195 research outputs found
Global approaches to solving recognition problems of noisy images, 1989
No full textAn important problem in the area of pattern recognition is automatic detection of certain pre-assigned elements of an image distorted by noise. In this research, a global ap proach will be used. One such approach is to use an optimal smoothing algorithm which depends on efficient dynamic programming computational techniques. The basic purpose of this research is to make this dynamic programming process efficient in terms of storage requirement and computational effort. Our goal, using the objective function, is to find an optimal order of optimization and then design an effi cient computational technique. Two global techniques will be presented in this paper. Included is a graph-searching technique and the above men tioned technique using dynamic programming. Emphasis will be on the development of an algorithm using dynamic program ming. I wish to express ray deepest appreciation and sincere gratitude to those who have contributed their time, energy, and support to make this study possible. Thanks are especially due Dr. Warsi, Nazir A. , my thesis advisor. His instruction, suggestions, and patience were essential to the completion of this thesi s. Further thanks are also due Nasa Langley for providing financial, technical, and general support to help make this study possible. Special thanks are offered to Mr. Micheal Goode, Technical Monitor, for his technical support and to Dr. Samuel E. Massenberg, University Affairs Officer, for his general support
General approximation theory in normed linear spaces, 1980
No full textIn this thesis the concept of the general approximation theory is investigated. in the first chapter, the basic definitions and properties of normed linear spaces and related theorems used in subsequent chapters are discussed. In the second and third chapters as a main thrust of this study, the author discusses various approximation theory results. In the final chapter, two important applications of the approximation theory are presented
Perceived Safety and Fear of Crime of Visitors in a Shopping Mall in Karachi, Pakistan [Elektronisk resurs]
No full textThis study examines the environment of one of the largest and most recently built shopping mall in Karachi, Pakistan. The aim of this study is to assess how building design, familiarity with the mall, and past experiences of victimization influence visitors’ perceived safety. Using site inspections guided by crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) principles and an online survey, the study identifies factors affecting visitors’ perceived safety. Findings indicate that enhancing surveillance, territoriality, and access control in well-designed and maintained spaces can impact levels of perceived safety. These findings underscore the importance of surveys, in combination with site inspections, in providing a comprehensive tool for understanding and improving safety in commercial complexes.</p
Coping Styles, Aggression and Interpersonal Conflicts among Depressed and Non-Depressed People
No full textBackground: The present study compared people with depressive symp¬toms and people without depressive symptoms with reference to their coping styles, level of aggression and interpersonal conflicts.Methods: A purposive sample of 128 people (64 depressed and 64 normal controls) was selected from four different teaching hospitals of Lahore. Both the groups were matched on four demographic levels i.e. age, gender, education and monthly income. Symptom Checklist-R was used to screen out depressed and non-depressed people. The Brief COPE, the Aggres¬sion Questionnaire and the Bergen Social Relationship Scale were used to assess coping styles, aggression and interpersonal conflicts respectively. The Independent t-test was used to compare the groups. Binary logistic Regression was also carried out to predict the role of research variables in causing depression.Results: The results showed that level of aggression and interpersonal conflict was significantly more in people with depressive symptoms as compared to control group. On the other hand control group was using more adaptive coping styles than people with depressive symptoms but no difference was found in the use of maladaptive coping styles. Conclusion: The present findings revealed that coping styles, aggression and interpersonal conflicts play important role in depression. Therefore, these dimen-sions must be considered while dealing with the depressive patients. Implications for preventive work are also discussed in the light of previous researches
Safety Perceptions and Micro-Segregation: Exploring Gated- and Non-Gated-Community Dynamics in Quetta, Pakistan
No full textCrime impacts residential neighborhoods not only through the loss of life and property but also by instilling a widespread fear among residents. To combat this fear, physical security measures like safety locks, gates, and high perimeter walls have proven effective in both developed and developing nations. This trend has led to the increased popularity of gated communities in Pakistan as a preferred housing choice. In addition to encouraging micro-segregation, these developments also attract a large number of residents. In order to better understand the differences in residents’ fear of crime in relation to their health and socio-economic status, this paper compares residential housing schemes in Quetta, Pakistan (gated and non-gated). Surveys and on-site observations in four different residential areas of the city underpin the methodology. The results suggest that past experiences of crime victimization strongly affect feelings of safety in both gated and non-gated communities. The study highlights the complex relationship between the perception of safety, health and well-being, socio-economic status, and the type of community, highlighting how these factors collectively influence respondents’ experiences and create micro-segregation
نو آبادیاتی ہندوستان میں حقوقِ نسواں کا علمبردار: مولوی ممتاز علی
No full textThis paper explains the role of Maulvi Mumtaz Ali in advocating the Women's Rights in late 19th and early 20th century India. A close associate of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan and contemporary of Hali and Deputy Nazir Ahmad, Maulvi Mumtaz Ali and Sheikh Abdullah of Aligarh brought women's home journals and through them advocated women's rights including their educational rights. The paper suggests that Maulvi Mumtaz Ali suffered a lot as he appointed his wife Muhammadi begum the editor of journal Tehzeeb-Un-Niswan, launched in 1898. He strongly believed in gender equality in all spheres of life. His book "Huqooq -e-Niswan" (Women's rights) covers the vast themes of -the false superiority of male over female; women's education, purdah (Veil), marriage system and social patterns between husband and wife. He denounced the men's false superiority, physical as well as intellectual over the women. The paper explores his support to women's education. He also elaborates the debate on purdah and its violence on women by the Muslim society of colonial India
PROFESIONALITAS NAZIR PERWAKILAN BADAN WAKAF INDONESIA DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA
No full textBadan Wakaf Indonesia (BWI) has the task of building and managing wakaf assets. In carrying out its duties, BWI can form representatives in the region. Representatives in the district also have the same responsibilities in conducting guidance and management. In the Special Region of Yogyakarta, in 2013 a Representative of BWI DIY was formed, but the implementation of the new coaching function was done in the third period of management right at the end of 2019. Meanwhile, management was never done. From the background of this problem, the author formulates the following problem: how professionally the representative of the Indonesian Waqf Agency as a nazir for supervisors and managers of waqf assets in the Special Region of Yogyakarta
This type of research is field research with a sociological normative approach. This means that this research is a combination of the normative law approach (law) with the addition of various elements of the sociological approach with the theory of functional structure and Good Nadzir Governance. While the data analysis method used is descriptive analytical. In collecting data, the compiler uses observational methods, interviews and documentation.
The results show that: First, BWI DIY representatives have conducted training in the form of training and outreach as well as consulting activities, but have not been in line with existing theories in law and regulation because the implementation of construction is done at least once a year. Meanwhile, the management of waqf assets independently is not possible because it is still focused on construction. So, it can be said that the management of the BWI DIY Representative Office for the period 2013-2019 is not yet professional in carrying out its duties and functions. Second, the application of professionalism to the management of the BWI DIY Representative Office for the period 2013-2019 after being analyzed using Good Nadzir Governace, especially the principle of transparency, can also be said to be unprofessional, because the BWI DIY Representative for the period 2013-2019 has not published how many endowment assets and construction activities while running the organization as a form of responsible responsibility for the management of waqf assets to the people. Third, the application of professionalism to the management of BWI DIY Representatives for the period 2013-2019 after being analyzed using functional structure theory can be said to be unprofessional, because BWI DIY representatives for the period 2013-2019 have not been able to adapt to their environment, do not have a clear vision and mission, which resulted in the DIY BWI Representative for the period 2013-2019 not having the ability to support himself, especially in fulfilling facilities and infrastructure
Windcatchers as a Green Ventilation Device: A Lost Tale From Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan [Elektronisk resurs]
No full textThe rapid urbanization process is majorly associated with extreme climate change and many other urban issues that pose new challenges in terms of urban resilience. Bold climate action is one of the main principles addressed by UN-Habitat in Sustainable Development. This problem demands an immediate reduction in carbon footprints. One way of doing this is to revive the traditional climate-controlling techniques/natural ventilation methods in architecture. Windcatchers have been used as a passive technique for ventilation for many centuries. The windcatchers of Hyderabad (Mangh/Hawadani/Badgeers/Malqaf) were a dominant identity of vernacular architecture. This article aims to understand the traditional methods of dealing with climate-controlling techniques in architecture by (1) studying windcatchers in both vernacular and modern buildings in the context of Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan by (2) understanding the user’s perspective about windcatchers. A comparison of four buildings in Hyderabad, Pakistan, was performed. The findings of this study show that old Windcatchers in Hyderabad are in dilapidated condition and are found insignificant because they are not fulfilling the current needs of the users looking for modernized solutions. However, newly built windcatchers are well appreciated by users because of their well-functioning mechanism in relation to the local climate and current living requirements. The performance study of windcatchers conducted in this research represents an initial step towards developing a more extensive guide for utilizing windcatchers in passive cooling systems for buildings located in hot regions.</p
Exploring the effects of floods in Pakistan: Pre/post flood analysis 2022
No full textPakistan is affected by floods of various intensities ranging between high, moderate and low levels. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of 2022 flood events in Pakistan. This aim will be achieved by analyzing the relationship between the 2022 floods and the situation of affected communities, with a focus on gender roles. The study assessed the differences in vulnerability to floods between men vs. women by examining their socio-economic conditions before and after flood 2022. Multiple field surveys were conducted for data collection, and a questionnaire was used to learn about the current and past conditions of the people living in the villages around the city of Khipro, Sindh, located downstream of the Indus River, majorly affected by floods in terms of lives and livelihoods. Correlations, and cross-tabulations were used to analyze the demographic characteristics and socioeconomic status of communities. Focusing on the period before and after the 2022 floods and the difference in vulnerability, the results of the study indicated that despite having better access to disaster preparedness information and resources, societal norms and mobility issues make women more vulnerable. Therefore, it is important to focus on gender-sensitive disaster preparedness and response efforts. The study proposes a few measures to improve resilience and promote sustainable development in flood-affected areas
Exploring the 15-Minutes City Concept: Global Challenges and Opportunities in Diverse Urban Contexts
No full textThe concept of the 15-minutes city [15 MC] focuses on providing important services within proximity and accessibility through active travel like walking or biking. While this model is becoming popular in urban planning and academic discourse, its implementation faces challenges in both densely populated developing and developed countries. This study aims to conduct a systematic review of recent literature to (1) identify the core components of the 15 MC model, (2) examine planning tools and strategies used in its implementation, (3) compare successes and challenges across global contexts, particularly in densely populated and resource-constrained areas, and (4) offer practical recommendations for adapting the model to meet local needs. The study reviewed 33 research papers published in the last five years [2019–2024]. Following PRISMA guidelines, a structured screening and selection process was conducted using databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Thematic analysis revealed major challenges for implementing the 15 MC in the Global South, including urban informality, gaps in infrastructure, and complex governance issues. Moreover, the review points out the potential risks of exclusion and gentrification if the specific needs of different contexts are not considered. While high-income countries tend to focus on sustainability and making neighborhoods walkable, developing countries struggle with deeper structural problems that make equitable implementation harder. This study emphasizes the need for locally adaptive frameworks in planning 15 MCs and aims to develop inclusive urban policies that support Sustainable Development Goal 11, which seeks to make cities inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable
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