104,661 research outputs found
Labeling the spinal cord with anti-iba-1.
No full textPanel A: Representative images taken from the L5 spinal cord. For the overview figures, scale bar = 100 μm. For the insight figures exhibiting iba-1 immunoreactivity in the contralateral VH, scale bar = 20 μm. For the insight figures showing the morphology of microglial cells, scale bar = 5 μm. Panel B: Quantifying iba-1-positive microglial cell numbers contralaterally and ipsilaterally in the VH. n = 5 for each group. Bar graphs with error bars represent the mean ± SD. One-way ANOVA was used to compare between groups, while a paired t‑test was used to compare the contralateral side and the ipsilateral side. On the contralesional side, control vs. MCAO-7d, **p p p < 0.05.</p
Commercial radio in Britain before the 1990's: an investigation of the relationship between programming and regulation.
No full textToday's British commercial radio environment consists of over three hundred local, regional and national radio stations. Many operate a concentrated music format,
designed to meet the demands of a defined target audience. This is in contrast to the commercial radio model in existence between 1973 and 1990, where local stations were
required, as part oftheir contract, to broadcast speech-based programming, in addition to music, to a wider audience profile. One reason for speech programming on commercial stations was the strict regulation laid down by the Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA). Regulatory policy coupled with societal and political changes had a major influence on the creation of programme output from 1973, when commercial radio was established, until new broadcast legislation was passed which transformed the business model under the Broadcasting Act 1990. Programme content was constrained by the regulator's demands for what they referred to as 'meaningful speech' and the stations' desire to be more commercial in line with the demands of the audience. The intention ofthis research project is to explore the impact of regulation upon the commercial radio programming model between 1983-85, and to uncover why this
period was pivotal in bringing about change within the regulatory framework. This examination will be carried out by drawing on IBA policy papers, media reports and personal accounts from interviews with key radio station personnel, such as broadcasters, station producers, managers and regulation staff The project draws on original sources of both primary and secondary data, including information held in the archives of the current radio regulator, the Office of Communications (Ofcom), who has granted unlimited access to previously unseen confidential archives. This provides an exclusive data source allowing the research to
make an original contribution to broadcasting history, which is pertinent given the current debate on deregulation within UK commercial radio
Monte Carlo simulation of the WENDI-2 neutron dosimeter
No full textIl presente lavoro di tesi, sviluppato nell’arco di sei mesi presso l’Institut Supérieur Industriel de Bruxelles (ISIB) in collaborazione con Ion Beam Application Group (IBA, Louvain la Neuve), ha come principale soggetto lo studio della risposta del rem meter WENDI-2 commercializzato da Thermo Scientific. Lo studio si è basato principalmente sull’uso del codice Monte Carlo MCNPX 2.5.0, simulando la risposta del detector sia in caso di campi di radiazione neutronica monoenergetici sia in corrispondenza di spettri neutronici continui. La prima fase è stata dedicata alla modellizzazione MCNPX del rem counter, consentendo così la valutazione della sua funzione risposta. Questa è stata ricostruita interpolando 93 punti, ciascuno calcolato in corrispondenza di un singolo valore di energia di una sorgente puntiforme, compreso tra 1 meV e 5 GeV. In tal caso è stata rilevata un’ottima corrispondenza tra i risultati ottenuti e quelli riportati nella letteratura scientifica esistente. In una seconda fase, al fine di ottenere informazioni sulla risposta di WENDI II in corrispondenza di campi complessi di radiazione, simulazioni MCNPX sono state realizzate riproducendo un ambiente di lavoro esistente presso la sede IBA di Louvain la Neuve: la risposta del detector è stata valutata in corrispondenza di 9 diverse posizioni all’interno di un bunker contenente un ciclotrone PET (18 MeV H-), implicando la rilevazione di campi di radiazione neutronica continui ed estesi dalle energie termiche fino a 18 MeV. I risultati ottenuti sono stati infine comparati con i valori di dose ambiente equivalente calcolata nelle stesse condizioni di irraggiamento
Letter, [Author unclear] to Paulina T. Merritt
No full textHandwritten letter to Paulina Merritt from an unknown author, October 1, 1876.
A tecnologia construtiva em madeira na região de Curitiba: da casa tradicional à contemporânea
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em ArquiteturaO presente trabalho tem como objetivo o estudo comparativo entre as construções residenciais em madeira no sistema tradicional conhecido como "tábua e mata-juntas" e as feitas com tecnologias contemporâneas. As construções tradicionais foram nomeadas por Imaguire (1993) como Casa de Araucária", em função da madeira utilizada ser proveniente da Araucária angustifolia. A análise é feita ao longo da passagem do tempo,sendo estudada a evolução do sistema construtivo tradicional até seu esgotamento e a comparação desta com os sistemas construtivos atuais. O recorte do tema se dá pelo viés da pré-fabricação e pela delimitação geográfica, sendo focada a região metropolitana de Curitiba. Outra questão abordada é o acesso à moradia. Para tanto foi pesquisada uma empresa que produziu casas de madeira para seus funcionários no sistema em questão, que se trata da Rede Viação Paraná Santa Catarina - RVPSC. As construções contemporâneas analisadas são em madeira proveniente de florestas plantadas ou nativas, tendo em comum a possibilidade de industrialização e pré-fabricação
Handwritten biographical information on Paulina T. McClung Merritt
No full textA handwritten biography of Paulina T. McClung Merritt by an unknown author, 1892.
TAKING OF EVIDENCE IN INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL ARBITRATION ON BASIS OF THE IBA RULES ON TAKING OF EVIDENCE IN INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION 2010
No full textPostopek pridobivanja dokazov v mednarodni trgovinski arbitraži se znatno razlikuje od postopka pridobivanja dokazov v sodnih civilnih postopkih, saj je v mednarodnem arbitražnem postopku le-ta, v skladu z načelom avtonomije volje strank in fleksibilnostjo arbitražnega postopka, v diskreciji strank oz. v odsotnosti dogovora med strankami, v diskreciji arbitražnega tribunala.
Mandatorna pravila, ki jih je potrebno upoštevati pri oblikovanju mednarodnega arbitražnega postopka v zvezi s pridobivanjem dokazov lahko omejimo na spoštovanje procesnega javnega reda, ki v dokaznem postopku vključuje načelo avtonomije volje strank, načelo enakopravne obravnave strank in načelo obojestranskega zaslišanja strank.
Arbitražna pravila, bodisi institucionalna ali ad hoc, navadno ne vsebujejo specifičnih določb v zvezi s pridobivanjem dokazov v postopku. Gre za namerno pravno praznino, ki naj omogoči čim večjo fleksibilnost arbitražnega postopka. Toda takšna praznina pogosto privede do sporov med strankamiše posebej kadar le-te prihajajo iz različnih pravnih okolij in posledično imajo različno predstavo o vsebini temeljnih načel, ki naj jih arbitražni tribunal spoštuje v zvezi z dokaznim postopkom.
Namen IBA Rules of Evidence, ki jih je sprejela IBA v letu 2010, je zapolniti pravno praznino v zvezi pridobivanjem dokazov v mednarodnih arbitražnih postopkih, ne da bi pri tem bistveno omejevala fleksibilnost postopka. IBA Rules of Evidence predstavljajo kompromis med anglosaškim in kontinentalnim pravnim sistemom v zvezi s pridobivanjem dokazov v mednarodni arbitraži, so odraz aktualne mednarodne arbitražne pravne prakse in pomemben pravni vir v mednarodni arbitraži. Aplikacija IBA Rules of Evidence zagotavlja udeležencem arbitražnega postopka učinkovit, pravičen in ekonomičen postopek pridobivanja dokaznega gradiva.Obtaining evidence in the international commerical arbitration significantly differs from civil court proceedings. Obtainging evidence in international commercial arbitration is in accordance with the principle of autonomy of the parties and the flexibility of the arbitration proceedings, in the discretion of the parties, or absence of agreement between the parties, in the arbitral tribunal\u27s discretion.
Mandatory provisions which must be taken into account when determining the international arbitration proceedings in conection with the evidence can be limited to the procedural public policy. Procedural public policy includes the principle of parties\u27 autonomy, the principle of equal treatement between the parties and parties\u27 right to be heard.
Arbitration rules, either institutional or ad hoc, usullly do not contain specific provisions related to evidence proceedings. This is a deliberate legal vacuum which intent is to allow the greatest possible flexibility of arbitration proceedings. However, such gaps often lead to disputes between the parties, especially when they are coming from different legal backgrounds and have different ideas about the content of the basic principles which are to be respected in international arbitration.
The purpose of the IBA Rules of Evidence, which were addopted by IBA in 2010, is to fill in the legal vacuum in relation to the evidence in international arbitration, whitout significantly limiting the flexbility of the procedure. IBA Rules of Evidence represent a compromise between common law and civil law approach in relation to obtaining evidence in international arbitrationare a refleciton of the current arbitration law practice and an important legal source in international arbitration. Application of IBA Rules of Evidence grants the parties the efficient, equitable and economical method of obtaining evidence. IBA Rules of Evidence do not regulate all possible procedures in relation to evidence. Only the most commonly used methods of presenting the evidence are regulated in it, namely: documentary evidence, witnesses, expert witnesses, arbitration experts, inspections. In addition, the IBA Rules of Evidence define guidelines that should be taken in account when assessing the evidence
Heterogeneous and tissue-specific regulation of effector T cell responses by IFN-gamma during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection.
No full textIFN-γ and T cells are both required for the development of experimental cerebral malaria during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection. Surprisingly, however, the role of IFN-γ in shaping the effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell response during this infection has not been examined in detail. To address this, we have compared the effector T cell responses in wild-type and IFN-γ(-/-) mice during P. berghei ANKA infection. The expansion of splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells during P. berghei ANKA infection was unaffected by the absence of IFN-γ, but the contraction phase of the T cell response was significantly attenuated. Splenic T cell activation and effector function were essentially normal in IFN-γ(-/-) mice; however, the migration to, and accumulation of, effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the lung, liver, and brain was altered in IFN-γ(-/-) mice. Interestingly, activation and accumulation of T cells in various nonlymphoid organs was differently affected by lack of IFN-γ, suggesting that IFN-γ influences T cell effector function to varying levels in different anatomical locations. Importantly, control of splenic T cell numbers during P. berghei ANKA infection depended on active IFN-γ-dependent environmental signals--leading to T cell apoptosis--rather than upon intrinsic alterations in T cell programming. To our knowledge, this is the first study to fully investigate the role of IFN-γ in modulating T cell function during P. berghei ANKA infection and reveals that IFN-γ is required for efficient contraction of the pool of activated T cells
Inflammatory components in human Alzheimer's disease and after active amyloid-β42 immunization
No full textInflammatory processes are important in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and in response to amyloid-β immunotherapy. We investigated the expression of multiple inflammatory markers in the brains of 28 non-immunized patients with Alzheimer's disease and 11 patients with Alzheimer's disease immunized against amyloid-β42 (AN1792): microglial ionized calcium-binding adaptor Iba-1, lysosome marker CD68, macrophage scavenger receptor A, Fcγ receptors I (CD64) and II (CD32); and also immunoglobulin IgG, complement C1q and the T lymphocyte marker CD3 using immunohistochemistry. The data were analysed with regard to amyloid-β and phospho-tau pathology, severity of cerebral amyloid angiopathy and cortical microhaemorrhages. In non-immunized Alzheimer's disease cases, amyloid-?42 correlated inversely with CD32 and Iba-1, whereas phospho-tau correlated directly with all microglial markers, IgG, C1q and the number of T cells. In immunized Alzheimer's disease cases, amyloid-β42 load correlated directly with macrophage scavenger receptor A-positive clusters and inversely with C1q. The severity of cerebral amyloid angiopathy and microhaemorrhages did not relate to any of the analysed markers. Overall, the levels of CD68, macrophage scavenger receptor A, CD64, CD32 and the number of macrophage scavenger receptor A-positive plaque-related clusters were significantly lower in immunized than non-immunized cases, although there was no significant difference in Iba-1 load, number of Iba-1-positive cells, IgG load, C1q load or number of T cells. Our findings indicate that different microglial populations co-exist in the Alzheimer's disease brain, and that the local inflammatory status within the grey matter is importantly linked with tau pathology. After amyloid-β immunization, the microglial functional state is altered in association with reduced amyloid-β and tau pathology. The results suggest that, in the long term, amyloid-β immunotherapy results in downregulation of microglial activation and potentially reduces the inflammation-mediated component of the neurodegeneration of Alzheimer's disease
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