontitis. It is characterized by the formation of periodontal pockets and inflammatory bone loss. The magnitude of destruction differed from the norm by 397 times. Applying of bacterial lysates led to the compensation of bacterial dysbiosis, restoration of the tissues of paradont. The therapeutic effect of "Respibron" can be assessed as more powerful in comparison with "Imudon" in terms of the studied morphometric and histological parameters: the magnitude of improvement "Respibron" was 3.72 times higher than the indicators of "Imudon". We should continue the study of experimental periodontitis as mechanisms of development, protection, and restoration of tissues under conditions of pharmacological correction by bacterial lysate "Respibron"Цель исследования: экспериментально изучить на гистологическом и морфологическом уровне степень корригирующего действия бактериального лизата нарушенной неспецифической защиты организма на модели пародонтита на базе Центральной научно-исследовательской лаборатории Национального фармацевтического университета.
Материалы и методы. Проведено исследование экспериментального пародонтита у 42 крыс в течение 90 дней с применением препаратов «Респиброн» и препарата сравнения «Имудон». Гистологические и морфометрические исследования проводили по стандартным методикам. Микропрепараты просматривали под цифровой видеокамерой Granum DCM 310. Все вмешательства и эвтаназия животных проводились с соблюдением европейских принципов.
Результаты. К концу 90-го дня экспериментального пародонтита на местном уровне в гомогенате тканей десен животных компенсаторные механизмы исчерпаны и отличаются от нормы в 397 раз. Динамика исследуемых морфометрических и гистологических показателей препарата «Респиброн» была аналогична «Имудону», но величина деструкции была менее выражена и различалась в конце эксперимента в 17,2 раза по сравнению с интактным контролем и в контрольной группе результаты улучшились в 23,1 раза.
Выводы: полученные данные свидетельствуют о высокой декомпенсации экспериментального пародонтита. Он характеризуется образованием пародонтальных карманов и воспалительной потерей костной массы. Величина разрушения отличалась от нормы в 397 раз. Применение бактериальных лизатов привело к компенсации бактериального дисбиоза, восстановлению тканей пародонта. Лечебный эффект «Респиброна» более мощный по сравнению с «Имудоном» по изученным морфометрическим и гистологическим показателям: степень улучшения «Респиброна» в 3,72 раза превышала показатели «Имудона». Следует продолжить изучение экспериментального пародонтита как механизмов развития, защиты и восстановления тканей в условиях фармакологической коррекции бактериальным лизатом «Респиброн»Мета дослідження: експериментально вивчити на гістологічному та морфологічному рівні ступінь коригуючого дії бактеріального лизата порушеною неспецифічного захисту організму на моделі пародонтиту на базі Центральної науково-дослідної лабораторії Національного фармацевтичного університету.
Матеріали та методи. Проведено дослідження експериментального пародонтиту у 42 щурів протягом 90 днів із застосуванням препаратів «Респіброн» і препарату порівняння «Імудон». Гістологічні та морфометричні дослідження проводили за стандартними методиками. Мікропрепарати переглядали під цифровою відеокамерою Granum DCM 310. Всі втручання і евтаназія тварин проводилися з дотриманням європейських принципів.
Результати. До кінця 90-го дня експериментального пародонтиту на місцевому рівні в гомогенате тканин ясен тварин компенсаторні механізми вичерпані і відрізняються від норми в 397 разів. Динаміка досліджуваних морфометричних і гістологічних показників препарату «Респіброн» була аналогічна «Імудон», але величина деструкції була менш виражена і розрізнялася в кінці експерименту в 17,2 рази в порівнянні з інтактним контролем і в контрольній групі результати покращилися в 23,1 рази.
Висновки: отримані дані свідчать про високу декомпенсації експериментального пародонтиту. Він характеризується утворенням пародонтальних кишень і запальної втратою кісткової маси. Величина руйнування відрізнялася від норми в 397 разів. Застосування бактеріальних лізатів призвело до компенсації бактеріального дисбіозу, відновленню тканин пародонта. Лікувальний ефект «Респіброна» більш потужний у порівнянні з «Імудоном» по вивченим морфометричних і гістологічним показниками: ступінь поліпшення «Респіброна» в 3,72 рази перевищувала показники «Имудона». Слід продовжити вивчення експериментального пародонтиту як механізмів розвитку, захисту та відновлення тканин в умовах фармакологічної корекції бактеріальним лізатів «Респіброн
Quality of care provided to patients with a stoma
No full text1 Abstract Author: Mariia-Luiza Tarasiuk Institution: Department of Non-medical Studies, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Hradec Králové Title: Quality of Care Provided to Patients with a Stoma Supervisor: Mgr. Dana Vaňková Number of pages: 99 Number of appendices: 2 Year of defense: 2024 Keywords: stoma, colostomy, ileostomy, urostomy, quality of nursing care, stoma appliances The thesis deals with the quality of care provided to patients with a stoma. The theoretical part states basic facts regarding the anatomy and physiology of the gastrointestinal tract and diseases requiring surgical intervention in the form of creating an artificial organ outlet. The types of stomas - colostomy, ileostomy, urostomy were explained, and in the connection with those, the specifics of care for patients who have undergone this procedure were discussed. Attention was paid to their education focused on physical and psychological preparation before the procedure and during hospitalization, which was provided by the medical staff, meaning doctors and stoma nurses. The information also concerned self-care after the end of hospitalization, with emphasis on the correct use of stoma appliances. The empirical part contains the evaluation of quantitative research conducted using the survey methodology. The questions in..
Study of influence of bacterial lysate on cytokine indicators in experimental periodontis in rats
No full textThe aim of the research: to optimize the treatment of patients with a disturbed cytokine profile by a bacterial lysate in an experimental model of periodontitis against the background of changes in the local and systemic immune response.
Materials and methods: prospective study has been conducted on experimental periodontitis in 42 rats for 90 days. The animals were treated by solution of «Respibron» and the reference drug «Imudon». The concentration of cytokines in the blood serum was determined by the enzyme immunoassay, circulating immune complexes – precipitation method is measured on a spectrophotometer, C-reactive protein – using a latex diagnosticum. All interventions and euthanasia of animals were carried out in compliance with the European principles.
Results: the obtained data from the study indicate a high degree a state of decompensation of experimental periodontitis. An immuno-inflammatory reaction preceding periodontitis is accompanied by the disturbances of the cytokine balance, local and systemic immune response. Applying of bacterial lysates led to the compensation of bacterial dysbiosis, restoration of the balance of the activity of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and a decrease the hyperactivity of immunological markers.
Conclusion: the studies carried out have shown that the use of bacterial lysate is a pathogenetically substantiated component of therapeutic tactics. The normalizing effect of the lysate on the parameters of the immune response and cytokine profile has been reliably shown. Considering the immuno-inflammatory reaction at the experimental periodontitis, accompanied by the cytokine imbalance, study the pharmacological correction by bacterial lysate should continue from the point of view of establishing the mechanisms of development, protection, and restoration of tissues.
It has been proved that by the end of the 90-day period of observation of the course of experimental periodontitis, the power of natural compensatory mechanisms acquired a state of decompensation. It has manifested by increased pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β in 1.7 times, and TNF-α in 3 times, decreased anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in 1.6 times; increased the concentration of CIC in the blood in 2 times, C-reactive protein in 4.4 times at the local level in the gum tissue homogenate of the control pathology group of animals.
The powerful corrective effect of bacterial lysates «Respibron» and «Imudon» on the indicators of the cytokine series on the model of chronic experimental periodontitis has been reliably established. The normalizing effect is due to the compensation of bacterial dysbiosis, restoration of the balance of the activity of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and a decrease in the hyperactivity of immunological markers.
The therapeutic effect of «Respibron» (bacterial lysate of 13 strains of microorganisms) can be assessed as expressive and more powerful in comparison with «Imudon».
The obtained results make it possible to continue the study of the course of experimental periodontitis from the point of view of establishing the mechanisms of development, protection, and restoration of tissues under conditions of pharmacological correction with bacterial lysate «Respibron»
President of Crimea. Constitution : Author(s) Autonomous Republic of Xena-Maria
No full textIn this essay, two voices are heared, from two women: a certain artist Xena, who talks about her life and its dramas, interwoven with her own experiences from her diaries; and the voice of Maria, who analyzes Xena's life story and her art, diffracted through the prim of the history of 21stC art. Art the outset, "President of Crimea. Constitution", announces its author as Xena-Maria; but it is not yet clear whether the author is one person or two, nor who they are. Is it Maria who writes here, or Xena, or both? Or are they one and the same person? But at the end of the story, which is told rather in a form of certain legends and fairy tales, Maria and Xena turn into one whole, and meaningfully put an ellipsis after the words "to be continued". This reception was specially intended by the artist Maria Kulikovska, author of this essay, in order to protect both herself and the reader from possible persecutions by migration services and goverment officials of various countries, especially Russia. Also, for her it is an opportunity to step aside and analyze her own life and art form a third person, about which, perhaps, a fictional character from her childhood talks - a sensible step for Maria Kulikovska. The step that her creative language conceptually continues is to replicate casts of her own body and establish them in different spaces and contexts. So she fairly confuses the viewer as to where is the truth, and where is fiction; where is herself, and where is her clone - only now, here, she has applied the same trick in her text. This essay tells a very personal story of the life of a human body, a migrant woman in forced relocation, displacements, alienation and persecutions for her views on life and the conduct of society, and for her moral values expressed throught architecture, sculpture, drawings, performances, actions and public statements. Through the prism of geopolitical upheavals, it tells the artist's own story: How her analysis of own body position and boundaries helped her overcome stigma regarding the body of a woman from Eastern Europe, and how art can save and redeem in an unending inner drama.
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