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Zasady gry w dziedzinie ekonomii
No full textArtykuł wskazuje rolę, jaką odgrywają elementy gry (zwłaszcza konkurencyjności, skrajnej wytrzymałości) w kulturze (J. Huizinga, R. Caillois, E. Fink) a szczególnie w sferze gospodarki. Przedstawiono tu podstawowe cechy elementu gry, takie jak zjawisko culture building (budowanie kultury).
Autor wskazuje na rolę, jaką odgrywają te elementy, które są wyraźnie odzwierciedlone w teorii ekonomii, koncentrując się na klasycznej teorii Adama Smitha neoklasycznej koncepcji Homo Oeconomicus, teorii gier i zachowań ekonomicznych, teoriach instytucjonalnych, jak również teorii wyboru publicznego.This article reflects the role of play elements (and especially competitive, agonal principle) in culture (J. Huizinga, R. Caillois, E. Fink), particularly in the sphere of economy. Basic characteristics of the play element as a culture-building phenomenon are summarized here. The author points at play elements, as they are explicitly reflected by the theory of economics, focusing on the classical theory of Adam Smith, neoclassical concept of Homo Oeconomicus, theory of games and economic behavior, institutional theories, as well as the public-choice theory
Voucher privatization with investment funds : an institutional analysis
Get PDFCommon wisdom among post-socialist reformers has beento use voucher investment funds to provide the corporate governance needed to restructure newly privatized enterprises after mass privatization efforts. The idea has been that mass privatization would spread the ownership too wide and make corporate governance difficult. The author examines the likely institutional behavior of voucher funds and the possible effects of their development on a transition economy. Since most policy advice has been in favor of voucher privatization with investment funds, the author can be seen as playing the devil's advocate, but his argument is institutional, not statistical. Policymaking requires insight and foresight into how institutions will tend to function. He concludes that voucher funds will introduce a bias in the economy away from the real industrial sector toward an ersatz"financial sector"that will have little if any positive financial role but will be well-protected by friendly regulators. One long-term consequence of voucher privatization with investment funds, according to this view, is a de facto"industrial policy"of real sector decapitalization in favor of short-term rent-seeking by fund managers through board sinecures and lucrative side deals with portfolio companies and through financial market manipulation and paper entrepreneurship in the"financial sector."Without strong corporate governance from the funds and without stable ownership of their own, many enterprise managers will exploit the post-socialist version of the"separation of ownership and control"to grab what they can in the form of salaries, bonuses, perquisites, and side deals. The most likely results of the strategy of voucher privatization with investment funds may be a two-sided grab fest by fund managers and enterprise managers -- together with the accompanying drift, stagnation, and decapitalization of the privatized industrial sector.Economic Adjustment and Lending,Payment Systems&Infrastructure,International Terrorism&Counterterrorism,Economic Theory&Research,Banks&Banking Reform,International Terrorism&Counterterrorism,Banks&Banking Reform,Economic Adjustment and Lending,Environmental Economics&Policies,Economic Theory&Research
Water Management as a Peace Mechanism: An integrated and comprehensive new policy framework for the application of water management in stabilisation operations.
No full textWater will be a root-cause or catalyst of conflicts. As a result, the Netherlands Armed Forces and its partners will be confronted with water issues in stabilisation operations. Consequently, a policy framework how to apply water management as a de-escalating, conflict prevention and resolution instrument in stabilisation operations is regarded essential by the Netherlands Army Corps of Engineers. However, an integrated and comprehensive policy framework which applies water management and water diplomacy as a development and peace instrument tailored for application in the complex and dynamic environment of stabilisation operations, did not yet exist. By means of this MSc thesis research the desired new policy framework is developed. As a result, the new policy framework will help the Netherlands Armed Forces including its military and non-military partners to conduct better stabilisation- and crisis management operations.Engineering & Policy Analysis, track Infrastructure & Environmental Governance, specialisation Water ManagementPolicy AnalysisTechnology, Policy and Managemen
A simplicial algorithm for computing proper Nash equilibria of finite games
Get PDFStationary Point;Game Theory;Nash Equilibrium
Groupwise image registration based on a total correlation dissimilarity measure for quantitative MRI and dynamic imaging data
Get PDFThe most widespread technique used to register sets of medical images consists of selecting one image as fixed reference, to which all remaining images are successively registered. This pairwise scheme requires one optimization procedure per pair of images to register. Pairwise mutual information is a common dissimilarity measure applied to a large variety of datasets. Alternative methods, called groupwise registrations, have been presented to register two or more images in a single optimization procedure, without the need of a reference image. Given the success of mutual information in pairwise registration, we adapt one of its multivariate versions, called total correlation, in a groupwise context. We justify the choice of total correlation among other multivariate versions of mutual information, and provide full implementation details. The resulting total correlation measure is remarkably close to measures previously proposed by Huizinga et al. based on principal component analysis. Our experiments, performed on five quantitative imaging datasets and on a dynamic CT imaging dataset, show that total correlation yields registration results that are comparable to Huizinga’s methods. Total correlation has the advantage of being theoretically justified, while the measures of Huizinga et al. were designed empirically. Additionally, total correlation offers an alternative to pairwise mutual information on quantitative imaging datasets
Half a century of development economics : a review based on the"Handbook of Development Economics"
Get PDFDevelopment economics has made remarkable progress in 50 years, says the author, summarizing changes in the field since Nehru's first proposals for an independent India. Synthesizing insights about changes in the field from the many contributors to the"Handbook of Development Economics,"the author observes (among other things): 1) Different schools of thought may dominate, but the range of research has broadened. Economics has"hardened"as its practitioners have learned to use data more carefully and to reason more rigorously. 2) The policy message has been turned upside down. Gone is the idea that development is industrialization and that the main policy problem is to manage the interface between country and city. Today urbanization and industrialization are viewed as mere components of an integrated transformation, in which the expansion of foreign trade is central. Traditional institutions are viewed with far more understanding, because overhasty modernization has often proved counterproductive. 3) More than ever, development is seen as a"whole replacement"process, the key to which is mastery of Northern technology--now understood to be both simpler and more complex than previously thought. Simpler, because much technology is uncomplicated, and complex because even simple technology requires ingenuity and a costly investment in adaptations. 4) There has been a radical change in economists'view of market agents and policymakers. Gone are the days when economists thought their advice should be aimed mainly at planners. Policymakers are utility maximizers, too. Employees of state enterprises coalesce into powerful interest groups that block efforts to raise productivity. The new thinking is sometimes modified by evoking the vague concept of"governance,"under which the economist's view is to help design a system of interacting state and private institutions that, led by the state, cooperate in achieving social goals. Whether something useful will come from this line of thinking remains to be seen. The author detects major gaps in economists'undrstanding of development, suggesting a particular need for further study of collective action (a far more pervasive component of human action than is realized) and the selection of roles by individuals and the costly investment this entails (a concept that may shed light on Schumpeter's well-known but little-studied entrepreneur).Labor Policies,Economic Theory&Research,Health Economics&Finance,Environmental Economics&Policies,Decentralization,Health Economics&Finance,Poverty Assessment,Achieving Shared Growth,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies
„Rozwiecznione w horyzont”. Wieki średnie Stanisława Barańczaka
Get PDFThe article provides an interpretation of Middle Ages, a poem from Stanisław Barańczak’s debut publication Facial Corrections (1968). Focussing on the way that numerous examples of zeugma and syllepsis are used, the author argues that this poem, which was probably inspired by the first Polish publication of the Waning of the Middle Ages by J. Huizinga, was created through the poet’s reflections on the structure of messianic time (kairos). As such it can be seen as both a polemic with materialism and a criticism of Christianity. In this way Middle Ages proves to be the first of post-secular Barańczak’s poems which herald the wealth of spiritual explorations in his later works
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Krystyna Miłobędzka’s Poetic Playground. Around Gdzie baba siała mak. Gry słowne dla teatru
No full textThe article is devoted to Krystyna Miłobędzka’s texts for children’s theatre. Demonstrating the kinship between the characteristic ways of thinking of poet and child, the author analyses how space is created – the space for both child’s play and poetic ritual. Highlighted in the work is the idea of how things are done through the use of clich´es, child’s words and rhymes in poetic language. The main character of Miłobędzka’s scripts is language – its potential and power for [email protected] Nofikow-Dobrodumow, dr, literaturoznawczyni, kulturoznawczyni, adiunkt w Zakładzie Teorii i Antropologii Literatury Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku. Autorka książek: Metafizyczne gospodarstwo Mirona (2001) oraz Polski karnawał. Obrazy obyczajów świątecznych w piśmiennictwie trzech stuleci (od XVII do XIX wieku) (2015). Jej zainteresowania obejmują pogranicza literaturoznawstwa i studiów kulturowych.Wydział Filologiczny. Uniwersytet w BiałymstokuBiałoszewski Miron, Imiesłów, w: M. Białoszewski, Utwory zebrane, t. 2: Teatr Osobny, Warszawa: PIW, 1988, s. 147–150.Borowiec Jarosław, Szare światło. Rozmowy z Krystyną Miłobędzką i Andrzejem Falkiewiczem, Wrocław: Biuro Literackie, 2009.Huizinga Johan, Homo ludens. Zabawa jako źródło kultury, przeł. M. Kurecka, W. Wirpsza, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Aletheia, 2007.Kałuża Anna, Więcej matki, w: Wielogłos. Krystyna Miłobędzka w recenzjach, szkicach, rozmowach, wybór, oprac. i red. J. Borowiec, Wrocław: Biuro Literackie, 2012, s. 236–241.Kapferer Bruce, Proces rytualny i problem refleksywności w egzorcyzmach syngaleskich, w: Rytuał, dramat, święto, spektakl. Wstęp do teorii widowiska kulturowego, red. J. J. MacAloon, przeł. K. Przyłuska-Urbanowicz, posłowie do wydania polskiego W. Dudzik, Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, 2009, s. 273–313.Karasińska Marta, Gry teatralne KrystynyMiłobędzkiej, w:Wielogłos. Krystyna Miłobędzka w recenzjach, szkicach, rozmowach, wybór, oprac. i red. J. Borowiec,Wrocław: Biuro Literackie, 2012, s. 561–569.Miłobędzka Krystyna, Gdzie baba siała mak. Gry słowne dla teatru, Wrocław: Biuro Literackie, 2012.Miłobędzka Krystyna, W widnokręgu Odmieńca. Teatr, dziecko, kosmogonia, Wrocław: Biuro Literackie, 2008.Pławuszewski Piotr, O trudnej sztuce tłumaczenia świata, w: Wielogłos. Krystyna Miłobędzka w recenzjach, szkicach, rozmowach, wybór, oprac. i red. J. Borowiec, Wrocław: Biuro Literackie, 2012, s. 571–575.Serafinowska Ewa, Gra i zabawa w sztukach KrystynyMiłobędzkiej, w: Wielogłos. Krystyna Miłobędzka w recenzjach, szkicach, rozmowach, wybór, oprac. i red. J. Borowiec, Wrocław: Biuro Literackie, 2012, s. 541–552.Turner Victor, Liminalność i gatunki performatywne, w: Rytuał, dramat, święto, spektakl. Wstęp do teorii widowiska kulturowego, red. J. J. MacAloon, przeł. K. Przyłuska--Urbanowicz, posłowie do wydania polskiego W. Dudzik, Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, 2009, s. 39–74.Wiles David, Przestrzeń święta, w: D. Wiles, Krótka historia przestrzeni teatralnych, przeł. Ł. Zaremba, red. nauk. wydania polskiego W. Dudzik, Warszawa: PWN, 2012, s. 36–90.1128930
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