654 research outputs found
Political participation in Jordan: the impact of party and tribal loyalties since 1989
No full textIn the light of the internal and regional crises in the 1980s, Jordan found itself under pressure, and various ideological and political factors pushed the country towards political reform. As a result, Jordan has undergone several transformations, and a certain degree of political liberalization has made political participation the main objective of the Jordanian political system and its various institutions. This development in turn has required participation of all segments of the society, including political parties, minorities, and women. This participation demonstrates how far the political system has been liberalized. Therefore, nobody can argue that there is no political participation in Jordan. However, important questions remain. What is the form of this participation? What is its scale? What factors influence political participation, and what are its main objectives? Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the issue of political participation in Jordan. In particular, it investigated the impact of party and tribal loyalties on political participation in Jordan since 1989. This is undertaken through examining the basic forms of political participation, particularly participation in parliamentary elections. Accordingly, this study is divided into two main parts. The first part aims to shed light on the historical development of Jordanian parliament, electoral laws and systems, and political parties' participation and in addition to examine these in context of the socio-economic, political, and cultural environment. The second part was carried out through a survey involving the distribution of 400 questionnaires to five groups of political elite in Jordan. It is concluded in this study that despite the fact that political parties in Jordan date back to the establishment of the state in 1921, the social relations of kinship and the tribe are still dominant and constitute the main motives for Jordanians to participate in parliamentary elections. Several factors explain this, but it is argued here that the most important is legislations, particularly the emergency laws which have heavily restricted political freedoms and activities
Mada'in Salih, a Nabataean town in north west Arabia: analysis and interpretation of the excavation 1986-1990
No full textThis research concerns Mada'in Salih, an archaeological site in north-west Saudi Arabia. Historically, it was part of the Nabataean kingdom which flourished in northwest Arabia (Jordan, parts of Syria, Palestine and some parts of Saudi Arabia), with Petra in Jordan as its capital. The Nabataeans were famous for their trading role, as they transported frankincense and myrrh and exported balsam and bitumen. They built monumental tombs in Petra and Mada'in Salih as well as other public buildings such as temples theatres and baths. They were also famous for their skills in hydraulic engineering and the production of very thin, distinctively painted pottery. Mada'in Salih was an important station on the trade route which linked south Arabia with Mediterranean countries. The main feature of the site is the monumental tombs, which are about eighty in number, some of them dated and bearing inscriptions. Those inscriptions are in Aramaic and usually contain information about the owner name, legal rights, and occasionally the mason's name. Little was known about the site's history and other aspects such as the economy, culture, society and religions prior to the excavation. Various questions were raised which the thesis attempts to address. The archaeological work conducted on the site included a survey, several trenches around the town wall and in front of some of the tombs as well as an excavation in the settlement area. The excavation revealed a private house which furnished us with information regarding house planning, building techniques and materials. A large amount of pottery, small finds and coins were recovered, studied and classified. The results added some information to what was already known about the Nabataeans in general and Mada'in Salih in particular. The site had witnessed its peak during the first century A.D. As most previous archaeological work had been carried out in the northern parts of the Nabataean kingdom, the results of this excavation are important for comparative studies between this, the largest Nabataean settlement centre in the south, to the centres of the north. The trade which had been an important factor in the establishment of the site declined when the trade route was shifted from land to sea by the Romans during the last half of the first century A.D
The Role of Empathy and Relationship Quality in Building Customer Loyalty in Community Pharmacies: Evidence from Jordan
No full textالهدف: يستكشف هذا البحث كيف يؤثر تعاطف الصيدلي على ولاء العملاء من خلال الدور الوسيط لجودة العلاقة في الصيدليات المجتمعية.
المنهجية: تم إجراء دراسة مقطعية باستخدام استبانة عبر الإنترنت وأخذ عينات مريحة في الأردن. تم تحليل البيانات باستخدام نمذجة المعادلات الهيكلية.
النتائج: تم جمع وتحليل ما مجموعه 536 استجابة من جميع مناطق الأردن. كان توزيع الجنس متوازنًا، حيث كان هناك 261 ذكراً (48.7%) و275 أنثى (51.3%). كانت الفئة العمرية الأكثر تركيزاً هي من 35 إلى 44 عامًا (29.3%)، تلتها الفئة من 25 إلى 34 عامًا (25.6%). معظم المشاركين كانوا من ذوي التعليم العالي حيث حصل 323 منهم (60.3%) على درجة البكالوريوس أو أعلى من المؤهلات الأكاديمية (19.0%). الأغلبية يزورون الصيدليات مرة واحدة على الأقل كل ستة أشهر (50.6%)، ويستخدمون بشكل رئيسي الصيدليات المجتمعية المستقلة (52.1%). تبرز نتائج الدراسة تأثيرًا إيجابيًا كبيرًا لتعاطف الصيدلي على الأبعاد الثلاثة الرئيسية لجودة العلاقة بين الصيدلي والمريض (الثقة، والرضا، والالتزام). علاوة على ذلك، تم العثور على علاقة إيجابية كبيرة بين أبعاد جودة العلاقة وأبعاد ولاء العملاء (الولاء السلوكي والولاء التوجهي).
الخلاصة: تسلط نتائجنا الضوء على الدور المركزي لتعاطف الصيدلي في إنشاء علاقة قوية ودائمة بين الصيدلي والمريض، مما يعزز ولاء المستهلكين، وهو أمر ضروري للنجاح والبقاء في السوق التنافسية الحالية.Aim: This study explores how pharmacist empathy influences customer loyalty through the mediating role of relationship quality in community pharmacies.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study utilizing a web-based questionnaire and convenience sampling was conducted in Jordan. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).
Results: A total of 536 responses were gathered and analyzed from all Jordanian regions. The gender distribution was balanced, with 261 males (48.7%) and 275 females (51.3%). The age distribution was concentrated in the 35-44 age group (29.3%), followed by 25-34 (25.6%). The majority had a high level of education, with 323 (60.3%) holding a Bachelor's degree or higher academic qualification (19.0%). Most participants visited pharmacies at least once every six months (50.6%), primarily using independent community pharmacies (52.1%). The study findings highlight a significant positive impact of pharmacist empathy on the three key dimensions of pharmacist-patient relationship quality (trust, satisfaction, and commitment). Furthermore, a significant positive relationship was found between the relationship quality dimensions and both customer loyalty dimensions (attitudinal and behavioral loyalty).
Conclusion: The study findings highlight the central role of pharmacist empathy in establishing a strong and enduring pharmacist-patient relationship quality, which in turn, enhance consumers loyalty, which is essential for thriving and surviving in today's competitive market
Interviews with Muhammad Jamal Amr
No full textهذه المقابلة مع مؤلف أدب الأطفال و الشاعر الأردني محمد جمال عمرو يتحدث عن مجلة للأطفال صدرت في الأردن بعنوان ""أروى"". يسلط الضوء على المعايير الأساسية التي يجب إتباعها عند كتابة قصائد للأطفال ، علاوة على ذلك ، يروي بعض النماذج من قصائده. أجرى المقابلة حسن شمس الدين.In this interview, Jordanian author of children books Muhammad Jamal Amr speaks about ""Arwa"" magazine published in Jordan and highlights standards for writing children poems.. The interview was conducted by Hasan Shams al-Din
Intellectual property laws and Islam in Malaysia.
No full textPhDThis study is undertaken on the premise that Islam and Islamic law is to be taken into
serious consideration in any future legislative reform of laws in Malaysia. Islam being
the religion of the country and the strong religious sentiment of the Muslims (who
form the majority in Malaysia) cannot be overlooked or dismissed lightly by the
legislators in Malaysia. Reformation of intellectual property laws is timely, as we are
now approaching to the dateline set by GATF-Trips agreement which aim is to
improve our standard of intellectual property protection. This study seeks to analyze
and evaluate the current legislation pertaining to intellectual property in Malaysia in
terms of the philosophy and rules governing the existence, ownership and exercise of
these rights and their consistency and inconsistency with Islam and Islamic law. The
main objective of this study is to prove that a coherent and logical conceptual
framework of ownership of intellectual property can be derived from an Islamic
perspective which not only offers the basis of rights but also defines the scope of
these rights. From the point of ownership of rights, support can be obtained from the
normative framework of property rights within the traditional classification of 'mal'
(property) and 'haqq al-milkiyyah' (ownership rights) under Islamic law. From the
point of exercise of rights, the exact scope can be defined from the analysis of
fundamental concepts which have been developed by Muslim jurists. It has been
established that Islam and Islamic law offers a sound and systematic paradigm, which
in deeper analysis, can satisfy both our current obligations under international
treatises, as well as our responsibility to practise our religion to the fullest
The Cultural Image of the Monarch in Jordan
No full textKing of France, Luis IV said “I am the state”. The rulers of Jordan could repeat that phrase because their country is unique. It is one of a few states holding the name of the ruling family. Like the neighboring Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Jordan was created by members of a family after which the country is named. The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan – this is its full name, was created and ruled by the Hashemites, direct descendants of the Prophet Muhammad. Monarchs from the Hashemite dynasty have left a distinct mark on the state and people living in it. They adopted certain elements of the local culture and carved a unified, albeit somewhat artificial version out of them. Who are they? How did they achieve it? How are they presented? What is Jordanian culture? And finally, what is the cultural image of monarch of Jordan? These are the questions that the author will try to answer in this paper.King of France, Luis IV said “I am the state”. The rulers of Jordan could repeat that phrase because their country is unique. It is one of a few states holding the name of the ruling family. Like the neighboring Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Jordan was created by members of a family after which the country is named. The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan – this is its full name, was created and ruled by the Hashemites, direct descendants of the Prophet Muhammad. Monarchs from the Hashemite dynasty have left a distinct mark on the state and people living in it. They adopted certain elements of the local culture and carved a unified, albeit somewhat artificial version out of them. Who are they? How did they achieve it? How are they presented? What is Jordanian culture? And finally, what is the cultural image of monarch of Jordan? These are the questions that the author will try to answer in this paper
Exploring the Evolution of the Political Thought of Imamate Shiism during the Mamluk Age: Faqih Muhammad Jamaluddin al-Makki al-Amili in 786 AH (1384 AD) as an Example
No full textالأهداف: تبحث هذه الدراسة في شكل العلاقة السياسية بين السلطة المملوكية والمكون الشيعي الإمامي. كما تهدف إلى بيان أثر فكر الفقيه الشيعي محمد بن مكي الجزيني العاملي وحركته على هذه العلاقة من جهة وعلى المذهب الشيعي الإمامي من جهة أخرى.
المنهجية: اعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج التاريخي التحليلي لبيان طبيعة حركة ابن مكي وتطورها ومصيرها وآثارها وتقييمها، وذلك من خلال جمع الروايات على اختلاف مصادرها السنية والشيعية وتحليلها ونقدها والحكم عليها.
النتائج: كشفت الدراسة أن الدولة المملوكية كان لها دور كبير في وضع معيقات عدة في وجه حركة ابن مكي كانت سببًا في إحباطها. كما بينت الدراسة أن الدولة تشددت في التصدي لحركات المذهب الشيعي الإمامي بدليل طريقة تعاملها مع هذه الحركة، إلا أن هذا لم يقلل من أثرها على المذهب الشيعي الإمامي.
الخلاصة: خلصت الدراسة إلى أنه بالرغم من تصدي الدولة المملوكية لحركة ابن مكي، فقد كان لها دور هام في نشأة المذهب الشيعي الإمامي وتطوره سياسيًا واستقلاله وفي وضع بذور نظرية ولاية الفقيه الشيعية.Objectives: This study investigates the political relationship between the Mamluk authorities and Imamate Shiites. It also aims to shed light on the influence of Faqih Muhammad Jamaluddin al-Makki al-Amili’s political thought on this relationship, on the one hand, and Imamate Shiism, on the other.
Methods: The study relies on the analytical-historical method to show the nature, evolution, fate, influences, and evaluation of Ibn Makki’s movement. As a result, it utilizes several (both Sunni and Shiite) narratives of the movement. More importantly, it analyzes, critiques, and evaluates such narratives.
Results: The study shows that the Mamluk state played a significant role in creating several impediments in the face of Ibn Makki’s movement that eventually led to its suppression. The study also shows that the state strongly dealt with the movements of Imamate Shiism, but that did not lessen its impact on Imamate Shiism.
Conclusions: The study concludes that despite the Mamluk state’s crackdown on Ibn Makki’s movement, the movement significantly contributed to the establishment, political evolution, and independence of Imamate Shiism and to laying the foundations for the Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist (Wilāyat al-Faqīh)
The effect of Asset Impairment (IAS 36) in Improving the Quality of Accounting Information According to Users’ Perspective: Evidence from Jordan
No full textPurpose: The main purpose of this study is to investigate from the users' perspective the influence of adopting IAS 36 'impairment of assets' on accounting information in Jordan and to ascertain the extent to which impairment application can affect users’ decisions. In other words, this study aims to elicit perceptions regarding the motivations and techniques of using impairment loss to discover its effect and role in improving the quality (qualitative characteristics) of accounting information and its impact on the financial statements of users, to assist them in the decision-making process; it also aims to discover whether impairment loss is considered a tool for increasing the credibility of accounting information or a tool for manipulation. To explore the relevance (applicability) of international accounting standards to developing countries such as Jordan is a topic of significant interest amongst accounting information users.
Methodology/Approach/Research Questions: This thesis uses a multi-method approach; quantitative and qualitative approaches are both used to collect primary data concerning the 'impairment of assets' phenomenon. Questionnaire and interview surveys are used to explore the motivations and techniques of 'impairment of assets' in Jordan by obtaining the perceptions of respondents. Semi-structured interviews are used to elicit a better understanding of the research questions, confirming and elaborating on the questionnaire survey findings and supporting the development of the hypotheses. The triangulation of findings enables a comprehensive appreciation of the research topic and minimises the possibility of bias resulting from the use of a single method.
Analysis and Findings: The first findings are the agreement of the six groups of accounting information users regarding the importance of IAS 36 application, also indicate that there is a significant statistical difference among the respondents' opinions particularly between academics and other groups which indicates that academics were more aware of the importance of applying 'impairment of assets' than the other five groups. A plausible explanation for this result is that academics are more aware that impairment loss depends on market value (fair) instead of historic value, which is more convenient but less reliable.
The main conclusion reached through questionnaire and interview survey is the positive impact of 'impairment of assets' on the quality of accounting information according to users' perspective in Jordan. which means there is an impact of impairment on the quality of accounting information, and we assert this finding through correlation that impairment loss depend on market value (fair) instead of historic value, which is more convenient but less reliable .
The second finding reveals that two groups of respondents (Accountants and Investors) see impairment as a tool for manipulation. These two groups have similar views that impairment application is considered a technique used to manipulate illegally, in order for managers to achieve their own goals, such as increased compensation (salary), to declare a reasonable profit and avoid a loss, to obtain loans, and to raise share prices. These results can be attributed to scientific knowledge they have about advantages of the application of this standard. Furthermore, interview findings indicate that 68% of all respondents amongst all groups agreed that impairment improves the reliability and credibility of financial reports in Jordan.
One of the most important results from the respondents’ views is that impairment announcements provide new information to the market and assist the users to change or modify their decisions. However, interviews showed that investors and accountants have a different view of impairment application, considering it as bad news (weak company), all of these findings will be generalized for developing countries, also will be helpful for developed countries.
Research limitations/implications: These findings could be fruitful and helpful for external users of accounting reports and also for regulators and legislators in their attempts to constrain the incidence of earnings management and to enhance the quality of accounting information. The interview sample was quite small (only 14) since some interviewees in developing countries do not like to have their opinions tape-recorded or become worried if notes are taken by devices during the interview as it appears like an interrogation to them. Moreover, in the questionnaire survey, only 324 out of 749 were returned, since access to respondents (Elements sample) was very difficult as they do not stay in the same place. In terms of secondary data, a lack of disclosure limited this study regarding the variables.
Contribution: Very few studies concerned with 'impairment of assets' have been conducted on data obtained from financial reports in developed countries. Thus, a different perspective could be obtained from developing countries such as Jordan, which is different in numerous respects, and this will enhance IAS application and provide an accurate picture of impairment practices. Moreover, this study contributes to the literature by employing qualitative and quantitative methods that have not received attention in relation to the effect of monitoring mechanisms
Conflict of law and the methodology of Tarjīẖ : a study in Islamic legal theory
No full textIslamic law never achieved unity but expressed itself in, at least, four surviving schools. More interestingly, contemporary Muslim communities are still divided among themselves on a number of issues related to their laws. This work describes how problem of legal conflicts have been tackled by Muslim jurists. It is an attempt to examine closely the phenomenon of conflict in Islamic law from the standpoint of usūl-al-fiqh or Islamic legal theory. In fact, much is heard nowadays of the contradiction in the body of Islamic law. Whilst in contrast, little is presented in terms of the methodology of removing this conflict. The present work therefore, attempts to redress this balance. The emphasis of the work will be concerned primarily with tarjīh methodology ; how to give preference to one piece of evidence or argument over the other when they conflict. Nevertheless, considerable concern is given to investigating the background to the conflict of law in the Shari'ah.
This study of a neglected area in Islamic legal scholarship will be an important source of reference to students, both practising and theoretical jurists or to anyone who merely wishes to increase his knowledge of legal themes, particularly legal conflict. The very aim of the work is to argue that conflict is a natural and unavoidable consequence of legal study because legal conflict is only conflicting principles and arguments adduced by both the classical and modern jurists to reach what is actually intended by God in the target case. Therefore, conflicts are inevitable in most of the cases in fiqh owing to the variety of principles set out to deal with one piece of legal evidence, let alone with all the pieces of legal evidence in question.
Tarjīh is therefore, an important and workable instrument in the re-examination of these conflicts and in arriving at the most accurate principle for establishing the law for as long as this is possible. It is hoped that the discovery of new facts and the increase of knowledge which results from the broadening and deepening of the research will positively contribute to the process of unification of Islamic law
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