736,736 research outputs found
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Hundreds of variants clustered in genomic loci and biological pathways affect human height
No full textMost common human traits and diseases have a polygenic pattern of inheritance: DNA sequence variants at many genetic loci influence the phenotype. Genome-wide association (GWA) studies have identified more than 600 variants associated with human traits(1), but these typically explain small fractions of phenotypic variation, raising questions about the use of further studies. Here, using 183,727 individuals, we show that hundreds of genetic variants, in at least 180 loci, influence adult height, a highly heritable and classic polygenic trait(2,3). The large number of loci reveals patterns with important implications for genetic studies of common human diseases and traits. First, the 180 loci are not random, but instead are enriched for genes that are connected in biological pathways (P = 0.016) and that underlie skeletal growth defects (P<0.001). Second, the likely causal gene is often located near the most strongly associated variant: in 13 of 21 loci containing a known skeletal growth gene, that gene was closest to the associated variant. Third, at least 19 loci have multiple independently associated variants, suggesting that allelic heterogeneity is a frequent feature of polygenic traits, that comprehensive explorations of already-discovered loci should discover additional variants and that an appreciable fraction of associated loci may have been identified. Fourth, associated variants are enriched for likely functional effects on genes, being over-represented among variants that alter amino-acid structure of proteins and expression levels of nearby genes. Our data explain approximately 10% of the phenotypic variation in height, and we estimate that unidentified common variants of similar effect sizes would increase this figure to approximately 16% of phenotypic variation (approximately 20% of heritable variation). Although additional approaches are needed to dissect the genetic architecture of polygenic human traits fully, our findings indicate that GWA studies can identify large numbers of loci that implicate biologically relevant genes and pathways
Absorption in Human Capital and R&D Effects in an Endogenous Growth Model
No full textUntil now, in models of endogenous growth with physical capital, human capital and R&D such as in Arnold [Journal of Macroeconomics 20 (1998)] and followers, steady-state growth is independent of innovation activities. We introduce absorption in human capital accumulation and describe the steady-state and transition of the model. We show that this new feature provides an effect of R&D in growth, consumption and welfare. We compare the quantitative effects of R&D productivity with the quantitative effects of Human Capital productivity in wealth and welfare.
Computationally Efficient Human Body Modelling for Real Time Motion Comfort Assessment
No full textDue to the complexity of the human body and its neuromuscular stabilization, it has been challenging to efficiently and accurately predict human motion and capture posture while being driven. Existing simple models of the seated human body are mostly two-dimensional and developed in the mid-sagittal plane exposed to in-plane excitation. Such models capture fore-aft and vertical motion but not the more complex 3D motions due to lateral loading. Advanced 3D full body active human models (AHMs), such as in MADYMO, can be used for comfort analysis and to investigate how vibrations influence the human body while being driven. However, such AHMs are very time-consuming due to their complexity. To effectively analyze motion comfort, a computationally efficient and accurate three dimensional (3D) human model, which runs faster than real time, is presented. The model's postural stabilization parameters are tuned using available 3D vibration data for head, trunk and pelvis translation and rotation. A comparison between AHM and EHM is conducted regarding human body kinematics. According to the results, the EHM model configuration with two neck joints, two torso bending joints, and a spinal compression joint accurately predicts body kinematics.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Intelligent Vehicle
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Spontaneity and diversity of movement to music are not uniquely human
No full textSix videos of full experimental trials, annotated by author RJJK, of a sulphur-crested cockatoo’s diverse set of spontaneous movements in response to human music. For details, please refer to Jao Keehn, R. J., Iversen, J. R., Schulz, I., & Patel, A. D. (2019). Spontaneity and diversity of movement to music are not uniquely human. Current Biology
Spontaneity and diversity of movement to music is not uniquely human
No full textSix videos of full experimental trials, annotated by author RJJK, of a sulphur-crested cockatoo’s diverse set of spontaneous movements in response to human music. For details, please refer to Jao Keehn, R. J., Iversen, J. R., Schulz, I., & Patel, A. D. (2019). Spontaneity and diversity of movement to music is not uniquely human. Current Biology
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Socially-distributed cognition and cognitive architectures: towards an ACT-R-based cognitive social simulation capability
No full textACT-R is one of the most widely used cognitive architectures, and it has been used to model hundreds of phenomena described in the cognitive psychology literature. In spite of this, there are relatively few studies that have attempted to apply ACT-R to situations involving social interaction. This is an important omission since the social aspects of cognition have been a growing area of interest in the cognitive science community, and an understanding of the dynamics of collective cognition is of particular importance in many organizational settings. In order to support the computational modeling and simulation of socially-distributed cognitive processes, a simulation capability based on the ACT-R architecture is described. This capability features a number of extensions to the core ACT-R architecture that are intended to support social interaction and collaborative problem solving. The core features of a number of supporting applications and services are also described. These applications/services support the execution, monitoring and analysis of simulation experiments. Finally, a system designed to record human behavioral data in a collective problem-solving task is described. This system is being used to undertake a range of experiments with teams of human subjects, and it will ultimately support the development of high fidelity ACT-R cognitive models. Such models can be used in conjunction with the ACT-R simulation capability to test hypotheses concerning the interaction between cognitive, social and technological factors in tasks involving socially-distributed information processing
Human Rights Education and Social Studies Teacher Preparation: Is There any “There” There?
No full textUsing data from a survey of social studies professors and program directors in New Jersey, this paper presents the results of an investigation about the degree to which human rights education is integrated within the professional teacher preparation programs leading to social studies certification at colleges and universities in New Jersey. Seven institutions of higher education are represented, combining both public and private colleges and universities. Findings indicate that human rights education is not heavily represented in the content of social studies certification coursework, nor are students enrolled in such classes very knowledgeable about the history of human rights, the UN/international treaty and legal framework, and humanitarian law issues based upon prior courses in their subject field majors. Students who exit these programs prior to receiving initial licensure in New Jersey have a relatively strong understanding of student-centered, participatory pedagogy compatible with human rights education concepts and strategies, but there is little evidence that study of core topics in U. S. or world history is placed within the broader context of the development of human rights. Recommendations emphasize a more cohesive integration of the NCSS standards for teacher preparation into social studies teacher preparation program design and implementation, with a specific focus on five standards where human rights content and themes can be effectively used. Additionally, more intensive collaboration between subject field faculty in the humanities and social sciences and social studies education faculty is needed to insure that human rights content and themes are actually studied regularly by social studies teacher preparation candidates prior to their exit from certification programs.Paper prepared for the 5th International Conference on Human Rights Education presentation on the panel: Human Rights Education in the USA: Collaborative Strategies to Effect Chang
- …
